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Sem 6: SAM 2 > otitis > Flashcards

otitis Flashcards

1
Q

What dog breeds are predisposed to otitis externa?

A
  • Cocker spaniels (pendulous ears)
  • Shar peis (stenotic canals)
  • Brachycephalic breeds (stenotic horizontal canals)
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1
Q

List the most common PRIMARY causes of otitis externa in dogs

A
  • Parasites (otodectes, demodex, etc)
  • Atopic dermatitis
  • Adverse food reactions
  • Malassezia
  • Endocrine dz: HAC/Cushings, HypoT
  • Foreign body
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2
Q

What is the most common pathogen associated with secondary fungal infection from otitis externa?

A

Malassezia

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3
Q

Where is the tympanic membrane found in the ear?

A. Inner Ear
B. Middle Ear
C. External Ear

A

B. Middle Ear

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4
Q

Which dog breed has stenotic ear canals, making them predisposed to otitis?

A

Shar peis and brachycephalics

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5
Q

What is the most common pathogen causing secondary bacterial infection in the ear canal?

A

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

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6
Q

How does stenotic ear canals affect the normal function of the external ear?

A
  • External ear has a self-cleaning mechanism by epithelial turnover and migration that allows cerumen and debris to be removed
  • Stenotic canals make it harder to effectively clear canal of debris
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7
Q

List the gross changes that can be seen with chronic ear disease

A
  • Epidermal folds
  • Stenosis
  • Hyperpigmentation
  • Lichenification
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8
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat otitis externa from malassezia?

A
  • Miconazole topically
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9
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat stenotic ear canals?

A
  • Prednisolone for 14 days!!
  • Goal is to reverse the stenosis and inflammation in order to get a better look in canal
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10
Q

You perform a cytology on an ear swab from a pug and see a mix of cocci and rods. Which antimicrobial would you avoid using?

A
  • Florfenicol / Claro otic solution (only effective against cocci, not effective for rods)
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11
Q

What is the drug of choice for a patient with rods on cytology from an ear swab?

A
  • Gentamicin (targets cocci, rods, AND pseudomonas)
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12
Q

List common anti-inflammatories used in the treatment of otitis externa

A
  • Mometasone
  • Betamethasone
  • Triamcinolone
  • Dexamethasone
  • Prednisolone
  • Hydrocortisone

(glucocorticoids are mainstay anti-inflammatory agents)

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13
Q

List the benefits of ear cleaning

A
  • Removes pus and debris
  • Increases efficacy of topicals
  • Allows visualization of epithelial lining
  • Allows visualization of tympanic membrane
  • Makes patient more comfortable
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14
Q

What is the protocol for ear cleaning when the tympanic membrane is ruptured?

A

Only saline should be used in the middle ear or if tympanic membrane is ruptured

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15
Q

Secretory otitis media is found in which breed of dogs?

A

Cavalier King Charles spaniels

16
Q

How does the anatomy of the middle ear in cats differ from dogs?

A
  • Cats tympanic membrane is divided into 2 compartments
  • Makes it difficult to flush and medicate the inner ear of cats
17
Q

List the main clinical signs seen in patients with otitis media

A
  • Head tilt
  • Difficulty swallowing/gulping
  • Facial paralysis
  • Xeromycteria (dry nose)
18
Q

How do you treat a patient with otitis media from a pseudomonas infection?

A
  • Glucocorticoids to reverse stenosis
  • 2-3 deep flushes under GA
  • Analgesics
  • Gentamicin or Silver Sulfadiazine
19
Q

What antibiotics can be used for otitis media from Pseudomonas infection?

A
  • Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin)
  • Silver Sulfadiazine
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Polymyxin B
  • Chlorhexidine
  • Triz EDTA
20
Q

What is the treatment plan for a patient presenting with an aural hematoma?

A
  • Surgical insision, drainage and suture
  • Drainage and penrose tubing
  • Drainage and glucocorticoid instillation
  • Drainage using aural hematoma tube and local anesthetics
21
Q

A king charles spaniel presenting with a head tilt and difficulty when eating and drinking. On otoscopic exam you see a bulging tympanic membrane. Most likely Ddx?

A

Secretory otitis media

Sem 6: SAM 2 (26 decks)

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