Tumour Pathology 1

Question 1

What is a tumour?

Answer 1

-an abnormal growing mass of cells

Question 2

Describe the growth of a tumour.

Answer 2

• Its growth is uncoordinated with that of surrounding normal tissues
• -Its growth continues after the removal of any stimulus which may have cause the tumour
• It is an irreversible change

Question 3

What are the 2 types of tumour?

Answer 3

• benign

- malignant

Question 4

What is cancer?

Answer 4

A fundamental property of cancer is its ability to invade into adjacent tissue and to metastasise and grow at other sites of the body.

Question 5

What factors contribute to causation of cancer?

Answer 5

• genetic

- environmental

Question 6

What are the 5 most common types of cancer in males?

Answer 6

• prostate
• lung
• colon
• bladder
• lymph node

Question 7

What are the 5 most common types of cancer in females?

Answer 7

• breast
• lung
• colon
• uterus
• ovary

Question 8

What are the 5 most common types of cancer overall?

Answer 8

• breast
• lung
• prostate
• colon
• melanoma

Question 9

How does 5-year survival rates vary?

Answer 9

• Rates vary greatly
• Melanoma has a 90% survival rate
• Lung only has a 15% survival rate

Question 10

How are tumours classified?

Answer 10

• based on tissue of origin

- benign vs malignant

Question 11

What tissues can cancer originate in?

Answer 11

• epithelium
• connective tissue
• blood
• lymphoid tissue
• neural tissue
• germ cells

Question 12

What are glandular (epithelium) tumours called?

Answer 12

• benign= adenoma

- malignant= adeno-carcinoma

Question 13

What are squamous (epithelium) tumours called?

Answer 13

• benign= squamous papilloma

- malignant= squamous carcinoma

Question 14

What are bone (connective tissue) tumours called?

Answer 14

• benign= osteoma

- malignant= osteo-sarcoma

Question 15

What are fat (connective tissue) tumours called?

Answer 15

• benign=lipoma

- malignant= lipo-sarcoma

Question 16

What are fibrous tissue(connective tissue) tumours called?

Answer 16

• benign= fibroma

- malignant= fibro-sarcoma

Question 17

What are tumours of white blood cells called?

Answer 17

-malignant= leukaemia

Question 18

What are tumours of the lymphoid tissue called?

Answer 18

-malignant= lymphoma

Question 19

What are tumours of the central nervous system called?

Answer 19

astrocytoma

Question 20

what are tumours of the peripheral nervous system called?

Answer 20

Schwannoma

Question 21

What are tumours of germ cells called?

Answer 21

teratomas

Question 22

How do teratomas differ in males and females.

Answer 22

Ovarian teratomas are usually benign whereas testicular teratomas are usually malignant.

Question 23

What is a teratoma composed of?

Answer 23

various tissues

Question 24

What are the features of a benign tumour? (7)

Answer 24

• non-invasive growth pattern
• usually encapsulated
• no evidence of invasion
• no metastases
• cells are similar to normal
• benign tumours are well differentiated
• function similar to normal tissue
• rarely cause death

Question 25

What are the features of a malignant tumour? (7)

Answer 25

• invasive growth pattern
• no capsule or capsule breached by tumour cells
• cells abnormal
• cancer often poorly differentiated
• loss of normal function
• often evidence of spread of cancer
• frequently cause death