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Anatomy > Tumors > Flashcards

Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

anaplasia

A

loss of cellular differentiation and function

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2
Q

atrophy

A

a wasting

decrease in size of an organ or tissue

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3
Q

benign

A

not recurrent or progressive

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4
Q

cachexia

A

a state of ill health

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5
Q

cancer

A

malignant neoplasm marked by uncontrolled growth and the spread by abnormal cells

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6
Q

cancer in epithleial cells

A

carcinomas

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7
Q

cancer in mesenchymal tissues

A

sarcomas

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8
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

a new growth or malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue and do not extend beyond the basement membrane

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9
Q

carcinogen

A

any substance or agent that produces cancer or increases the risk of developing cancer

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10
Q

carcinogenises

A

the production or origin of cancer

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11
Q

co-carcinogen

A

a chemical or enviromental factor that enhances the action of a carcinogen

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12
Q

chemotherapy

A

the application of chemical reagents that have specific and toxic effect on a disease causing pathogen

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13
Q

contact inhibition

A

the natural process of arresting cell growth when two or more cells come into contact with each other

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14
Q

when does contact inhibition fail?

A

malignant neoplasia growth

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15
Q

embolus

A

clot that is moving in circulation

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16
Q

etiology

A

the study of the cause of disease

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17
Q

hemangioma

A

a benign tumor composed of newly formed blood vessels

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18
Q

hematoma

A

a swelling or mass of blood, usually clotted, confined to an organ

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19
Q

infiltration

A

the process of a substance passing into and being deposited within the substance of a cell

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20
Q

leukemia

A

a malignancy of the blood forming cells in the bone marrow

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21
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

disease of the lymph nodes

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22
Q

malaise

A

a generalized feeling of discomfort

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23
Q

malignant

A

growing worse, resisting treatment

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24
Q

metastasis

A

movement of cells from one part of the body to another

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25
Q

neoplasm

A

a new formation of tissue

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26
Q

oncogenesis

A

tumor formation and development

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27
Q

oncogene

A

a potentially cancer inducing gene

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28
Q

prodromal

A

pertaining to the initial stage of a disease

the interval b/w earliest symptoms and apperance of rash or fever

29
Q

sarcoma

A

a cancer arising from connective (mesenchymal) tissue

30
Q

sign

A

abnormally noted by an observer

31
Q

stroma

A

the supporting tissue or matrix of and organ or tumor

32
Q

symptom

A

abnormally noted by a patient

33
Q

syndrome

A

a group of symptoms and signs of disordered function related to one another by means of some peculiarity

34
Q

tumor

A

a swelling or enlargement, one of four classic signs of inflammation

35
Q

tumor angiogenesis factor

A

a protein present in animal and human cancer tissue

36
Q

tumor marker

A

a substance whose presence in blood serum serves as a biochemical indicator for the presence of a malignancy

37
Q

benign tumor characteristics

A
  1. grow by expansion
38
Q

benign tumor characteristics

A
  1. round, smooth, and regular to palpate
39
Q

benign tumor characteristics

A
  1. rarely cause severe problems
40
Q

benign tumor characteristics

A
  1. tend to grow slowly and not recur

may cause pressure effects

41
Q

benign tumor characteristics

A
  1. histologically, benign tumors are well-differentiated, closely resembeling tissue of origin
42
Q

Malignant tumor characteristics

A
  1. grow by local invasion and infiltration with destruction of surrounding tissue
43
Q

Malignant tumor characteristics

A
  1. usually poorly circumscribed and unencapsulated
44
Q

Malignant tumor characteristics

A
  1. tumor often fixed to other surrounding tissues
45
Q

Malignant tumor characteristics

A

4.rough and irregular to palpation, may cause ulceration

46
Q

Malignant tumor characteristics

A
  1. grow rapidly and difficult to remove surgically in their entirety
47
Q

Malignant tumor characteristics

A
  1. chief definitive feature of malignant tumors is their tendency to spread locally, and metastasis
48
Q

Malignant tumor characteristics

A
  1. histologically, malignancies are poorly differentiated

aggressive tumors show frequent mitosis

49
Q

what are intermediate tumors?

A

tumors that are between benign and malignant

50
Q

examples of intermediate tumors

A

ganglioneuroblastoma

giant cell tumor

51
Q

suffix meaning tumor

A

-oma

52
Q

if naming a malignant tumor you must determine what?

A

the parent tissue

53
Q

parent tissue = epithelial

A

carcinoma

54
Q

parent tissue = connective tissue

A

sarcoma

55
Q

suffix indicating a malignancy arising in embryoic tissue in precurser cells

A

-blastoma

56
Q

T or F

lymphoma, leukemia, and myloma are all malignancies

A

T

57
Q

What is a benign tumor in chorionic epithelium

A

hydatiform mole

58
Q

malignancy in choronic epithelium

A

choriocarcinoma

59
Q

What is largely responsible for the generation of malignant cells?

A

genetic mutations

60
Q

What are two major categories of mutated genes?

A
  1. oncogenes

2. tumor suppressor genes

61
Q

What are tumor suppressor genes?

A

inherent genes that play a role in cell division and DNA repair and are critical for detecting inappropriate cell growth signals

62
Q

What are the categories of carcinogens?

A
  1. viruses
  2. radiation
  3. chemical
63
Q

cytomegalovirus

A

kaposi’s sarcoma

64
Q

epstein-barr virus

A

burkitt’s lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma

65
Q

hep B

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

66
Q

herpesvirus 8

A

kaposi’s sarcoma

67
Q

HIV

A

kaposi’s sarcoma, lymphoma

68
Q

HPV

A

cervical carcinoma

69
Q

human t cell lymphotropic virus

A

t-cell lymphomas, hairy cell leukemia

Anatomy (22 decks)

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