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Sem 6: SAM 2 > Tumors of the Urogenital Tract, Mammary Gland Tumors > Flashcards

Tumors of the Urogenital Tract, Mammary Gland Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common urogenital tumor in cats and dogs?

A

TCC

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2
Q

What is the most common non-neoplastic urogenital tumor in cats and dogs?

A

Polypoid cystitis

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3
Q

What causes have been linked to bladder neoplasia in dogs and cats?

A
  • Exposure to Glyphosate in Herbicides +/- insecticides
  • Obesity
  • FEMALES
  • Breed: Scottish Terriers
  • Environmental pollution
  • Cyclophosphamide administration
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4
Q

An owner brings in her Scottish Terrier and is wondering what she can do to prevent cancer. Knowing the most common tumor in this breed, what do you recommend?

A
  • Feed veggies (Broccoli 🥦 ) 3x/week
    -CADET BRAF Mutation Detection Assay screening tool for at risk breeds even in absence of CS!!

(Scottish Terriers are a high risk breed for getting TCC of the bladder)

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5
Q

Most common location for TCC in dogs and cats?

A

Trigone of the bladder

(50% have concomitant urethral involvement)

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6
Q

Presenting CS in a patient with TCC of the bladder?

A
  • Hematuria/Dysuria/Polyuria
  • Lameness (mets to bone)

(very non specific CS so often not caught early in disease 😢 )

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7
Q

What diagnostics should be ran to work up and stage for TCC in dogs and cats?

A
  • Rectal
  • Traumatic catheterization
  • Cystoscopy with biopsy
  • Cystosonography
  • CADET BRAF Mutation Detection Assay screening tool for at risk breeds!!!

Don’t FNA the bladder!!

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8
Q

What is the “Field Effect” recognized with TCC in dogs?

A

Even with complete excision local recurrence can develop

(microscopic spread throughout bladder)

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9
Q

When is partial cystectomy indicated for patients with TCC?

A
  • If at the apex of the bladder

(NOT for TCC of trigone)

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10
Q

Surgical treatment options for TCC?

A
  • Partial cystectomy + Piroxicam if @ apex
  • Laser ablation w/ Mitoxantrone + Piroxicam
  • Palliative transurethral stenting
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11
Q

What are the outcomes and MST of TCC in cats and dogs, dependent on treatment plan?

A
  • NSAIDs alone = 6m MST
  • Mitoxantrone + NSAIDs = 8m MST
  • Radiation + Mitoxantrone + NSAIDs = 9m
  • Laser ablation w Mitoxantrone = 8m
  • If non trigonal, can have MST ~2yrs w sx + chemo

(all around the same MSTs)

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12
Q

True or False: Complete or partial cystectomy is the gold standard treatment option for patients with TCC located at the trigone

A

FALSEEE

Trigonal TCC has a 2 month MST w surgery - do palliative care instead (NSAIDS!!)

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13
Q

Chemotherapy agent of choice for TCC?

A

Mitoxantrone

(Chlorambucil if metronomic chemotherapy)

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14
Q

What breed of cats is predisposed to mammary gland tumors?

A

Siamese + DSH

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15
Q

Do female or male dogs get more aggressive and malignant versions of mammary gland tumors?

A

Male dogs (Although way more common overall in females)

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16
Q

What % of dog mammary gland tumors are malignant vs cats?

A

Dogs: 50/50

Cats: 90% malignant

17
Q

Do dogs or cats get more aggressive mammary gland tumors?

A

Cats!!! 95% malignant

(Dogs are 50/50)

18
Q

Most common mammary tumor in cats?

A

Mammary gland adenocarcinoma

19
Q

What is inflammatory carcinoma seen with?

A

Unique and AGGRESSIVE variant of mammary gland adenocarcinoma in DOGS, presents diffusely swollen, necrotic mammary chains

MST is 2 weeks 😢 discuss euthanasia 😢

20
Q

Risk factors associated with mammary gland tumors in cats?

A

Hormonal exposure / Not spaying before < 1 yr of age

OVH before 6 months: 91% risk reduction
OVH before 1 yr: 86% risk reduction
OVH before 2 yrs: 11% risk reduction

21
Q

Risk factors associated with mammary gland tumors in dogs?

A

Hormonal exposure / Not spaying

OVH before 1st estrus: 0.5% risk
OVH before 2nd estrus: 8% risk
OVH before 3rd estrus: 26% risk reduction

22
Q

What is the most important prognostic factor when deciding your treatment plan for a mammary gland mass?

A

SIZE is most IMPT

< 0.5 cm and moveable = simple lumpectomy

> 1cm requires mastectomy

23
Q

Surgical treatment options mammary gland tumors in dogs?

A
  • Simple lumpectomy if < 0.5 cm and moveable
  • Mastectomy if > 1cm, fixed, or moveable
  • Regional or bilateral mastectomy if multiple

OVH should always be done concurrently when removing mammary gland tumors

24
Q

Surgical treatment options mammary gland tumors in cats?

A
  • Bilateral radical mastectomy (Remove ALL mammary glands!) w/ excision of axillary and inguinal LNs
  • Requires more aggressive surgical excision than dogs bc more aggressive

OVH should always be done concurrently when removing mammary gland tumors

25
Q

What adjunctive chemotherapy can be used in cats following surgical removal of a mammary gland tumor?

A

Doxorubicin coupled w/ NSAID or cyclophosphamide

Sem 6: SAM 2 (26 decks)

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