Asthma 2 - Extrinsic/Intrinsic, Morphology and Consequencs

Question 1

Extrinsic
? ? hypersensitivity reaction
most freq in ? individuals who show positive ? ? tests to common ?, implying a definite extrinsic cause

Answer 1

T1
atopic
skin prick
allergens

Question 2

Intrinsic
non-? mechanisms
occurs in ? individuals where ? causative agent can be identified
generally more ?, and ass with ? deteriorations in lung function

? onset asthma is more likely to be intrinsic, occurring in non-atopic individuals

Answer 2

immune
middle aged
no
severe
quicker
late

Question 3

Acute asthma

• acute eps of ? triggered by recognised triggers
• these triggers activate ? cells, which lead to two phases

Answer 3

bronchospasm

mast

Question 4

Acute

• an early phase of bronchospasm due to ? production (?, pgD2, and LTs) -> ? ? contraction narrows airways
• late phase due to chemotaxins attracting ? and mononuclear cells -> cellular ? and mucosal ? narrow the airway
• there is also airway ? in the late phase, which can lead to further acute deteriorations

Answer 4

spasmogen
histamine
SM
eosinophils
infiltrates
oedema
hyper-reactivity

Question 5

Chronic

• many have ? resp function between attacks
• some develop ? ? that can be indistinguishable from ???? -> more common in ? asthma
• there is ? due to incr response bronchial SM, and hyper secretion of ? that plugs the airways

Answer 5

normal
chronic obstruction
COPD
intrinsic
bronchoconstriction
mucus

Question 6

Chronic
mucosal ? further narrows airways
sputum will contain ?-? crystals from eosinophil granules and ? ? from mucus plugs of small airways

in long standing disease, this can lead to ? ?

Answer 6

oedema
charcot leyden
curschman spirals
PHTN