Tumors of the Urogenital Tract, Mammary Gland Tumors Flashcards
What is the most common urogenital tumor in cats and dogs?
TCC
What is the most common non-neoplastic urogenital tumor in cats and dogs?
Polypoid cystitis
What causes have been linked to bladder neoplasia in dogs and cats?
- Exposure to Glyphosate in Herbicides +/- insecticides
- Obesity
- FEMALES
- Breed: Scottish Terriers
- Environmental pollution
- Cyclophosphamide administration
An owner brings in her Scottish Terrier and is wondering what she can do to prevent cancer. Knowing the most common tumor in this breed, what do you recommend?
-
Feed veggies (Broccoli 🥦 ) 3x/week
-CADET BRAF Mutation Detection Assay screening tool for at risk breeds even in absence of CS!!
(Scottish Terriers are a high risk breed for getting TCC of the bladder)
Most common location for TCC in dogs and cats?
Trigone of the bladder
(50% have concomitant urethral involvement)
Presenting CS in a patient with TCC of the bladder?
- Hematuria/Dysuria/Polyuria
- Lameness (mets to bone)
(very non specific CS so often not caught early in disease 😢 )
What diagnostics should be ran to work up and stage for TCC in dogs and cats?
- Rectal
- Traumatic catheterization
- Cystoscopy with biopsy
- Cystosonography
- CADET BRAF Mutation Detection Assay screening tool for at risk breeds!!!
Don’t FNA the bladder!!
What is the “Field Effect” recognized with TCC in dogs?
Even with complete excision local recurrence can develop
(microscopic spread throughout bladder)
When is partial cystectomy indicated for patients with TCC?
- If at the apex of the bladder
(NOT for TCC of trigone)
Surgical treatment options for TCC?
- Partial cystectomy + Piroxicam if @ apex
- Laser ablation w/ Mitoxantrone + Piroxicam
- Palliative transurethral stenting
What are the outcomes and MST of TCC in cats and dogs, dependent on treatment plan?
- NSAIDs alone = 6m MST
- Mitoxantrone + NSAIDs = 8m MST
- Radiation + Mitoxantrone + NSAIDs = 9m
- Laser ablation w Mitoxantrone = 8m
- If non trigonal, can have MST ~2yrs w sx + chemo
(all around the same MSTs)
True or False: Complete or partial cystectomy is the gold standard treatment option for patients with TCC located at the trigone
FALSEEE
Trigonal TCC has a 2 month MST w surgery - do palliative care instead (NSAIDS!!)
Chemotherapy agent of choice for TCC?
Mitoxantrone
(Chlorambucil if metronomic chemotherapy)
What breed of cats is predisposed to mammary gland tumors?
Siamese + DSH
Do female or male dogs get more aggressive and malignant versions of mammary gland tumors?
Male dogs (Although way more common overall in females)
What % of dog mammary gland tumors are malignant vs cats?
Dogs: 50/50
Cats: 90% malignant
Do dogs or cats get more aggressive mammary gland tumors?
Cats!!! 95% malignant
(Dogs are 50/50)
Most common mammary tumor in cats?
Mammary gland adenocarcinoma
What is inflammatory carcinoma seen with?
Unique and AGGRESSIVE variant of mammary gland adenocarcinoma in DOGS, presents diffusely swollen, necrotic mammary chains
MST is 2 weeks 😢 discuss euthanasia 😢
Risk factors associated with mammary gland tumors in cats?
Hormonal exposure / Not spaying before < 1 yr of age
OVH before 6 months: 91% risk reduction
OVH before 1 yr: 86% risk reduction
OVH before 2 yrs: 11% risk reduction
Risk factors associated with mammary gland tumors in dogs?
Hormonal exposure / Not spaying
OVH before 1st estrus: 0.5% risk
OVH before 2nd estrus: 8% risk
OVH before 3rd estrus: 26% risk reduction
What is the most important prognostic factor when deciding your treatment plan for a mammary gland mass?
SIZE is most IMPT
< 0.5 cm and moveable = simple lumpectomy
> 1cm requires mastectomy
Surgical treatment options mammary gland tumors in dogs?
- Simple lumpectomy if < 0.5 cm and moveable
- Mastectomy if > 1cm, fixed, or moveable
- Regional or bilateral mastectomy if multiple
OVH should always be done concurrently when removing mammary gland tumors
Surgical treatment options mammary gland tumors in cats?
- Bilateral radical mastectomy (Remove ALL mammary glands!) w/ excision of axillary and inguinal LNs
- Requires more aggressive surgical excision than dogs bc more aggressive
OVH should always be done concurrently when removing mammary gland tumors
