Introduction to Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different parts of a bacterium?

A
  • Capsule
  • Cell wall
  • Flagellum
  • Fimbriae
  • Cytoplasmic/inner/plasma membrane
  • Cytoplasm with ribosomes
  • Single chromosome
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2
Q

Describe the cell wall of gram positive bacteria.

A

Inside out:

  • Plasma membrane
  • Periplasmic space
  • Thick peptidoglycan
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3
Q

Describe the cell wall of gram negative bacteria.

A

Inside out:

  • Plasma membrane
  • Periplasmic space
  • Thin peptidoglycan
  • Periplasmic space
  • Outer membrane (lipopolysaccharide and protein)
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4
Q

What colour do gram positive bacteria stain?

A

Purple

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5
Q

What colour do gram negative bacteria stain?

A

Red

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6
Q

What shape are cocci?

A

Spherical

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7
Q

What shape are bacilli?

A

Rod shaped

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8
Q

What does the capsule do?

A

Can protect the bacteria from being engulfed

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9
Q

What is the function of flagellum?

A

Motility

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10
Q

What are the 4 types of flagellum?

A
  • A: Monotrichous: 1
  • B: Lophotrichous: 1 point
  • C: Amphitichous: both sides
  • D: Peritrichous: all over
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11
Q

What is the function of fimbriae?

A

Adherence

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12
Q

What do spores enhance?

A

Survivability

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13
Q

What are plasmids

A

Small circular DNA molecule

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14
Q

What is the name of the mechanism which transfers plasmids?

A

The rolling circle mechanism

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15
Q

How do bacteria replicate?

A

Through binary fission which ensures identical progeny

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16
Q

How is genetic variation ensured?

A

Through spontaneous mutation and transfer of DNA

17
Q

What are the 3 ways in which DNA can be transferred?

A
  • Conjugation
  • Transformation
  • Transduction
18
Q

How can individual bacteria be seen?

A

Under microscope using stain

19
Q

How can colonies of individual bacteria be detected?

A
  • Cultures on solid medium

- Bacterial colonies can be seen by eyes

20
Q

What inhibits the growth of gram positive bacteria?

A

Crystal violet

21
Q

How are bacteria named?

A

Based on their genus and species