Tumour Pathology 1 Flashcards
What is a tumour?
-an abnormal growing mass of cells
Describe the growth of a tumour.
- Its growth is uncoordinated with that of surrounding normal tissues
- -Its growth continues after the removal of any stimulus which may have cause the tumour
- It is an irreversible change
What are the 2 types of tumour?
- benign
- malignant
What is cancer?
A fundamental property of cancer is its ability to invade into adjacent tissue and to metastasise and grow at other sites of the body.
What factors contribute to causation of cancer?
- genetic
- environmental
What are the 5 most common types of cancer in males?
- prostate
- lung
- colon
- bladder
- lymph node
What are the 5 most common types of cancer in females?
- breast
- lung
- colon
- uterus
- ovary
What are the 5 most common types of cancer overall?
- breast
- lung
- prostate
- colon
- melanoma
How does 5-year survival rates vary?
- Rates vary greatly
- Melanoma has a 90% survival rate
- Lung only has a 15% survival rate
How are tumours classified?
- based on tissue of origin
- benign vs malignant
What tissues can cancer originate in?
- epithelium
- connective tissue
- blood
- lymphoid tissue
- neural tissue
- germ cells
What are glandular (epithelium) tumours called?
- benign= adenoma
- malignant= adeno-carcinoma
What are squamous (epithelium) tumours called?
- benign= squamous papilloma
- malignant= squamous carcinoma
What are bone (connective tissue) tumours called?
- benign= osteoma
- malignant= osteo-sarcoma
What are fat (connective tissue) tumours called?
- benign=lipoma
- malignant= lipo-sarcoma
What are fibrous tissue(connective tissue) tumours called?
- benign= fibroma
- malignant= fibro-sarcoma
What are tumours of white blood cells called?
-malignant= leukaemia
What are tumours of the lymphoid tissue called?
-malignant= lymphoma
What are tumours of the central nervous system called?
astrocytoma
what are tumours of the peripheral nervous system called?
Schwannoma
What are tumours of germ cells called?
teratomas
How do teratomas differ in males and females.
Ovarian teratomas are usually benign whereas testicular teratomas are usually malignant.
What is a teratoma composed of?
various tissues
What are the features of a benign tumour? (7)
- non-invasive growth pattern
- usually encapsulated
- no evidence of invasion
- no metastases
- cells are similar to normal
- benign tumours are well differentiated
- function similar to normal tissue
- rarely cause death
What are the features of a malignant tumour? (7)
- invasive growth pattern
- no capsule or capsule breached by tumour cells
- cells abnormal
- cancer often poorly differentiated
- loss of normal function
- often evidence of spread of cancer
- frequently cause death
