Germany Flashcards
Nahe production, Grapes, Styles
7th in vineyard acreage. ~75% white, Riesling dominates, generally sweet, Riesling only grape allowed for VDP GL bottlings.. M-T and other crossings planted in the 60’s but on the decline now, w/ Sylvaner. red grapes Dornfelder and Spatburgunder on the rise
Nahe Geography
West of Rheinhessen, SW of Rheingau, the Hünsruck Hochwald highland forest forms its NW border w/ Mosel. Great variation in topography, geography and soils generates a wider range of wine styles, hence the nickname “The Tasting room of Germany.” The best vineyards are generally located along the course of the Nahe River (a Rhine tributary) but also some along the tributaries Gräfenbach and Guldenbach streams in the north and the Glan and Alsenz river valleys in the south
Nahe Climate
In a transitional zone between maritime and continental climatic influences. Protected from wind and weather on the north and west by wooded mountains, the region’s climate remains mild and dry—average annual rainfall is around 500 millimeters (about 20 inches), making the Nahe Germany’s driest wine growing climate. Most precipitation occurs in the summer months rather than over harvest, and frosts are rare
Nahe Beireche and subregions
Nahetal is the sole Bereiche. 3 unoffiial subzones: Upper Nahe (Martinheim and Monzingen to Schlossbockelheim), Middle Nahe (Schlossbockelheim to Bad Kreuznach) and Lower Nahe (Bad Kreuznach to Bingen)
Lower Nahe: notable villages and vineyards, producers, relative climate
From N-S: Bingen (RB, in Rheinhessen), Munster Sarmsheim, Burglayen (Home to Schlossgut Diel), Dorsheim, Laubenheim, Windesheim (along the Gludenbach), Langenlonsheim, Wallhausen and Roxheim (both along the Grafenbach. Warmer than Upper and MIddle Nahe, Rieslings are fuller more similar in style to Rheinhessen, PN performs best here
Middle Nahe: notable villages and vineyards, producers, relative climate/geo
From E-W: Bad Kreuznach, Bad Munster-Ebernburg, Traisen (Bastei vyd), Norheim (Dellchen vyd), Niederhausen (Hermannsberg and Hermannsholle vyds), Oberhausen (Brukce vyd and home of Donnhoff), Schlossbockelheim (Felsenberg and Kupfergrube vyds). . Vyds on dramatic S facing slopes on the north bank of the Nahe. proximity to the Hunsruck hills means it’s slightly cooler than lower Nahe
Upper Nahe: notable villages and vineyards, producers, relative climate/geo
From E-W: Bockenau (Felsenack vyd and home to Shafer-Frohlick), Monzingen (Fruhlingsplatzchen vyd and home to Emrich Schonleber), Martinstein. Vineyards generally planted on dramatic, south-facing slopes along the Nahe’s northern bank. In proximity to the Hunsrück hills, climate tends to be slightly cooler than in the Lower Nahe
Nahe producers
Donnhoff (Oberhausen), Schlossgut Diel (Burglayen), Shafer-Frohlich (Bockenau), Emrich Schonleber (Monzingen)
Bad Kreuznach
Nahe’s largest town and the commercial center of the region’s wine trade
Bad Munster-Ebernburg
a Nahe spa town (bad means bath) and southern suburb of Bad Kreuznach. Nahe R. turns sharply N here
Traisen
Middle Nahe. GL: Bastei
Norheim
Middle Nahe. GL: Dellchen (Donnhoff makes a GG) Riesling
Niederhausen
Middle Nahe. GL: Hermannsberg (Gut Hermannsberg Alleinbesitz), Hermannshohle (Donnhoff makes a GG and a Auslese Goldkapsel Riesling)
Oberhausen
Middle Nahe. GL: Brucke (Donnhoff Alleinbesitz)
Schlossbockelheim
Middle Nahe. GL: Felsenberg (Donhoff and Shafer-Frohlich), Kupfergrube (Shafer-Frohlich makes a GG Riesling)
Bockenau
Upper Nahe. GL: Felseneck (Shafer-Frohlich makes a range of Rieslings)
Monzingen
Upper Mosel. GL: Fruhlingsplatzchen (Emrich-Schonleber makes a GG Riesling)
Rheingau production, grapes, style
85% white, 80% Riesling, 15% red, Spatburgunder. 40% of Riesling Pradikat but trending dry: 80% less than 9 g/l
Rheingau climate
cool, continental, warmed by the Rheingau, which is wide here. provides some humidity to encourage botrytis
Rheingau Bereiche and subregions
One Bereiche: Johannisberg. Subregions: Western Rheingau (where the Rhine turns north, vineyards face west), Central Rheingau (between Wiesbaden and Rudesheim), Eastern Rheingau (along the Main R.)
Rheingau Bereiche and subregions
One Bereiche: Johannisberg. Subregions: Western Rheingau (where the Rhine turns north, vineyards face west), Central Rheingau (between Wiesbaden and Rudesheim), Maingau: (along the Main R.)
Western Rheingau: notable villages and vineyards, producers, relative climate
Lorchhausen & Lorch (Eva Fricke), Assmanhausener Hollenberg (August Kessler makes Spatburgunder). Cooler, climate more similar to MIttlerhein than Central Rheingau, purer slate soils
Central Rheingau western villages: notable villages and ortsteil
Villages: Rudesheim, Geisenheim, Johannisberg, Winkel, Oestrich, Hallgarten, Hattenheim Ortsteil: Schloss Johannisberg, Schloss Vollrads, Schloss Reichartshausen, Steinberg
Central Rheingau eastern villages: notable villages
Hattenheim, Erbach, Kiedrich, Eltville, Rauenthal, Martinsthal, Walluf, Wiesbaden
Maingau: notable villages, relative climate
Kostheim, Hochheim am Main, Florsheim. Marks the transition from the Rheinish massif to the Mainz basin; loess covered loams and marls; Along the Main River, E of the Rhein, Gentler slope, rarely > 120m, warmer
Schloss
german for castle
Kloster
german for abbey
Charta
est 1984, association in Rheingau, aimed to define and classify top vineyard sites and elevate dry Riesling. Members may list Charta on the label and/or the double arch logo. Erste Gewaches for dry Riesling and Spatburgunder from select sites legally recognized in Rheingau for the 1999 vintage, based on an 1867 Rheingau map, represented the first site-based quality hierarchy accepted into law in the wake of the 1971 legislation. Any grower who adheres to the guidelines and has shares in the land is permitted to use the Erste Gewaches labeling, which ends up covering 1/3 of the acreage in the Rheingau.
Assmannshausen
Western Rheingau known for Spatburgunder. GL: Hollenberg (August Kessler)
Rudesheim
Central Rheingau. GL: Berg Schlossberg (steepest slopes in Rheingau @ 70%), Berg Roseneck, Berg Rottland. Producers: Georg Breuer, Josef Leitz, Schloss Schonborn
Geisenheim
Central Rheingau, home to Germany’s top enological school and grape-breeding institute
Schloss Johannisberg
Central Rheingau Ortsteil. Founded by Benedictine monks in the early 1100’s, the oldest Riesling estate in the world, created the 1st spatlese in 1770 and the 1st Eiswein in 1858. among the first producers in Germany to introduce glass bottles, in the early 1700s. Under corporate ownership today
Johannisberg
Central Rheingau. GL: Holle, hillside vineyards
Winkel
Central Rheingau. GL: Jesuitengarten (another in Forst), Hasensprung
Schloss Vollrads
Central Rheingau Ortsteil in Winkel. at 3 ha, granted an acreage exemption to the 1971 wine law.
Oestrich
Central Rheingau. GL: Lenchen, Doosberg. Producers: Josef Spreitzer, Jakob Kuhn
Hallgarten
Central Rheingau hillside village. GL: Jungfer, Schonhell
Schloss Reichartshausen
Central Rheingau Ortsteil in Hattenheim.
Steinberg
Central Rheingau Ortsteil in Hattenheim. alleinbesitz of Kloster Eberbach.
Hattenheim
Central Rheingau. GL: Pfaffenberg (Schloss Schonborn alleinbesitz), Mannberg (mostly owned of Langwerth von Simmern)
Kiedrich
Central Rheingau hillside village. GL: Grafenberg (Robert Weil)
Erbach
Central Rheingau. GL: Marcobrunn (Schloss Schonborn, von Simmern)
Eltville am Rhein
Central Rheingau. GL: Sonnenberg
Hochheim am Main
Maingau, Rheingau. GL: Holle, Kirchenstuck (a more famouf Kirchenstuck in Forst). Producers: Franz Kunstler
German Pradikat ripeness ranges
Kab: 70-85 Spat: 76-95 Aus: 83-105 BA/Eis: 110-128 TBA: 150-154
Mosel Riesling pradikat min ripeness
Kab: 73 Spat: 80 Aus: 88 BA/Eis: 110 TBA: 150
Rheinhessen Riesling pradikat min ripeness
Kab: 73 Spat: 85 Aus: 92 BA/Eis: 120 TBA: 150
Nahe Riesling pradikat min ripeness
Kab: 73 Spat: 87 Aus: 95 BA/Eis: 120 TBA: 150
Pfalz Riesling pradikat min ripeness
Kab: 73 Spat: 90 Aus: 100 BA/Eis: 120 TBA: 150
Rheingau Riesling pradikat min ripeness
Kab: 75 Spat: 85 Aus: 100 BA/Eis: 125 TBA: 150
Mosel climate
One of Germany’s coolest climates for wine growing, crossing the 50th parallel. Avg annual temp = 10° C (50° F), Avg growing season ~ 100 days, extended by 40-50 days at the best sites. Moderating effects of the river, vineyard aspect and orientation, altitude, and wind exposure are all crucial factors here. Warmest and best sites face S or SW at lower elevations with greater wind protection and are closer to the river which mitigates the danger of spring frost and encourages fall fog for botrytis
Mosel soils
Thin, sandy topsoil covered with broken tiles of Devonian blue slate. Tiles are carried up the slope and strewn throughout the vineyard year after year. Dark blue slate provides erosion protection as well as heat retention and beneficial drainage which helps spread ripening in the cold, wet climate. The slate is acidic, extremely weathered and nutrient poor leading to nitrogen deficient must and low ph wine and thus sulfur derived aromas that combine with high acidity to exhibit token “minerality.” Certain parts of the Mosel, however, especially around Erden and Ürzig, are characterized instead by iron-rich Devonian red slate.
Mosel Geography
The Mosel begins in the Vosges Mtns of France in the Moselle AOP. It travels NE exiting France and briefly serves as the border between Germany and Luxembourg at the Obermosel. It then continues NE in a winding fashion before converging with the Rhine R. at the city of Koblenz. The Mosel is 545 km total, over 200 km of which reside in Germany. It is the longest tributary of the Rhine. Mosel river valley is a gorge between the Hunsruck hills (SE) and the Eifel Mtns (NW)
Mosel viticulture
The banks of the Mosel rise at precipitously steep angles, often 50-80% and up to 100% or higher. Cables and pulleys are req’d in some areas to move machinery. The upright, wireless single-post system, unique to Mosel, was traditionally employed to aide traversing vineyard workers. The system uses either a vertical cordon or two canes wrapped in a heart shaped bow. It requires leaf removal to improve airflow and reduce botrytis which increases sun exposure => TDN based flavors (petrol). Wire trellises appeared in the 1900’s and single-post has lost ground
When and where, 1st winemaking in Germany
The Romans founded the city of Trier in the Mosel in 16 BCE. Viticulture flourished here in the 3rd century after Probus lifted the imperial prohibition on winegrowing in Rome’s provinces
Mosel grapes, production
91% white, mostly Riesling, Elbing a specialty of the Obermosel. M-T, PN
Mosel Bereiche
Burg Cochem (Lower Mosel), Bernkastel (Middle Mosel), Ruwertal, Saar, Obermosel, Moseltor
Burg Cochem: villages, relative climate, producers
Steeper, slopes over 70%, some old roman terraces still exists (lending the aka Terrassenmosel) but most leveled during flubereinigung. Villages: Zell, Cochem, Hatzenport, Winningen (Heyman-Lowenstein)
Bernkastel: villages
3/4 of the Mosel’s acreage here. Punderich, Traben-Trarbach, Erden, Urzig, Zeltingen, Wehlen, Graach an der Mosel, Bernkastel-Kues, Brauneberg, Piesport, Dhron, Trittenheim, Leiwen, Trier
Ruwertal: villages, relative climate, producers
slightly cooler, similar slate soils to Middlemosel. Ruwer, Eitelsbach (Karthauserhof), Mertesdorf. Ortsteil: Maximin Grunhauser: Abtsberg, Herrenberg, Bruderberg (alleinbesitz of von Schubert)
Saar: villages, relative climate, producers
Distinctly cooler (river runs north, most vineyards do not line the river so they may face south). Rieslings more austere. Villages: Konz, Kanzem (von Hovel), Wiltingen (Egon Muller), Ockfen, Saarburg (Forstmeister Geltz-Ziliken), Serrig
Obermosel:
Mosel bereich. right bank of the Mosel along the Luxembourg border. Part of the Paris basin, calcareous soil instead of slate. Ancient white grape Elbing a specialty here for simple fruity wines and sparkling
Moseltor
Mosel Bereich. A continuation of the Obermosel but a separate Bereiche as it crosses state lines. 3 villages, only a handful of vineyards
Winningen
Burg Cochem, LB, slopes exceed 100%. GL: Uhlen (Lieux-dits: Blaufusser Lay, Laubach, Roth Lay), Rottgen. Producers: Heymann-Lowenstein, Knebel
Erden
Middlemosel. RB, red slate. GL: Pralat, Treppchen
Urzig
Middlemosel, LB, red slate. GL: Wurzgarten
Zeltingen
Middlemosel, RB. GL: Sonnenuhr. Producers: Selbach Oster
Wehlen
Middlemosel, LB. GL: Sonnenuhr. Producers: JJ Prum
Graach an der Mosel
Middlemosel, RB. GL: Himmelreich, Domprobst, Josefshofer (Reichsgraff von Kesselstatt alleinbesitz)
Bernkastel-Kues
Middlemosel, city LB, vyds RB. GL: Doctor, Lay, Graben. Producers: Dr. Loosen, Sr. Thanisch
Brauneberg
Middlemosel, city RB, vyds LB. GL: Juffer, Juffer-Sonnenuhr. Producers: Fritz Haag
Piesport
Middlemosel, LB. GL: Goldtropchen, Domherr, Grafenberg. Producers: Reinhold Haart
Trittenheim
Middlemosel, city LB, vyds RB. GL: Apotheke. Producers: Ansgar Clusserath
Punderich
Middelmosel. GL: Marienburg, Nonnengarten. Producers: Clemens-Busch
Dhron
Middlemosel. GL: Hofberger
Lieser
Middelmosel. GL: Niederberg Heldon. producers: Schloss Lieser
Eitelsbach
Ruwertal. GL: Karthauserhofberg (Karthauserhof alleinbesitz)
Mertesdorf
Ruwertal. Ortsteil: Maximin Grunhaus estate and 3 vyds Abtsberg, Herrenberg, Brunderberg, alleinbesitz of von Schubert
Kanzem
Saar. GL: Horecker (von Hovel alleinbesitz), Altenberg
Wiltingen
Saar. GL: Scharzhofberger. producers: Egon Muller, von Kesselstatt
Ockfen
Saar. GL: Bockstein
Saarburg
Saar. GL: Rausch (Forstmeister Gelts-Zilliken)
Rheinhessen grapes and production
Germany’s largest wine producer, 1/4 of the country’s vine acreage. Riesling surpassed M-T as most planted grape in 2013 (the last Anbaugebiete to unseat M-T). Dry Silvaner a regional specialty; most planted here in the world (even Franken). Scheurebe originally bred in Alzey; experiencing a domestic resurgence. PN, PG, PB are up & coming. M-T, crossings, bulk wine, lower quality semisweet QbA wines still large % of production; Liebraumilch, Blue Nun
Rheinhessen climate and soil
A large area with great diversity in mesoclimates and soils and thus no singular Rheinhessen wine style (unlike Mosel, Rheingau).Generally cooler, especially in central sites far from the Rhine
Rheinhessen geography
50 km long along the Rhine from Worms to Mainz (capital of Rheinland-Pfalz) and 30 km wide
Rheinhessen Bereich
Bingen, Nierstein, Wonnegau
Bingen: villages, producers
Inland, far from the Rhine influence. Villages: Bingen, Ingleheim, Appenheim, Siefersheim (Wagner-Stempel)
Siefersheim
Bingen Rheinhessen. GL: Heerkretz, Hollberg. Producers: Wagner-Stempel
Nierstein: villages, climate
aka Rheinterrase. Along the LB of the Rhine from Mainz to Dienheim, protected from frost and wind. Villages: Bodenheim, Nackenheim, Nierstein, Dienheim
Bodenheim
Nierstein Rheinhessen. Grosslage: Gutes Domtal. Producers: Kuhling-Gillot
Nackenheim
Nierstein Rheinhessen. GL: Rothenberg (Gunderloch owns 3/4)
Nierstein
name for the both the famed Rheinhessen vyd and bereiche. GL: Pettenthal, Hipping
Roter Hang
“Red Hill” Slim, E-facing slope on the LB of the Rhine between Nackenheim and Nierstein spanning 180 ha. Slope grades reach 70-80%, clay and weathered sandstone soils, protected from wind and frost. home to Pettenthal and Rothenberg. Historically associated with quality wine in Rheinhessen. Rieslings here fetched Rheingau prices in the 1800’s and a Niersteiner Riesling was the most expensive wine on the Titanic
Wonnegau: geography, climate
SE corner of Rheinhessen surrounding Worms, Undulating fields rather than dramatic slopes; far from the Rhine’s influence; region less suited for quality wines in the cooler decades of the past. Loess soils, limestone plateaus and low valleys; treeless expanses
Wonnegau: villages, producers
GL: Westhofen (Philipp Wittmann), Dalsheim (Keller), Molsheim, Hohen-Sulzen, Worms
Westhofen
Wonnegau, Rheinhessen. GL: Aulerde, Kirschspiel, Brunnenhauschen, Morstein. Producers: Philipp Wittman
Dalsheim
Wonnegau, Rheinhessen. GL: Burgel, Hubacker. Producers: Klaus-Peter Keller
G-Max
Klaus-Peter Keller. The most expensive dry Riesling in Germany sourced from a number of undisclosed GL vineyards in the Wonnegau. Inaugural vintage: 2001
Pfalz grapes, production
Germany’s 2nd largest wine producer after Rheinhessen, 1/4 of the country’s vine acreage. World’s largest acreage of Riesling (more than Alsace, Austria, Australia or the US). Most Riesling is dry. Other varieties widely planted here as well (unlike the Mosel & Rheingau).
grapes allowed for VDP GL bottlings in Pfalz
Riesling, PN, PB
Pfalz geography
Rheinhessen lies to the north, Alsace to the south. The Rhine R lies to the east. Best vineyard sites E-facing, sit mid slope on the forest capped Haardt Hills, a continuation of Alsace’s Vosges Mountains, which lie to the west, reaching heights of 500-600 meters
Pfalz climate and soils
warm and sunny and dry compared to more Northerly regions. soils are extremely varied and complex, with layers of red sandstone, calcium-based limestone, loess, red slate, basalt, igneous granite and alluvial gravel.
Pfalz Bereich
Mittelhaardt-Deutsche Weinstrasse, Südliche Weinstrasse
Mittelhaardt-Deutsche Weinstrasse major villages
Laumersheim, Kallstadt, Ungstein, Bad Durkheim, Wachenheim, Forst, Deidesheim, Ruppertsberg, Konigsbach, Gimmeldingen, Haardt
Südliche Weinstrasse major villages, relative climate
Warm and sunny. Exposures more varied, best vineyards are often steeper than Mittelhaardt. Wine growing villages are tucked into the hills rather than aligned neatly at their flank. Villages: Siebeldingen, Birkweiler, Schweigen
Laumersheim
Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. Producers: Knipser, Philipp Kuhn
Kallstadt
Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. GL: Saumagen. Producers: Koehler-Ruprecht
Ungstein
Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. GL: Weilberg, Herrenberg
Bad Durkheim
Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. GL: Spielberg, Michelsberg, Abtsfronhof. Producers: Pfeffingen - Fuhrmann-Eymael
Wachenheim
Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. Producers: Burklin-Wolf
Forst
Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. GL: Pechstein, Jesuitnengarten, Kirschenstuck (acreage exemption), Freundstuck (acreage exemption), Ungeheuer. Producers: Georg Mosbacher
Deidesheim
Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. GL: Kieselberg, Langenmorgen, Hohenmorgen. Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. Producers: Basserman-Jordan, von Winning
Ruppertsberg
Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. GL: Reiterpfad, Gaisbohl (Burklin-Wolf alleinbesitz)
Konigsbach
Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. GL: Idig
Gimmeldingen
Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. GL: Mandelgarten. Producers: A Christmann
Haardt
Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. Producers: Muller-Catoir
Siebeldingen
Sudliche-Weinstrasse, Pfalz. GL: Im Sonnenschein. Some of Germany’s best PN & PG. Producers Okonomeirat Rebholz
Birkweiler
Sudliche-Weinstrasse, Pfalz. GL: Kastanienbusch. Producers: Dr. Wehrheim
Schweigen
Sudliche-Weinstrasse, Pfalz. GL: Sonnenberg. Producers: Friedrich Becker