Type 1 RF vs. Type 2 RF

Question 1

Type I Respiratory failure: Pa02 ? (<8kPa), PaC02 ? or ?.

Type II Respiratory failure: Pa02 ? (<8kPa), PaC02 ?(>?kPa).

Type I RF occurs with diseases of the lung ?;

• Pulmonary ?, pneumonia, ??, ????, ARDS.
• ? is initially type I, with type II RF indicating a peri-? state.

Answer 1

low
normal/low

low
high
6

parenchyma

oedema
PE
COPD
Asthma
arrest

Question 2

Type II RF occurs when alveolar ? is insufficient to excrete the volume of
? being produced by tissue metabolism.

=Severe pulmonary disease: ?, COPD, pulmonary ?, ???.

=Reduced respiratory drive: ??? pathology, ? drugs.

=Thoracic wall disease: rib fracture (pain), ?, ? chest.

=Neuromuscular disease: ? paralysis, MG, ?-? syndrome, ? lesions, poliomyelitis —> Usually causes ? spirometry.

Answer 2

ventilation
CO2
asthma
fibrosis
OSA
CNS
sedative
kyphoscoliosis
flail
diaphragmatic
guillian-barre
cord
restrictive

Question 3

Clinical features of hypoxia are ?, agitation, ? and central ?.

Clinical features of hypercapnia are ?, tachycardia, ? pulse, CO2 retention ‘?’ and ?, as well as features of ?.

Answer 3

SOB
confusion
cyanosis

headache
bounding
flap
papilloedema
acidosis

Question 4

ACIDOSIS

? respiration: air hunger, giving deep and ? breathing.

Cardiovascular dysfunction: acidosis is negatively ?.

Potassium abnormalities: acidosis leads to potassium ? from cells, leading
to ? if renal function is good, or ? if impaired.

Cerebral dysfunction: ? or coma.

Peripheral ? & increased permeability: leading to ?.

Answer 4

kussmaul
laboured
inotropic
loss
hypokalaemia
hyperkalaemia
confusion
vasodilation
oedema