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Germany Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Nahe production, Grapes, Styles

A

7th in vineyard acreage. ~75% white, Riesling dominates, generally sweet, Riesling only grape allowed for VDP GL bottlings.. M-T and other crossings planted in the 60’s but on the decline now, w/ Sylvaner. red grapes Dornfelder and Spatburgunder on the rise

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2
Q

Nahe Geography

A

West of Rheinhessen, SW of Rheingau, the Hünsruck Hochwald highland forest forms its NW border w/ Mosel. Great variation in topography, geography and soils generates a wider range of wine styles, hence the nickname “The Tasting room of Germany.” The best vineyards are generally located along the course of the Nahe River (a Rhine tributary) but also some along the tributaries Gräfenbach and Guldenbach streams in the north and the Glan and Alsenz river valleys in the south

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3
Q

Nahe Climate

A

In a transitional zone between maritime and continental climatic influences. Protected from wind and weather on the north and west by wooded mountains, the region’s climate remains mild and dry—average annual rainfall is around 500 millimeters (about 20 inches), making the Nahe Germany’s driest wine growing climate. Most precipitation occurs in the summer months rather than over harvest, and frosts are rare

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4
Q

Nahe Beireche and subregions

A

Nahetal is the sole Bereiche. 3 unoffiial subzones: Upper Nahe (Martinheim and Monzingen to Schlossbockelheim), Middle Nahe (Schlossbockelheim to Bad Kreuznach) and Lower Nahe (Bad Kreuznach to Bingen)

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5
Q

Lower Nahe: notable villages and vineyards, producers, relative climate

A

From N-S: Bingen (RB, in Rheinhessen), Munster Sarmsheim, Burglayen (Home to Schlossgut Diel), Dorsheim, Laubenheim, Windesheim (along the Gludenbach), Langenlonsheim, Wallhausen and Roxheim (both along the Grafenbach. Warmer than Upper and MIddle Nahe, Rieslings are fuller more similar in style to Rheinhessen, PN performs best here

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6
Q

Middle Nahe: notable villages and vineyards, producers, relative climate/geo

A

From E-W: Bad Kreuznach, Bad Munster-Ebernburg, Traisen (Bastei vyd), Norheim (Dellchen vyd), Niederhausen (Hermannsberg and Hermannsholle vyds), Oberhausen (Brukce vyd and home of Donnhoff), Schlossbockelheim (Felsenberg and Kupfergrube vyds). . Vyds on dramatic S facing slopes on the north bank of the Nahe. proximity to the Hunsruck hills means it’s slightly cooler than lower Nahe

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7
Q

Upper Nahe: notable villages and vineyards, producers, relative climate/geo

A

From E-W: Bockenau (Felsenack vyd and home to Shafer-Frohlick), Monzingen (Fruhlingsplatzchen vyd and home to Emrich Schonleber), Martinstein. Vineyards generally planted on dramatic, south-facing slopes along the Nahe’s northern bank. In proximity to the Hunsrück hills, climate tends to be slightly cooler than in the Lower Nahe

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8
Q

Nahe producers

A

Donnhoff (Oberhausen), Schlossgut Diel (Burglayen), Shafer-Frohlich (Bockenau), Emrich Schonleber (Monzingen)

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9
Q

Bad Kreuznach

A

Nahe’s largest town and the commercial center of the region’s wine trade

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10
Q

Bad Munster-Ebernburg

A

a Nahe spa town (bad means bath) and southern suburb of Bad Kreuznach. Nahe R. turns sharply N here

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11
Q

Traisen

A

Middle Nahe. GL: Bastei

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12
Q

Norheim

A

Middle Nahe. GL: Dellchen (Donnhoff makes a GG) Riesling

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13
Q

Niederhausen

A

Middle Nahe. GL: Hermannsberg (Gut Hermannsberg Alleinbesitz), Hermannshohle (Donnhoff makes a GG and a Auslese Goldkapsel Riesling)

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14
Q

Oberhausen

A

Middle Nahe. GL: Brucke (Donnhoff Alleinbesitz)

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15
Q

Schlossbockelheim

A

Middle Nahe. GL: Felsenberg (Donhoff and Shafer-Frohlich), Kupfergrube (Shafer-Frohlich makes a GG Riesling)

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16
Q

Bockenau

A

Upper Nahe. GL: Felseneck (Shafer-Frohlich makes a range of Rieslings)

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17
Q

Monzingen

A

Upper Mosel. GL: Fruhlingsplatzchen (Emrich-Schonleber makes a GG Riesling)

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18
Q

Rheingau production, grapes, style

A

85% white, 80% Riesling, 15% red, Spatburgunder. 40% of Riesling Pradikat but trending dry: 80% less than 9 g/l

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19
Q

Rheingau climate

A

cool, continental, warmed by the Rheingau, which is wide here. provides some humidity to encourage botrytis

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20
Q

Rheingau Bereiche and subregions

A

One Bereiche: Johannisberg. Subregions: Western Rheingau (where the Rhine turns north, vineyards face west), Central Rheingau (between Wiesbaden and Rudesheim), Eastern Rheingau (along the Main R.)

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21
Q

Rheingau Bereiche and subregions

A

One Bereiche: Johannisberg. Subregions: Western Rheingau (where the Rhine turns north, vineyards face west), Central Rheingau (between Wiesbaden and Rudesheim), Maingau: (along the Main R.)

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22
Q

Western Rheingau: notable villages and vineyards, producers, relative climate

A

Lorchhausen & Lorch (Eva Fricke), Assmanhausener Hollenberg (August Kessler makes Spatburgunder). Cooler, climate more similar to MIttlerhein than Central Rheingau, purer slate soils

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23
Q

Central Rheingau western villages: notable villages and ortsteil

A

Villages: Rudesheim, Geisenheim, Johannisberg, Winkel, Oestrich, Hallgarten, Hattenheim Ortsteil: Schloss Johannisberg, Schloss Vollrads, Schloss Reichartshausen, Steinberg

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24
Q

Central Rheingau eastern villages: notable villages

A

Hattenheim, Erbach, Kiedrich, Eltville, Rauenthal, Martinsthal, Walluf, Wiesbaden

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25
Q

Maingau: notable villages, relative climate

A

Kostheim, Hochheim am Main, Florsheim. Marks the transition from the Rheinish massif to the Mainz basin; loess covered loams and marls; Along the Main River, E of the Rhein, Gentler slope, rarely > 120m, warmer

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26
Q

Schloss

A

german for castle

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27
Q

Kloster

A

german for abbey

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28
Q

Charta

A

est 1984, association in Rheingau, aimed to define and classify top vineyard sites and elevate dry Riesling. Members may list Charta on the label and/or the double arch logo. Erste Gewaches for dry Riesling and Spatburgunder from select sites legally recognized in Rheingau for the 1999 vintage, based on an 1867 Rheingau map, represented the first site-based quality hierarchy accepted into law in the wake of the 1971 legislation. Any grower who adheres to the guidelines and has shares in the land is permitted to use the Erste Gewaches labeling, which ends up covering 1/3 of the acreage in the Rheingau.

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29
Q

Assmannshausen

A

Western Rheingau known for Spatburgunder. GL: Hollenberg (August Kessler)

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30
Q

Rudesheim

A

Central Rheingau. GL: Berg Schlossberg (steepest slopes in Rheingau @ 70%), Berg Roseneck, Berg Rottland. Producers: Georg Breuer, Josef Leitz, Schloss Schonborn

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31
Q

Geisenheim

A

Central Rheingau, home to Germany’s top enological school and grape-breeding institute

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32
Q

Schloss Johannisberg

A

Central Rheingau Ortsteil. Founded by Benedictine monks in the early 1100’s, the oldest Riesling estate in the world, created the 1st spatlese in 1770 and the 1st Eiswein in 1858. among the first producers in Germany to introduce glass bottles, in the early 1700s. Under corporate ownership today

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33
Q

Johannisberg

A

Central Rheingau. GL: Holle, hillside vineyards

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34
Q

Winkel

A

Central Rheingau. GL: Jesuitengarten (another in Forst), Hasensprung

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35
Q

Schloss Vollrads

A

Central Rheingau Ortsteil in Winkel. at 3 ha, granted an acreage exemption to the 1971 wine law.

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36
Q

Oestrich

A

Central Rheingau. GL: Lenchen, Doosberg. Producers: Josef Spreitzer, Jakob Kuhn

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37
Q

Hallgarten

A

Central Rheingau hillside village. GL: Jungfer, Schonhell

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38
Q

Schloss Reichartshausen

A

Central Rheingau Ortsteil in Hattenheim.

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39
Q

Steinberg

A

Central Rheingau Ortsteil in Hattenheim. alleinbesitz of Kloster Eberbach.

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40
Q

Hattenheim

A

Central Rheingau. GL: Pfaffenberg (Schloss Schonborn alleinbesitz), Mannberg (mostly owned of Langwerth von Simmern)

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41
Q

Kiedrich

A

Central Rheingau hillside village. GL: Grafenberg (Robert Weil)

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42
Q

Erbach

A

Central Rheingau. GL: Marcobrunn (Schloss Schonborn, von Simmern)

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43
Q

Eltville am Rhein

A

Central Rheingau. GL: Sonnenberg

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44
Q

Hochheim am Main

A

Maingau, Rheingau. GL: Holle, Kirchenstuck (a more famouf Kirchenstuck in Forst). Producers: Franz Kunstler

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45
Q

German Pradikat ripeness ranges

A 
Kab: 70-85
Spat: 76-95
Aus: 83-105
BA/Eis: 110-128
TBA: 150-154
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46
Q

Mosel Riesling pradikat min ripeness

A 
Kab: 73
Spat: 80 
Aus: 88
BA/Eis: 110
TBA: 150
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47
Q

Rheinhessen Riesling pradikat min ripeness

A 
Kab: 73
Spat: 85
Aus: 92
BA/Eis: 120
TBA: 150
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48
Q

Nahe Riesling pradikat min ripeness

A 
Kab: 73
Spat: 87
Aus: 95
BA/Eis: 120
TBA: 150
49
Q

Pfalz Riesling pradikat min ripeness

A 
Kab: 73
Spat: 90
Aus: 100
BA/Eis: 120
TBA: 150
50
Q

Rheingau Riesling pradikat min ripeness

A 
Kab: 75
Spat: 85
Aus: 100
BA/Eis: 125
TBA: 150
51
Q

Mosel climate

A

One of Germany’s coolest climates for wine growing, crossing the 50th parallel. Avg annual temp = 10° C (50° F), Avg growing season ~ 100 days, extended by 40-50 days at the best sites. Moderating effects of the river, vineyard aspect and orientation, altitude, and wind exposure are all crucial factors here. Warmest and best sites face S or SW at lower elevations with greater wind protection and are closer to the river which mitigates the danger of spring frost and encourages fall fog for botrytis

52
Q

Mosel soils

A

Thin, sandy topsoil covered with broken tiles of Devonian blue slate. Tiles are carried up the slope and strewn throughout the vineyard year after year. Dark blue slate provides erosion protection as well as heat retention and beneficial drainage which helps spread ripening in the cold, wet climate. The slate is acidic, extremely weathered and nutrient poor leading to nitrogen deficient must and low ph wine and thus sulfur derived aromas that combine with high acidity to exhibit token “minerality.” Certain parts of the Mosel, however, especially around Erden and Ürzig, are characterized instead by iron-rich Devonian red slate.

53
Q

Mosel Geography

A

The Mosel begins in the Vosges Mtns of France in the Moselle AOP. It travels NE exiting France and briefly serves as the border between Germany and Luxembourg at the Obermosel. It then continues NE in a winding fashion before converging with the Rhine R. at the city of Koblenz. The Mosel is 545 km total, over 200 km of which reside in Germany. It is the longest tributary of the Rhine. Mosel river valley is a gorge between the Hunsruck hills (SE) and the Eifel Mtns (NW)

54
Q

Mosel viticulture

A

The banks of the Mosel rise at precipitously steep angles, often 50-80% and up to 100% or higher. Cables and pulleys are req’d in some areas to move machinery. The upright, wireless single-post system, unique to Mosel, was traditionally employed to aide traversing vineyard workers. The system uses either a vertical cordon or two canes wrapped in a heart shaped bow. It requires leaf removal to improve airflow and reduce botrytis which increases sun exposure => TDN based flavors (petrol). Wire trellises appeared in the 1900’s and single-post has lost ground

55
Q

When and where, 1st winemaking in Germany

A

The Romans founded the city of Trier in the Mosel in 16 BCE. Viticulture flourished here in the 3rd century after Probus lifted the imperial prohibition on winegrowing in Rome’s provinces

56
Q

Mosel grapes, production

A

91% white, mostly Riesling, Elbing a specialty of the Obermosel. M-T, PN

57
Q

Mosel Bereiche

A

Burg Cochem (Lower Mosel), Bernkastel (Middle Mosel), Ruwertal, Saar, Obermosel, Moseltor

58
Q

Burg Cochem: villages, relative climate, producers

A

Steeper, slopes over 70%, some old roman terraces still exists (lending the aka Terrassenmosel) but most leveled during flubereinigung. Villages: Zell, Cochem, Hatzenport, Winningen (Heyman-Lowenstein)

59
Q

Bernkastel: villages

A

3/4 of the Mosel’s acreage here. Punderich, Traben-Trarbach, Erden, Urzig, Zeltingen, Wehlen, Graach an der Mosel, Bernkastel-Kues, Brauneberg, Piesport, Dhron, Trittenheim, Leiwen, Trier

60
Q

Ruwertal: villages, relative climate, producers

A

slightly cooler, similar slate soils to Middlemosel. Ruwer, Eitelsbach (Karthauserhof), Mertesdorf. Ortsteil: Maximin Grunhauser: Abtsberg, Herrenberg, Bruderberg (alleinbesitz of von Schubert)

61
Q

Saar: villages, relative climate, producers

A

Distinctly cooler (river runs north, most vineyards do not line the river so they may face south). Rieslings more austere. Villages: Konz, Kanzem (von Hovel), Wiltingen (Egon Muller), Ockfen, Saarburg (Forstmeister Geltz-Ziliken), Serrig

62
Q

Obermosel:

A

Mosel bereich. right bank of the Mosel along the Luxembourg border. Part of the Paris basin, calcareous soil instead of slate. Ancient white grape Elbing a specialty here for simple fruity wines and sparkling

63
Q

Moseltor

A

Mosel Bereich. A continuation of the Obermosel but a separate Bereiche as it crosses state lines. 3 villages, only a handful of vineyards

64
Q

Winningen

A

Burg Cochem, LB, slopes exceed 100%. GL: Uhlen (Lieux-dits: Blaufusser Lay, Laubach, Roth Lay), Rottgen. Producers: Heymann-Lowenstein, Knebel

65
Q

Erden

A

Middlemosel. RB, red slate. GL: Pralat, Treppchen

66
Q

Urzig

A

Middlemosel, LB, red slate. GL: Wurzgarten

67
Q

Zeltingen

A

Middlemosel, RB. GL: Sonnenuhr. Producers: Selbach Oster

68
Q

Wehlen

A

Middlemosel, LB. GL: Sonnenuhr. Producers: JJ Prum

69
Q

Graach an der Mosel

A

Middlemosel, RB. GL: Himmelreich, Domprobst, Josefshofer (Reichsgraff von Kesselstatt alleinbesitz)

70
Q

Bernkastel-Kues

A

Middlemosel, city LB, vyds RB. GL: Doctor, Lay, Graben. Producers: Dr. Loosen, Sr. Thanisch

71
Q

Brauneberg

A

Middlemosel, city RB, vyds LB. GL: Juffer, Juffer-Sonnenuhr. Producers: Fritz Haag

72
Q

Piesport

A

Middlemosel, LB. GL: Goldtropchen, Domherr, Grafenberg. Producers: Reinhold Haart

73
Q

Trittenheim

A

Middlemosel, city LB, vyds RB. GL: Apotheke. Producers: Ansgar Clusserath

74
Q

Punderich

A

Middelmosel. GL: Marienburg, Nonnengarten. Producers: Clemens-Busch

75
Q

Dhron

A

Middlemosel. GL: Hofberger

76
Q

Lieser

A

Middelmosel. GL: Niederberg Heldon. producers: Schloss Lieser

77
Q

Eitelsbach

A

Ruwertal. GL: Karthauserhofberg (Karthauserhof alleinbesitz)

78
Q

Mertesdorf

A

Ruwertal. Ortsteil: Maximin Grunhaus estate and 3 vyds Abtsberg, Herrenberg, Brunderberg, alleinbesitz of von Schubert

79
Q

Kanzem

A

Saar. GL: Horecker (von Hovel alleinbesitz), Altenberg

80
Q

Wiltingen

A

Saar. GL: Scharzhofberger. producers: Egon Muller, von Kesselstatt

81
Q

Ockfen

A

Saar. GL: Bockstein

82
Q

Saarburg

A

Saar. GL: Rausch (Forstmeister Gelts-Zilliken)

83
Q

Rheinhessen grapes and production

A

Germany’s largest wine producer, 1/4 of the country’s vine acreage. Riesling surpassed M-T as most planted grape in 2013 (the last Anbaugebiete to unseat M-T). Dry Silvaner a regional specialty; most planted here in the world (even Franken). Scheurebe originally bred in Alzey; experiencing a domestic resurgence. PN, PG, PB are up & coming. M-T, crossings, bulk wine, lower quality semisweet QbA wines still large % of production; Liebraumilch, Blue Nun

84
Q

Rheinhessen climate and soil

A

A large area with great diversity in mesoclimates and soils and thus no singular Rheinhessen wine style (unlike Mosel, Rheingau).Generally cooler, especially in central sites far from the Rhine

85
Q

Rheinhessen geography

A

50 km long along the Rhine from Worms to Mainz (capital of Rheinland-Pfalz) and 30 km wide

86
Q

Rheinhessen Bereich

A

Bingen, Nierstein, Wonnegau

87
Q

Bingen: villages, producers

A

Inland, far from the Rhine influence. Villages: Bingen, Ingleheim, Appenheim, Siefersheim (Wagner-Stempel)

88
Q

Siefersheim

A

Bingen Rheinhessen. GL: Heerkretz, Hollberg. Producers: Wagner-Stempel

89
Q

Nierstein: villages, climate

A

aka Rheinterrase. Along the LB of the Rhine from Mainz to Dienheim, protected from frost and wind. Villages: Bodenheim, Nackenheim, Nierstein, Dienheim

90
Q

Bodenheim

A

Nierstein Rheinhessen. Grosslage: Gutes Domtal. Producers: Kuhling-Gillot

91
Q

Nackenheim

A

Nierstein Rheinhessen. GL: Rothenberg (Gunderloch owns 3/4)

92
Q

Nierstein

A

name for the both the famed Rheinhessen vyd and bereiche. GL: Pettenthal, Hipping

93
Q

Roter Hang

A

“Red Hill” Slim, E-facing slope on the LB of the Rhine between Nackenheim and Nierstein spanning 180 ha. Slope grades reach 70-80%, clay and weathered sandstone soils, protected from wind and frost. home to Pettenthal and Rothenberg. Historically associated with quality wine in Rheinhessen. Rieslings here fetched Rheingau prices in the 1800’s and a Niersteiner Riesling was the most expensive wine on the Titanic

94
Q

Wonnegau: geography, climate

A

SE corner of Rheinhessen surrounding Worms, Undulating fields rather than dramatic slopes; far from the Rhine’s influence; region less suited for quality wines in the cooler decades of the past. Loess soils, limestone plateaus and low valleys; treeless expanses

95
Q

Wonnegau: villages, producers

A

GL: Westhofen (Philipp Wittmann), Dalsheim (Keller), Molsheim, Hohen-Sulzen, Worms

96
Q

Westhofen

A

Wonnegau, Rheinhessen. GL: Aulerde, Kirschspiel, Brunnenhauschen, Morstein. Producers: Philipp Wittman

97
Q

Dalsheim

A

Wonnegau, Rheinhessen. GL: Burgel, Hubacker. Producers: Klaus-Peter Keller

98
Q

G-Max

A

Klaus-Peter Keller. The most expensive dry Riesling in Germany sourced from a number of undisclosed GL vineyards in the Wonnegau. Inaugural vintage: 2001

99
Q

Pfalz grapes, production

A

Germany’s 2nd largest wine producer after Rheinhessen, 1/4 of the country’s vine acreage. World’s largest acreage of Riesling (more than Alsace, Austria, Australia or the US). Most Riesling is dry. Other varieties widely planted here as well (unlike the Mosel & Rheingau).

100
Q

grapes allowed for VDP GL bottlings in Pfalz

A

Riesling, PN, PB

101
Q

Pfalz geography

A

Rheinhessen lies to the north, Alsace to the south. The Rhine R lies to the east. Best vineyard sites E-facing, sit mid slope on the forest capped Haardt Hills, a continuation of Alsace’s Vosges Mountains, which lie to the west, reaching heights of 500-600 meters

102
Q

Pfalz climate and soils

A

warm and sunny and dry compared to more Northerly regions. soils are extremely varied and complex, with layers of red sandstone, calcium-based limestone, loess, red slate, basalt, igneous granite and alluvial gravel.

103
Q

Pfalz Bereich

A

Mittelhaardt-Deutsche Weinstrasse, Südliche Weinstrasse

104
Q

Mittelhaardt-Deutsche Weinstrasse major villages

A

Laumersheim, Kallstadt, Ungstein, Bad Durkheim, Wachenheim, Forst, Deidesheim, Ruppertsberg, Konigsbach, Gimmeldingen, Haardt

105
Q

Südliche Weinstrasse major villages, relative climate

A

Warm and sunny. Exposures more varied, best vineyards are often steeper than Mittelhaardt. Wine growing villages are tucked into the hills rather than aligned neatly at their flank. Villages: Siebeldingen, Birkweiler, Schweigen

106
Q

Laumersheim

A

Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. Producers: Knipser, Philipp Kuhn

107
Q

Kallstadt

A

Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. GL: Saumagen. Producers: Koehler-Ruprecht

108
Q

Ungstein

A

Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. GL: Weilberg, Herrenberg

109
Q

Bad Durkheim

A

Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. GL: Spielberg, Michelsberg, Abtsfronhof. Producers: Pfeffingen - Fuhrmann-Eymael

110
Q

Wachenheim

A

Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. Producers: Burklin-Wolf

111
Q

Forst

A

Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. GL: Pechstein, Jesuitnengarten, Kirschenstuck (acreage exemption), Freundstuck (acreage exemption), Ungeheuer. Producers: Georg Mosbacher

112
Q

Deidesheim

A

Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. GL: Kieselberg, Langenmorgen, Hohenmorgen. Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. Producers: Basserman-Jordan, von Winning

113
Q

Ruppertsberg

A

Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. GL: Reiterpfad, Gaisbohl (Burklin-Wolf alleinbesitz)

114
Q

Konigsbach

A

Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. GL: Idig

115
Q

Gimmeldingen

A

Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. GL: Mandelgarten. Producers: A Christmann

116
Q

Haardt

A

Mittelhaardt, Pfalz. Producers: Muller-Catoir

117
Q

Siebeldingen

A

Sudliche-Weinstrasse, Pfalz. GL: Im Sonnenschein. Some of Germany’s best PN & PG. Producers Okonomeirat Rebholz

118
Q

Birkweiler

A

Sudliche-Weinstrasse, Pfalz. GL: Kastanienbusch. Producers: Dr. Wehrheim

119
Q

Schweigen

A

Sudliche-Weinstrasse, Pfalz. GL: Sonnenberg. Producers: Friedrich Becker

Advanced Sommelier (44 decks)

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