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Sem 6: SAM 2 > Cat Flu and Vaccinations > Flashcards

Cat Flu and Vaccinations Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common etiologic agents causing cat flu?

A
  • Feline Herpes Virus
  • Feline Calicivirus

(Less commonly Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Bordetella, FCoV)

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2
Q

What are the common manifestations of feline calicivirus?

A
  • URT disease
  • Oral vesicular ulcers (tongue ulcers)
  • Fever
  • Lameness / Limping (IMPA)
  • Fading kittens
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3
Q

What are the common manifestations of FHV-1?

A
  • URT disease
  • Keratitis (Corneal ulcerations, uveitis)
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Ulcerative crusting dermatitis
  • Abortions
  • Neonatal disease
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4
Q

What cats are more at risk for Bordetella?

A
  • Cat rescue facilities
  • Contact with dogs that have it
  • Increase # of cats in the house

(Can act as a primary respiratory pathogen or more commonly secondary to viral respiratory disease, look for underlying cause)

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5
Q

How is calicivirus spread?

A
  • Aerosols (most common)
  • Direct contact
  • Fomites
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6
Q

How long to cats with calicivirus shed the virus?

A
  • 100% shed at 30 days
  • 50% shed at 75 days
  • 25% are carriers
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7
Q

How long does calicivirus survive in the environment?

A
  • 8 to 28 days
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8
Q

How long do cats with Herpes shed the virus?

A
  • From day 1, for 1-4 weeks
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9
Q

What percent of cats with herpes become carriers?

A

80% !

(latent in the trigeminal ganglion)

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10
Q

What triggers spontaneous reactivation of herpes virus in cats?

A

Any stressful situation!!

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11
Q

What tests can be ran to diagnose Calicivirus or Herpes virus?

A
  • If CS: do Virus isolation and culture to ID active shedding ✯
  • If no CS OR screening: do PCR ✯
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12
Q

What is the recommended treatment protocol for a cat with herpesvirus?

A
  • Famcyclovir
  • +/- L lysine at high dose
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13
Q

Which of the following survives for long periods in the environment?

A. Feline herpesvirus
B. Bordetella in cats
C. Feline Calicivirus
D. All of the above

A

C. Feline Calicivirus (RNA virus resistant to degradation)

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14
Q

How can Chlamydophila be diagnosed in cats?

A
  • PCR from Corneal, oropharyngeal, or nasal swabs
  • Will see Intranuclear inclusion bodies
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15
Q

What cats are more at risk for getting Chlamydophila infection?

A
  • Breeding facilities
  • Show cats
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16
Q

How does Mycoplasma in cats behave?

A
  • Always pathogenic in LRT
  • Can be commensal or pathogenic in URT
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17
Q

What is the treatment protocol for a patient with calicivirus?

A
  • No good anti-viral, Interferon immunotherapy used (expensive) + supportive care (feeding tube, fluids, nebulization)
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18
Q

What is the treatment protocol for cats with a bacterial URT infection?

A
  • Broad spectrum Amoxi-Clav
  • Doxycycline, oxytetracycline, fluoroquinolones, or Azithromycin for Bordetella, Chlamydia, and Mycoplasma
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19
Q

What RNA virus is a major cause of URT infection in cats?

A

Feline Calicivirus

(Herpes is a DNA virus)

20
Q

What is the pathophysiology behind why very young cats are infected with herpes in the first 14 days of life?

A

Herpes MDA (Maternally derived antibodies) declines very early on causing a long @ risk period before the 1st vaccine at 6 weeks old

(compared to Calicivirus which has MDA that last a long time)

21
Q

Which virus has sterilizing immunity when given the vaccine?

A

Feline panleukopenia (Feline parvovirus) when given modified live vax

(DNA virus, doesn’t mutate)

22
Q

Which organ systems are most affected by Feline panleukopenia virus?

A
  • Attacks rapidly dividing cells!
  • Bone marrow
  • GI (hemorrhagic smelly diarrhea)
  • LN
  • +/- Myocardium
23
Q

How long do cats with Feline Panleukopenia shed the virus?

A
  • Up to 10 days AFTER resolution of CS
24
Q

How can feline panleukopenia virus be diagnosed?

A
  • CBC/Bone marrow aspirate showing pancytopenia
  • Biochem showing ↓ TP, ↓ BG, electrolyte abnormalities
  • PCR
  • ELISA

(NB: If recently vaxxed, will show + on ELISA snap, do PCR to confirm active infection vs vaccine)

25
What is the treatment protocol and prognosis for cats with Feline Panleukopenia virus?
- Treat gastroenteritis with fluids and nutritional support - Interferon - Granulocyte CSF - Blood transfusion - Hyperimmune plasma
26
What are complications and sequelae of Feline panleukopenia virus in cats?
- Sepsis - DIC - Intussusception (Monitor for these things in a cat with FPV!!)
27
What in utero infection can result in cerebellar hypoplasia?
Feline parvovirus (Feline panleukopenia)
28
Why is it recommended to give a feline panleukopenia vaccine at 6 weeks and not sooner?
- Cerebellum is fully developed at 6 weeks of age - **Modified Live Panleuk vax given earlier than 6 weeks can result in an active panleuk infection and cerebellar hypoplasia** (because its a modified LIVE vaccine)
29
What are the core feline vaccines?
- **Herpesvirus** - **Calicivirus** - **Feline parvovirus (Feline panleukopenia)**
30
Which cat flu viruses has the ability to cause mutations and new highly pathogenic strains?
Feline Calicivirus! (RNA virus)
31
How do cats with VS-FCV typically present?
- **SQ edema, fluid oozing from eyes and distal limbs** - **Pulmonary edema, pleural effusion** - **Ulcerative dermatitis** (peripheral vasculitis) - **Coagulopathy / DIC** (from vasculitis) - Oral ulcers - Jaundice - **Rapid death within 4-9 days** - Fever - 50% mortality in adult cats
32
What cats are more susceptible to getting VS-FCV?
- **Vaccinated adult cats** - Usually transmitted from newly acquired kitten to adult cat
33
How is VS-FCV treated?
- **Isolation and quarantine** - Interferon - 1 injection of steroids - Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)? - IV fluids - Antibiotics
34
What vaccine is best at limiting cases of VS-FCV?
- Bivalent calicivirus vaccine offers more protection against highly variant strains of FCV
35
Which viruses can be controlled with 1:32 bleach solutions?
- Herpes virus - Calicivirus - Bordetella virus
36
What is the vaccination schedule for core vaccines in a kitten < 16 weeks of age?
- 1st vax @ 6 weeks - 2nd vax 3 weeks later - 3rd vax 3 weeks later - Then booster the following year - Then booster q 3 yrs
37
What is the vaccination schedule for a cat older than 16 weeks of age that has not had any core vaccines yet?
- Booster 2 times instead of 3 - 1st vax then 2nd vax 3 weeks later - Then booster the following year - Then booster q 3 years
38
Herpes virus in cats has a fast decline in MDA and increases risk of death in kittens < 6 weeks of age. So why don't we vaccinate sooner than 6 weeks of age?
- FVRCP is a combined modified LIVE vaccine containing calicivirus, herpes, and panleuk - Can't be given < 6 weeks because panleuk can cause active infection and cerebellar hypoplasia in cats younger
39
Which virus remains latent in the trigeminal ganglion?
Herpes virus! Reactivated with any stressful event
40
Why are 3 boosters required for the FVRCP vaccine in kittens?
- Calicivirus has a long MDA (10-14 weeks) and doesn't respond to the first vaccine, therefore 2 more boosters are needed after the 1st one
41
How long do MDA to calicivirus last in kittens before they become at risk?
- 10-14 weeks - Long MDA! Requires 3 boosters
42
How long do MDA to Herpessxvirus last in kittens before they become at risk?
- 2-10 weeks - Short MDA! - High @ risk period before 1st vax at 6 weeks (But can't give sooner bc modified live FVRCP vax is combined with Panleuk)
43
How does bordetella behave in cats?
**Can act as a primary respiratory pathogen or secondary to viral respiratory disease, look for underlying cause**
44
What is the best test to run on a cat presenting with clinical signs of URT infection?
- Virus isolation and culture for cats with CS to see if actively shedding herpesvirus or calicivirus
45
How long do MDA against FHV-1 last in kittens?
**2-10 weeks**
46
How long do MDA against FCV last in kittens?
**10-14 weeks** (calicivirus MDA last longer than Herpesvirus MDA)
47
Is a live or killed panleukopenia virus vaccine marketed for use in cats?
**Modified live vax** is only one on the market (Ab response in 7 days after vax vs killed vax is 14 days)

Sem 6: SAM 2 (34 decks)

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