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Sem 6: SAM 2 > Cat Flu and Vaccinations > Flashcards

Cat Flu and Vaccinations Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common etiologic agents causing cat flu?

A
  • Feline Herpes Virus
  • Feline Calicivirus

(Less commonly Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Bordetella, FCoV)

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2
Q

What are the common manifestations of feline calicivirus?

A
  • URT disease
  • Oral vesicular ulcers (tongue ulcers)
  • Fever
  • Lameness / Limping (IMPA)
  • Fading kittens
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3
Q

What are the common manifestations of FHV-1?

A
  • URT disease
  • Keratitis (Corneal ulcerations, uveitis)
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Ulcerative crusting dermatitis
  • Abortions
  • Neonatal disease
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4
Q

What cats are more at risk for Bordetella?

A
  • Cat rescue facilities
  • Contact with dogs that have it
  • Increase # of cats in the house

(Can act as a primary respiratory pathogen or more commonly secondary to viral respiratory disease, look for underlying cause)

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5
Q

How is calicivirus spread?

A
  • Aerosols (most common)
  • Direct contact
  • Fomites
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6
Q

How long to cats with calicivirus shed the virus?

A
  • 100% shed at 30 days
  • 50% shed at 75 days
  • 25% are carriers
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7
Q

How long does calicivirus survive in the environment?

A
  • 8 to 28 days
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8
Q

How long do cats with Herpes shed the virus?

A
  • From day 1, for 1-4 weeks
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9
Q

What percent of cats with herpes become carriers?

A

80% !

(latent in the trigeminal ganglion)

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10
Q

What triggers spontaneous reactivation of herpes virus in cats?

A

Any stressful situation!!

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11
Q

What tests can be ran to diagnose Calicivirus or Herpes virus?

A
  • If CS: do Virus isolation and culture to ID active shedding ✯
  • If no CS OR screening: do PCR ✯
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12
Q

What is the recommended treatment protocol for a cat with herpesvirus?

A
  • Famcyclovir
  • +/- L lysine at high dose
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13
Q

Which of the following survives for long periods in the environment?

A. Feline herpesvirus
B. Bordetella in cats
C. Feline Calicivirus
D. All of the above

A

C. Feline Calicivirus (RNA virus resistant to degradation)

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14
Q

How can Chlamydophila be diagnosed in cats?

A
  • PCR from Corneal, oropharyngeal, or nasal swabs
  • Will see Intranuclear inclusion bodies
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15
Q

What cats are more at risk for getting Chlamydophila infection?

A
  • Breeding facilities
  • Show cats
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16
Q

How does Mycoplasma in cats behave?

A
  • Always pathogenic in LRT
  • Can be commensal or pathogenic in URT
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17
Q

What is the treatment protocol for a patient with calicivirus?

A
  • No good anti-viral, Interferon immunotherapy used (expensive) + supportive care (feeding tube, fluids, nebulization)
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18
Q

What is the treatment protocol for cats with a bacterial URT infection?

A
  • Broad spectrum Amoxi-Clav
  • Doxycycline, oxytetracycline, fluoroquinolones, or Azithromycin for Bordetella, Chlamydia, and Mycoplasma
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19
Q

What RNA virus is a major cause of URT infection in cats?

A

Feline Calicivirus

(Herpes is a DNA virus)

20
Q

What is the pathophysiology behind why very young cats are infected with herpes in the first 14 days of life?

A

Herpes MDA (Maternally derived antibodies) declines very early on causing a long @ risk period before the 1st vaccine at 6 weeks old

(compared to Calicivirus which has MDA that last a long time)

21
Q

Which virus has sterilizing immunity when given the vaccine?

A

Feline panleukopenia (Feline parvovirus) when given modified live vax

(DNA virus, doesn’t mutate)

22
Q

Which organ systems are most affected by Feline panleukopenia virus?

A
  • Attacks rapidly dividing cells!
  • Bone marrow
  • GI (hemorrhagic smelly diarrhea)
  • LN
  • +/- Myocardium
23
Q

How long do cats with Feline Panleukopenia shed the virus?

A
  • Up to 10 days AFTER resolution of CS
24
Q

How can feline panleukopenia virus be diagnosed?

A
  • CBC/Bone marrow aspirate showing pancytopenia
  • Biochem showing ↓ TP, ↓ BG, electrolyte abnormalities
  • PCR
  • ELISA

(NB: If recently vaxxed, will show + on ELISA snap, do PCR to confirm active infection vs vaccine)

25
Q

What is the treatment protocol and prognosis for cats with Feline Panleukopenia virus?

A
  • Treat gastroenteritis with fluids and nutritional support
  • Interferon
  • Granulocyte CSF
  • Blood transfusion
  • Hyperimmune plasma
26
Q

What are complications and sequelae of Feline panleukopenia virus in cats?

A
  • Sepsis
  • DIC
  • Intussusception

(Monitor for these things in a cat with FPV!!)

27
Q

What in utero infection can result in cerebellar hypoplasia?

A

Feline parvovirus (Feline panleukopenia)

28
Q

Why is it recommended to give a feline panleukopenia vaccine at 6 weeks and not sooner?

A
  • Cerebellum is fully developed at 6 weeks of age
  • Modified Live Panleuk vax given earlier than 6 weeks can result in an active panleuk infection and cerebellar hypoplasia

(because its a modified LIVE vaccine)

29
Q

What are the core feline vaccines?

A
  • Herpesvirus
  • Calicivirus
  • Feline parvovirus (Feline panleukopenia)
30
Q

Which cat flu viruses has the ability to cause mutations and new highly pathogenic strains?

A

Feline Calicivirus! (RNA virus)

31
Q

How do cats with VS-FCV typically present?

A
  • SQ edema, fluid oozing from eyes and distal limbs
  • Pulmonary edema, pleural effusion
  • Ulcerative dermatitis (peripheral vasculitis)
  • Coagulopathy / DIC (from vasculitis)
  • Oral ulcers
  • Jaundice
  • Rapid death within 4-9 days
  • Fever
  • 50% mortality in adult cats
32
Q

What cats are more susceptible to getting VS-FCV?

A
  • Vaccinated adult cats
  • Usually transmitted from newly acquired kitten to adult cat
33
Q

How is VS-FCV treated?

A
  • Isolation and quarantine
  • Interferon
  • 1 injection of steroids
  • Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)?
  • IV fluids
  • Antibiotics
34
Q

What vaccine is best at limiting cases of VS-FCV?

A
  • Bivalent calicivirus vaccine offers more protection against highly variant strains of FCV
35
Q

Which viruses can be controlled with 1:32 bleach solutions?

A
  • Herpes virus
  • Calicivirus
  • Bordetella virus
36
Q

What is the vaccination schedule for core vaccines in a kitten < 16 weeks of age?

A
  • 1st vax @ 6 weeks
  • 2nd vax 3 weeks later
  • 3rd vax 3 weeks later
  • Then booster the following year
  • Then booster q 3 yrs
37
Q

What is the vaccination schedule for a cat older than 16 weeks of age that has not had any core vaccines yet?

A
  • Booster 2 times instead of 3
  • 1st vax then 2nd vax 3 weeks later
  • Then booster the following year
  • Then booster q 3 years
38
Q

Herpes virus in cats has a fast decline in MDA and increases risk of death in kittens < 6 weeks of age. So why don’t we vaccinate sooner than 6 weeks of age?

A
  • FVRCP is a combined modified LIVE vaccine containing calicivirus, herpes, and panleuk
  • Can’t be given < 6 weeks because panleuk can cause active infection and cerebellar hypoplasia in cats younger
39
Q

Which virus remains latent in the trigeminal ganglion?

A

Herpes virus! Reactivated with any stressful event

40
Q

Why are 3 boosters required for the FVRCP vaccine in kittens?

A
  • Calicivirus has a long MDA (10-14 weeks) and doesn’t respond to the first vaccine, therefore 2 more boosters are needed after the 1st one
41
Q

How long do MDA to calicivirus last in kittens before they become at risk?

A
  • 10-14 weeks
  • Long MDA! Requires 3 boosters
42
Q

How long do MDA to Herpessxvirus last in kittens before they become at risk?

A
  • 2-10 weeks
  • Short MDA!
  • High @ risk period before 1st vax at 6 weeks

(But can’t give sooner bc modified live FVRCP vax is combined with Panleuk)

43
Q

How does bordetella behave in cats?

A

Can act as a primary respiratory pathogen or secondary to viral respiratory disease, look for underlying cause

44
Q

What is the best test to run on a cat presenting with clinical signs of URT infection?

A
  • Virus isolation and culture for cats with CS to see if actively shedding herpesvirus or calicivirus
45
Q

How long do MDA against FHV-1 last in kittens?

A

2-10 weeks

46
Q

How long do MDA against FCV last in kittens?

A

10-14 weeks

(calicivirus MDA last longer than Herpesvirus MDA)

47
Q

Is a live or killed panleukopenia virus vaccine marketed for use in cats?

A

Modified live vax is only one on the market

(Ab response in 7 days after vax vs killed vax is 14 days)

Sem 6: SAM 2 (26 decks)

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