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Tuscany Flashcards

1
Q

Number DOCG, DOC in Tuscany, production

A

11 DOCG, 41 DOC. 60% DOC/DOCG , 85% red

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2
Q

Tuscany: neighboring regions, bodies of water

A

Liguria to the NW corner, Emilia-Romagna to the North, Marche to the NE corner, Umbria to the East, Lazio to the SE, the Tyrrhenian Sea to the West.

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3
Q

When was Chianti first delimited? expanded? DOCG?

A

1716 by Grand Duke Cosimo III de’ Medici. 4 original Classico villages: Radda, Castellina, Greve, Gaiole. One of the first delimited zones in Europe. The modern zone est in 1932 w/ 7 subzones; elevated to DOCG status with Classico in 1984, one of the 1st

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4
Q

Chianti subzones

A

8: Classico, Rufina, Colli Senesi, Colline Pisane, Colli Fiorentini, Colli Aretini, Montalbano, Montespertoli (added in 1997)

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5
Q

DOCGs of Tuscany

A

11: Chianti, Chianti Classico, Brunello di Montalcino, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Carmignano, Montecucco Sangiovese, Morellino di Scansano, Val di Cornia Rosso, Suvereto, Vernaccia di San Gimignano, Elba Aleatico Passito

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6
Q

Major cities of Tuscany

A

Firenze, Pisa, Siena, San Gimignano, Arezzo, Montepulciano, Montalcino, Grosseto

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7
Q

Villages of Chianti Classico DOCG

A

Original 4: Greve in Chianti, Radda in Chianti, Castellina in Chianti, Gaiole in Chianti, +: Castelnuovo Berardenga, San Casciano in Val di Pesa, Tavarnelle Val di Pesa, Barberino Val d’Elsa, Poggibonsi

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8
Q

Chianti Classico soils

A

Two common soil types, galestro: soft, friable, marl-like, Sang thrives on it, & alberese: sandstone

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9
Q

Chianti Classico rules

A 
Rosso: 80-100% Sang; no white grapes allowed; min 12% abv; min 1 yr aging;                                                                              Riserva: min 12.5% abv; min 2 yrs aging, often aged in barriques but not mandated;                                     
Gran Selezione (introduced in 2013): min 13% abv; min 30 mnths aging
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10
Q

Chianti rules

A

70-100% Sang; max 10% white grapes: Trebbiano Toscano, Malvasia; max 30% other Toscana grapes; max 15% CS, CF; min 11.5% abv;
Normale: released 3/1 after harvest;
Riserva: min 2 yrs aging;
Superiore: min 12% abv, lowered yields; governo permitted

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11
Q

Tuscany climate

A

Dry, maritime-influenced climate w/ sometimes harsh winter and long, hot summers, wide variation in mesoclimate throughout; Soil structure diverse, respective to the width of the region and altitides

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12
Q

governo

A

refermentation with the juice of dried grapes, to strengthen the wine and initiate malolactic fermentation. must be indicated on labels as Governo all’uso Toscano, although most quality-minded producers avoid it

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13
Q

Chianti subzones with additional requirements beyond the basic DOC

A

The Florentine subzones of Rùfina, Montespertoli, and Colli Fiorentini require additional Aging. Colli Senesi requires min 75% Sang (instead of 70%) and max 10% CS, CF (instead of 15%)

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14
Q

Pomino

A

Tusacny DOC. Tiny appellation partially w/in Rufina, E of Florence. Red & White; permits higher % of Intern’l grapes than the Chianti DOCG; also a rangeof varietal wines

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15
Q

The First and 2nd Super Tuscans

A

Sassicaia released in 1968 by Marquis Mario Rocchetta, Tignanello released in 1971 by nephew Piero Anitnori

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16
Q

Sassacaia

A

released 1968 by Marquis Mario Rocchetta of Tenuta San Guido. The original Super Tuscan. 85% CS, 15% CF. Recieved its own DOC: Bolgheri Sassacaia

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17
Q

Tignanello

A

released in 1971 by Antinori The 2nd super tuscan. 75-85% Sang + CS, CF

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18
Q

Anitnori Super Tuscans

A

Tignanello (Sang + CS, CF), Solaia (CS + Sang + CF), Guado Al Tasso (CS + Merlot +)

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19
Q

il Blu

A

Brancaia super tuscan. 50 sang, 45 Merl, 5 CS

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20
Q

Fontalloro

A

Felsina super tuscan, 100% Sang

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21
Q

Maestro Raro

A

Felsina super tuscan, 100% CS

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22
Q

Cepparello

A

Isole e Olena super Tuscan. 100% Sang

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23
Q

Nemo

A

Monsanto super tuscan. 100% CS

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24
Q

Le Pergole Torete

A

Montevertine super Tusacn. 100% Sangioveto

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25
Q

Avvoltore

A

Moris Farms super Tuscan. Sang + CS, Syrah

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26
Q

Ornellaia

A

Tenuta dell’Ornellaia super Tuscan. bordeaux blend: CS, Merl, CF, PV

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27
Q

Masseto

A

Tenuta dell’Ornellaia super Tuscan. 100% Merlot

28
Q

Sammarco

A

Castello dei Rampolla super Tuscan. mostly CS

29
Q

Paleo Rosso

A

Le Macchiole super tuscan. 100% CF

30
Q

Messorio

A

Le Macchiole super tuscan. 100% Merlot

31
Q

Scrio

A

Le Macchiole super tuscan. 100% Syrah

32
Q

Le Macchiole super tuscans

A

Paleo Rosso (CF), Messorio (Merlot), Scrio (Syrah)

33
Q

Vigorello

A

San Felice super tuscan. 100% Sang when released in 1968 as the 1st all Sang super-tuscan. CS, Merl, PV today

34
Q

The “only monopole” in Italy

A

Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC

35
Q

Tuscany most planted white

A

Trebbiano Toscano

36
Q

Tuscany white grapes

A

Trebbiano Toscano, often blended with Malvasia. Vermentino in Bolgheri, Vernaccia in San Gimignano. Occasional Chard, SB. Less than 15% of production is white wine

37
Q

Who created the Chinati blend and what is it

A

Baron Bettino Ricasoli, outlined in an 1872 letter to Professor Cesare Studiati at the University of Pisa, mandated the inclusion of white grapes Trebbiano and Malvasia along with Sang, Colorino, Canaiolo

38
Q

Who invented the Brunello style

A

Clemente Santi of Tenuta Greppo’s Biondi-Santi, was the first to isolate the Brunello clone and bottle it alone in 1865

39
Q

What region does the Brunello DOCG overlap with? Vino Nobile?

A

Chianti DOCG subone Colli Senesi, Chianti DOCG

40
Q

Brunello grape aka

A

Sangiovese Grosso

41
Q

Montalcino soils

A

Galestro (friable, marl-like) in the higher altitudes, clay in the warmer southern reaches. fossilized marine sediment in strewn throughout the region

42
Q

Brunello di Montalcino: most important frazione

A

Sant Angelo in Colle, Castelnuovo Abate and Torrenieri

43
Q

Brunello producers

A

Traditionalists: Biondi Santi, Soldera, Talenti. Modernists: Mastrojanni, Casanova di Neri. Also: Caparzo, Altesino, Ciacci Piccolomini, Castelgiocondo, Argiano, Luce, Podere le Ripi, Palazzo, Tenuta di Sesta, Campogiavanni, Il Poggione, Uccelliera, Fuligni, Banfi, Silvio Nardi

44
Q

Chianti Classico producers

A

Radda: Volpaia, Montevertine, Val delle Corti, Castello d’Albola
Castelnouvo Berardenga: Felsina, San Felice, Rocca di Montegrossi
Greve: Querciabella, Rampolla, Villa Caffagio, Il Molino di Grace, Casaloste, Vignamaggio
Baberino val d’Elsa: Isole e Olena, Monsanto
Gaiole: Barone Ricasoli
Castellina: Castellare di Castellina, Nittardi

45
Q

Brunello di Montalcino rules

A

100% Sangiovese Grosso (Brunello); min 2 yrs in wood + 4 mnths in bottle, released 1/1 the 5th yr after harvest; Riserva: min 2yrs inwood + 6 mnths in bottle, released 1/1 the 6th yr after harvest

46
Q

Brunello Normale current release. Riserva?

A

Normale: 2014. Riserva: 2013

47
Q

Chianti Classico current release

A

Normale: 2018 released 10/1/19. Riserva: 2016 released 1/1/19. Gran Selezione: 2016 released 7/1/19

48
Q

Rosso di Monatlcino

A

Tuscany DOC. same delimted area as Brunello. 100% Sangiovese, min 1 year aging, cask aging is not required

49
Q

Sant’Antimo

A

Tuscany DOC, same delimited area as Brunello. Created in 1996; provides Montalcino producers an outlet for Super Tuscan wine. Red or white, any grapes allowed in Tuscany

50
Q

Tuscany DOCGs for Sangiovese

A

Chianti, Chianti Classico, Brunello di Montalcino, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Carmignano, Morellino di Scansano, Montecucco Sangiovese

51
Q

Vino Nobile di Montepulciano

A

Tuscanu DOCG. Min 70% Sang (Prugnolo Gentile clone), max 30% other Tuscan grapes, max 5% white grapes, min 2 yrs aging, min 1 yr in wood; Riserva: min 3 yrs aging

52
Q

Morellino di Scansano

A

Tuscany DOCG. Min 85% Sang; Riserva: min 2 yrs aging

53
Q

Montecucco Sangiovese

A

Tuscany DOCG. Min 90% Sang, min 1 yr in oak, 4mnths in btl; Riserva: min 2 yrs in oak, 6 mnths in btl

54
Q

Carmignano

A

Tuscany DOCG, directly west of Firenze, overlaps the Chianti Montalbano DOCG. Min 50% Sang, 10-20% CS, CF, max 20% Canaiolo, max 10% other white & red

55
Q

Val di Cornia Rosso

A

Tuscany DOCG, near the coast, neighbors the Bolgheri DOC, encompasses the Suvereto DOCG. Min 40% Sang, Max 60% CS, Merlot, max 20% other Tuscan grapes

56
Q

Suvereto

A

Tuscany DOCG, near the coast, w/in the Val di Cornia DOCG. Red: CS, Merlot + max 15% other Tuscan grapes; Varietal (min 85%): Sang, Merlot, CS

57
Q

Bolgheri

A

Tuscany DOC.
Red: varietal or blended CS, Merlot, CF; max 50% Syrah, max 50% Sang, max 30% other tuscan grapes,
White: max 70% Vermentino, max 40% SB, max 40% Trebb Tosc, max 30% other Tuscan grapes; varietal Vermentino, SB

58
Q

Elba Aleatico Passito

A

Tuscany DOCG. Island 12 miles of the coast. Sweet red passito made from the Aleatico grape. Only DOCG in Tuscany for sweet wines

59
Q

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

A

Tuscany DOCG, overlaps the Chianti Colli Senesi DOCG. min 85% Vernaccia. The only white wine DOCG in Tuscany

60
Q

Tuscany regions for Van Santo

A

All DOC: del Chianti (most exported Vin Santo comes from this zone), del Chianti Classico, di Carmignano, di Montepulciano

61
Q

Tuscan Vin Santo producers

A

Cappezzana makes a Vin Santo di Carmignano

62
Q

Vin Santo process

A

Appasimento process dried grape wine from Trebbiano & Malvasia; Grechetto is sometimes authorized; Occhio di Pernice: rose from Sang; Ferment slowly and aged for 3-8 years in Caratelli barrells, which are never topped off, alcohol is concentrated through evaporation. Chestnut: traditional aging, rapid oxidizing; Oak: modern aging vessel; may be dry or sweet depending on the length of drying process; may be fortified & labeled “Liquoroso.” Often served with biscotti

63
Q

Vino Nobile producers

A

Dei, Avignonesi, Santa Pia “La Bracessca”, Tenuta di Gracciano della seta, Boscarelli

64
Q

Super Tuscans that use Bolgheri DOC

A

Anitnori’s Guado Al Tasso, Ornellaia, Grattamacco (CS + Merl, Sang)

65
Q

Italy’s 1st DOCG

A

Brunello in 1980, followed later that year by Vino Nobile., Barolo and Barbaresco

Advanced Sommelier (44 decks)

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