Oral Cavity Disorders Flashcards
List differentials for hypersalivation
- Oral cavity disease
- Salivary gland issue
- Systemic or neuro conditions
- Esophagus issue
- GI issue
What is pseduoptyalism?
- Drooling caused by inability to swallow a normal amount of saliva
What is xerostomia?
lack of saliva production (rare)
seen with feline dysautonomia
List oral cavity issues causing disorders in salivation?
- Inability to open or close mouth
- Oral mass
- Oral ulcers
- Dental disease
- Trauma
- Macroglossia
- Cleft palate
List differentials for excessive salivation due to inability to open the mouth
- Crandiomandibular osteopathy in WHT
- Masticatory muscle myositis in young, large breed dogs
CS of craniomandibular osteopathy?
- Inability to open the mouth
- Ptyalism
- Intermittent fever
- Dogs < 1 year old
- Pain on palpation
How to treat craniomandibular osteopathy?
- Medically manage with analgesics, progression slows by 1 year of age
- Poor px if ankylosis of TMJ joints
CS of masticatory muscle myositis?
- Inability to open the mouth
- Ptyalism
- Young, large breed dogs
- Acute phase shows masticatory muscle SWELLING
- Chronic phase shows muscle atrophy and fibrosis
How to diagnose masticatory muscle myositis?
Blood test for Type 2M muscle fiber antibodies +/- muscle biopsy if already on prednisone
Tx of masticatory muscle myositis?
Prednisolone and physical therapy
List causes of ptyalism due to salivary gland problem
- Neoplasia
- Salivary mucocele
- Phenobarb responsive sialadenosis
- Sialolith
Tx for salivary mucocele?
- Surgical removal of affected gland
- Exception: sublingual salivary gland can be marsupilized
CS of Phenobarb responsive sialadenosis?
- Gagging
- Lip smacking
- Ptyalism
- Vomiting
- Bilateral painless, non inflammatory enlargement of salivary glands
- Rapid improvement with phenobarb
List systemic causes of ptyalism
- Rabies
- Tetanus
- PSS
- Intoxication
- CN damage
List physiological causes of ptyalism
- Pain
- Fear
- Stress
- Pavlovian response
List esophageal causes of pseudoptyalism
- Megaesophagus
- Stricture
- Foreign body
- Mass
(Considered as PSEUDOptyalism due to inability to swallow)
List extra oral causes of halitosis
- Megaesophagus / reflux disease
- Ketosis
- Uremia
- Liver disease (ammonia / bleach smell)
What is oral dysphagia?
Inability to prehend, masticate and form food bolus
What is pharyngeal dysphagia?
Inability to move bolus of food from mouth to esophagus
List causes of oral dysphagia
- Salivary mucocele
- TMJ disorders
- Mandibular fx
- Cleft palate
- Dental dz
- Glossitis
- Neuro disease
List causes of pharyngeal dysphagia
- Inflammation
- Foreign body
- Cricopharyngeal achalasia
- Rabies
- Neuro or brainstem disease
(inability to swallow, results in gagging)
CS of Cricopharyngeal achalasia?
- Young animals
- Recurrent attempts to swallow
- Gagging
(Due to inability of the upper esophageal sphincter to relax)
How to diagnose Cricopharyngeal achalasia?
Fluoroscopic swallow study
(Must do rads first to R/O megaesophagus prior to swallow study)
How to treat Cricopharyngeal achalasia?
- Surgical resection of affected cricopharyngeal muscle and dietary management
