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Sem 6: SAM 2 > Dermmmm > Flashcards

Dermmmm Flashcards

1
Q

The epidermis is composed of 4 major “Resident” cell types. List them.

A
  • Keratocytes
  • Melanocytes
  • Langerhan’s cells
  • Merkel cells
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2
Q
A
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3
Q
A
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4
Q

List the layers of the epidermis from most superficial to deep

A
  • Stratum Corneum
  • Stratum Granulosum
  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Stratum Basale
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5
Q

Which of the following makes up 85% of the cells found in the epidermis?

A. Keratocytes
B. Melanocytes
C. Langerhan’s cells
D. Merkel cells

A

A. Keratocytes

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6
Q

Which layer of the epidermis undergoes mitosis and is responsible for epidermal proliferation?

A. Stratum Corneum
B. Stratum Granulosum
C. Stratum Spinosum
D. Stratum Basale

A

D. Stratum Basale (deepest layer of the epidermis)

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7
Q

Which layer of the epidermis communicates via desmosomes and is responsible for structural strength?

A. Stratum Corneum
B. Stratum Granulosum
C. Stratum Spinosum
D. Stratum Basale

A

C. Stratum Spinosum

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8
Q

Which layer of the epidermis has lamellar bodies containing lipids?

A. Stratum Corneum
B. Stratum Granulosum
C. Stratum Spinosum
D. Stratum Basale

A

B. Stratum Granulosum

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

Which layer of the epidermis has no nuclei?

A. Stratum Corneum
B. Stratum Granulosum
C. Stratum Spinosum
D. Stratum Basale

A

A. Stratum Corneum (most superficial skin layer)

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11
Q

Which of the following cells can be found in the dermis?

A. Keratocytes
B. Merkel cells
C. Fibroblasts
D. Lymphocytes
E. A and B
F. C and D

A

F. C and D

Lymphocytes are found in the DERMIS not the epidermis!!

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

What is the vascular supply to the dermis?

A
  1. Deep plexus (SQ tissue, lots of bleeding if disrupted)
  2. Middle plexus (Sebaceous glands and hair follicles)
  3. Superficial plexus (capillary bed, minimal bleeding if disrupted)
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14
Q

Dogs and cats have ________ hair follicles, which is different than cows, horses, shoats and human

A

Compound

(the others have Simple follicles)

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15
Q

What are the phases of the hair cycle?

A
  1. Anagen - growing phase
  2. Catagen - transitional phase
  3. Telogen - Resting phase
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16
Q

What smooth muscle originates in the superficial dermis, is connected to hair follicles?

A

Arrector pili muscle (responsible for goosebumps)

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

What are the functions of sebaceous glands?

A
  • Produce sebum for biological defenses, pheromones, and gives hair glossiness and strength
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19
Q

What is a macule?

A

< 1cm, FLAT change in color of the skin

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20
Q

What is a macule > 1cm called?

A

A patch

(flat change in color of the skin > 1cm)

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21
Q

What is a papule?

A

RAISED, SOLID, mass <1cm

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22
Q

What is a plaque?

A

RAISED, SOLID mass > 1cm, can be coalesced papules

(A papule but > 1cm +/- multiple)

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23
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

Clear, serum filled, RAISED, < 1cm, non-inflammatory lesion

In other words, a blister
If > 1cm its called a bulla

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24
Q

What is a bulla?

A

Clear, serum filled, RAISED, > 1cm, non-inflammatory lesion

If < 1cm its called a vesicle

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25
Q

What are common locations on the skin for flea allergic dermatitis?

A
  • Dorsum
  • Base of tail
  • Inguinal region and thighs
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26
Q

What are common locations on the skin for Cheyletiella?

A
  • Dorsum

(walking dandruff)

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27
Q

What are common locations on the skin for Atopic Dermatitis?

A
  • Inner ears
  • Face
  • Paws
  • Axilla
  • inguinal region
28
Q

What are common locations on the skin for Pemphigus Foliaceous?

A
  • Head
  • Face
  • Nose
  • Ears
  • Paw pads
  • Nail beds

(mucocutaneous junctions)

29
Q

What is Woods Lamp used for?

A
  • Used to diagnose dermatophytosis (ringworm)
  • Specifically Microsporum canis

NB: Only 50-90% of M.canis will flouresce

30
Q

What can cause a false positive Woods Lamp test?

A
  • Sebum
  • Crusts
  • Ointments
  • Tetracyclines
31
Q

Explain what occurs with a positive dermatophyte culture

A
  • Changes pH of the medium and therefore changes the color from yellow to red within 10 days
  • Look for white fluffy colonies of M. canis
32
Q

What diagnostic if helpful to examine hair?

A

Trichogram

33
Q

How do Anagen hairs appear when using Trichogram?

A

Curved bottom, golf club appearance

34
Q

How do Telogen hairs appear when using Trichogram?

A

Thick, arrow head shaped root with less pigmentation

35
Q

What techniques can be used for cytology from skin samples?

A
  • Impression smear
  • Tape prep
  • FNA

(then stain using Diff Quick)

36
Q

You collect an ear swab from a Cocker spaniel and make a cytology sample using Diff Quick staining. You see footprint shaped organisms under the microscope. What is it?

A

Malassezia (yeast infection)

37
Q

What is the name of the most common flea in dogs and cats?

A

Ctenocephalides felis

38
Q

What skin lesions are good for impression smears?

A
  • Moist lesions and pustules
38
Q

What skin lesions would a tape prep test be used for?

A
  • Dry crusted lesions, yeast, ectoparasites
  • Good for demodex, Cheyletiella, and fleas
39
Q

What is the difference in appearance of keratocytes vs corneocytes on cytology?

A
  • Keratocytes are nucleated
  • Corneocytes are anucleated (from stratum corneum)
40
Q

List the indications for doing a culture and sensitivity on a skin lesion

A
  • When empirical tx has failed
  • Cytology shows rod shaped bacT
  • If MRSA/MRSP is suspected
41
Q

A cat comes in itching with alopecia of the tail base and inner thighs. You comb the area and see flea dirt. How do you treat?

A
  • Treat ALL PETS IN THE HOUSE with Isoxazolines, Fipronil, Imidacloprid, or Selamectin
  • Clean and treat the indoor and outdoor environments
42
Q

How can you diagnose sucking or chewing lice?

A
  • Trichoscopy = Louse eggs have an operculum
  • Skin scrape
  • Tape prep
43
Q

List the 3 different variants of Demodex

A
  1. Demodez canis
  2. Demodex injai
  3. Demodex cornei
44
Q

Which of the following ectoparasites is associated with greasy skin?

A. Demodez canis
B. Demodex injai
C. Demodex cornei
D. Sarcoptic mange

A

B. Demodex injai

45
Q

Characterize the lesions seen with localized demodex

A
  • Lesions around the eyes, muzzle, limbs or trunk
  • NON-pruritic with erythema, scaling, +/- alopecia
  • Usually in younger dogs
  • Usually self limiting, resolves without treatment
46
Q

Characterize the lesions seen with generalized demodex

A
  • > 5 patches
  • Comodones
  • Hyperpigmentation “blueish tinge”
  • Peripheral lymphadenopathy
  • CS of underlying systemic disease like Cushings, diabetes or neoplasia
  • Pododemodicosis (painful feet)
47
Q

What dog breeds are predisposed to getting juvenile onset Demodicosis?

A
  • Pugs
  • Terriers
  • Bulldogs
  • Westies

(In animals < 18 months of age)

48
Q

What is seborrhea oleosa?

A
  • Altered activity of Demodex injai which lives in sebaceous glands, causing oily, greasy skin

(Seen in terriers)

49
Q

What variants of Demodex affect cats?

A
  • Demodex cati
  • Demodex gatoi
50
Q

What needs to be known about Demodex gatoi?

A
  • CONTAGIOUS demodex spp in cats
  • Not a commensal
  • Found in the stratum corneum
  • Associated with allergy in cats
  • Problem in multi cat households
  • Commonly see overgrooming, alopecia and scaling
51
Q

Which demodex spp in cats and dogs require a superficial vs a deep skin scrape?

A

Deep: D. canis, D. injai, D. cati

Superficial: D. gatoi

52
Q

What is the treatment protocol for demodex in cats and dogs?

A
  • Benign neglect for the localized form (resolves on its own)
  • Isoxazolines for the generalized form
  • Treat until 2 negative skin scrapes obtained 2 weeks apart
  • Treat all cats in the house only if suspect D. gatoi
  • Treat underlying disease if adult onset
53
Q

What is the causative agent of mange in dogs?

A
  • Sarcoptes scabiei
  • Contagious mite living in the stratum corneum
54
Q

How do you diagnose mange in dogs?

A
  • Positive pinnal-pedal reflex
  • ACUTE onset pruritis, VERY ITCHY
  • Papules, scaling, yellowish crusts
  • DEEP skin scrape
55
Q

What is the treatment of choice for management of mange in dogs and cats?

A
  • Isoxazolines
  • Must TREAT ALL PETS IN THE HOUSE
  • Must treat the environment

(very contagious)

56
Q

What is the causative agent of mange in cats?

A
  • Notoderes cati
  • Contagious mite of cats
57
Q

Clinical signs and presenting lesions that can be found in a cat with notoderes cati?

A
  • Lesions on the Head and Neck
  • Intense pruritis, scaling, alopecia
  • THICK crusting
  • Excoriations
58
Q

Clinical signs and presenting lesions that can be found with Cheyletiella?

A
  • Scaling on the DORSUM
  • Severe dandruff
  • Pruritis, scaling, papular rash
59
Q

Which ectoparasite in dogs and cats has the pathognomonic sign of brown granular debris in the ear canal?

A

Otodectes cyanotis - contagious ear mite

60
Q

What is the treatment of choice for management of Otodectes cyanotis in dogs and cats?

A
  • Selamectin (Revolution) or Moxidectin (Advantage Multi)
  • Must TREAT ALL PETS IN THE HOME

Contagious!!!

61
Q

You are examining a cat who has been itching at their ears. You look in Henry’s pocket and see orange specks. What is the causative agent?

A
  • Harvest mite / Neotrombicula

(usually self limiting)

62
Q

What clinical signs and presenting skin lesions can be seen with Lynxacarus radovsky?

A
  • MILD pruritis with salt and pepper mites on a dull coat

(Cat fur mite)

63
Q

What is a follicular cast?

A

accumulation of serum and keratin adhering to surrounding hairs

64
Q

Which of the following ectoparasites is not zoonotic or contagious to other animals?

A. Sarcoptic mange
B. Cheyletiella
C. Demodicosis

A

C. Demodex

Exception: D. gatoi
Another Exception: transferred from mom to baby only for 1st 72 hours

65
Q

Which of the following ectoparasites causes the most severe pruritis?

A. Sarcoptic mange
B. Cheyletiella
C. Demodicosis

A

A. Sarcoptic mange

Sem 6: SAM 2 (26 decks)

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