Micro 1 Final Flashcards
Franciella tularensis
Morphology
G-R
Pleomorphic
Small
Franciella tularensis
AKA
Rabbit Fever
Hunter’s Disease
Market Fever
Franciella tularensis
Pathogenicity
Ulceroglandular: Direct contact on fingers=punched out lesion. Regional lymph swelling. Blood to liver to spleen (possibly lungs)
Pneumonic: Blood or inhalation. High mortality, spead person to person.
Typhoidal: Ingest contaminated food or water. GI disturbance and fever
Franciella tularensis
Tests
Smears from skin lesions- F.A. stain
Lung= sputum cultured
GI=gastric washing cultured
Franciella tularensis
Miscellaneous
Complications
Zoonosis Via bare or broken skin Fleas, ticks, rabbit lice Inhalation of dust contaminated by rodents Tulare CA 1912
Bacillus Anthracis
Morphology
G+R
Bacillus Anthracis
AKA
Wool sorter’s disease
Black Eschar
Charbon
Anthrax
Bacillus Anthracis
Pathogenicity
Has Protein Capsule Typically acquired thru spores 3 Types based on portal of entry 1. Cutaneous (most common) 2. Respiratory 3. Intestinal Black central crust=AKA
Bacillus Anthracis
Tests
none
Bacillus Anthracis
Miscellaneous
Complications
Occupational Disease
Sheep, Cattle
First pathogen to be seen under microscope
First bacterium proven to be cause of specific disease
Haemophilus influenza
Morphology
G-R
Small
Haemophilus influenza
AKA
Pfeiffer’s Bacillus
Haemophilus influenza
Pathogenicity
Rash=Meningitis
Inflammation of epiglottis
“X” Factor (heme) and “V” Factor (NID/ Coenzyme I)
Exhibits Satellism in presence of S. aureus
Haemophilus influenza
Tests
Neufeld-Quelling Test (Capsular Swelling)
Requires blood for growth
Haemophilus influenza
Complications
Opportunist-Secondary Invader
Blood Lover
B=Bad (6 kinds, A-F and B has capsule)
Haemophilus aegyptius
Morphology
G-R
Haemophilus aegyptius
AKA
H. conjunctivitis
Koch-weeks bacillus
H. influenza biotype III
Haemophilus aegyptius
Pathogenicity
Conjunctivitis= Pink eye
Like having sand in eye
Similar to Gonorrhea
Very Contagious
Haemophilus aegyptius
Tests
Resembles H. Influenza- cannot tell the difference on a smear
Haemophilus aegyptius
Complications
ALL Haemophilus like Blood (Hae=blood, phil=loving)
Haemophilus ducreyi
Morphology
G-R
Haemophilus ducreyi
AKA
none
Haemophilus ducreyi
Pathogenicity
Chancroid= soft chancre= STD, genital ulcer with swelling and pain
Buboes- enlarged lymph nodes
Transmitted thru Sexual Contact
Mostly males, asymptomatic in females
Haemophilus ducreyi
Tests
Blood agar plates w/I 10 minutes
Ducrey Skin Test
Haemophilus ducreyi
Complications
No Immunity Remain postive for years “do cry” b/c it’s an STD and painful Syphillis has Chancre but it’s not painful Similar
Boretella pertussis
Morphology
G-R
Small
Aerobic
Boretella pertussis
AKA
none
Boretella pertussis
Pathogenicity
Whooping Cough/Pertussis
4 virulence factors= Toxins it produces
3 stages manifested:
1. Catarrhal- 1-2 weeks upper respiratory infection, non-productive cough (no sputum)
2. Paroxsymal- few days to weeks. Repeated cough w/o inhale when finally able to inhale=whooping noise. Vomiting, clear stringy mucous. Hemorrhage/ convulsions. Staph or Haemo may invade
3. Convalescent- 2-4 wks. Occasional cough/whoop for year
Boretella pertussis
Tests
Bordet-Gengou Agar Plate (has potato)- pt cough straight onto plate b/c org. doesn’t like swabbing
DPT Vaccine
F.A. nasophary. smear
Boretella pertussis
Complications
Human respiratory tract
Spread by respiratory droplets
Mostly disease of Young
Legionella pneumophilia
Morphology
G-R
Aerobic
Legionella pneumophilia
Pathogenicity
Legionnarie’s diease=Pneumonia Warm water- hot tub, vapur, mist, ac systems, water heater Probably transmitted thru respiratory Asymptomatic to Deadly Disorientation
Legionella pneumophilia
Tests
Giminez Technique- infected lung tissue put into guinea pigs
Immunofluorescence provides rapid diagnostic test
Legionella pneumophilia
Complications
Immunosuppressed pts
Avoids our phagocytes=
smart guys
Found at veterans conference, everyone got sick b/c air system
Pontiac fever=same org. causes less severe illness (no pneumonia just flu)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Morphology
G-R
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
AKA
Blue Pus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pathogenicity
Wound + burn infections
Cystic fibrosis
In plants (so no plants in ICU or burn units can infect pts)
Nosocomial
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Complications
Targets immunosuppressed pts.
Very resistant: drugs, temp
Blue Pigment=Pyocyanin
Opportunistic
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Morphology
no cell wall
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
AKA
Eaton’s Agent
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Pathogenicity
Walking Pneumonia Damages upper respiratory epithelium Binds to cilia in Resp. Tract Not very contagious 2-3 week duration
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Tests
Cold Agglutinins (antibodies- IGG)- clots RBC
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Complications
Smallest pathogen that can live outside of cell
Lack rigid cell wall
Mycoplasma=smallest free living self-replicating units
#1 cause of Bronchitis
Teens/young adults in late summer/ early fall
Rickettsia rickettsii
Morphology
G-Cocci/Rod
Pleomorphic
Rickettsia rickettsii
Pathogenicity
Rocking Mountain Spotted Fever
Maculopapular Rash (painful + breaks capillaries=proliferates endothelium)
VECTOR: TICKS
Rickettsia rickettsii
Tests
Weil-Felix Agglutination Reaction: persons serum + PROTEUS
Rickettsia rickettsii
Complications
Arthropod
Obligate Intracellular
Wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni)= Western US
Dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis)= Eastern US
Reservoir= mammal/bird
Spotted Fever Group
Rickettsia prowazeki
Morphology
G-Cocci/Rod
Pleomorphic
Rickettsia prowazeki
Pathogenicity
Epidemic typhus (louse-borne)
Growth in blood vessel endothelium and high temperatures
Macular rash on trunk, spreads to extremities
Death occurs by myocardial/ neurological problem w/i 2-3 weeks
Brills Disease/ Brill-Zinsser= pt had disease and is carrier. May reoccur in milder form w/o rash
VECTOR: LICE
Rickettsia prowazeki
Tests
Weil-Felix Agglutination Reaction: persons serum + PROTEUS
Rickettsia prowazeki
Complications
Arthropod Obligate Intracellular Substandard living conditions Human body louse is the vector Transmitted: feces, vomit, louse bite. Louse feces may be scratched into bite Napolean’s Retreat 40-60% pts are over 60 yo Mortality lowest in children Hypotension Oligera (some “O” word, no details in class)
Rickettsia typhi
Morphology
G-Cocci/Rod
Pleomorphic
Rickettsia typhi
Pathogenicity
Endemic typhus (murine typhus)= mild form of typhus VECTOR: RAT FLEAS
Rickettsia typhi
Complications
Arthropod
Obligate Intracellular
Reservoir= rat the infection is not apparent + long lasting
Rickettsialpox
Morphology
G-Cocci/Rod
Pleomorphic
Rickettsialpox
Pathogenicity
Transmitted by Rickettsia akari
Reservoir=Mice
Vector=Mite (like dust mite)
Rickettsialpox
Complications
Mild disease with rash like varicella
Scrub typhus
Morphology
G-Cocci/Rod
Pleomorphic
Scrub typhus
Pathogenicity
Transmitted by R. tsutsugamushi
Reservoir= Rodents
Vector= Mite
Q Fever
Morphology
G-Cocci/Rod
Pleomorphic
Q Fever
Pathogenicity
Transmitted via Coxiella burnetti
Reservoir=Cattle, Sheep, Goats
Vector=None; inhalation of dust
Q Fever
Complications
Resembles influenza or nonbacterial pneumonia
Seen in cattle herds in California (stinkin librals)
*Forms Endospores
Chlamydia trachomatis-Immunotypes L1-L3
Pathogenicity
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)
3 stages:
1. Incubation 1-3 weeks, blisters on genitals, urethra + anal canal, shallow ulcer forms (painless + overlooked)
2. Weeks 2-4, invades *inguinal + pelvic lymph causing buboes, fever, aches, arthritic + conjunctival symptoms, may involve CNS
3. Urogenitoperineal syndrome, Elephantiasis of penis + scrotum in males, labia and clitoris in females, rectal stenosis, stricture
Chlamydia trachomatis-Immunotypes L1-L3
Tests
Frei Test: injection of killed organism into skin; delayed skin reaction develops if present (like Mantoux/ PPD); Delayed hypersensitivity test
Chlamydia trachomatis-Immunotypes L1-L3
Complications
STD
Tropical/Temperate zones
Chlamydia psittaci (pronounced sitachee) Pathogenicity
Psittacosis/ Ornithosis (pneumonia)
Infect birds
Enters respirator tract from inhalation of infected, dried bird feces and infects lung tissues
Chlamydia psittaci (pronounced sitachee) Tests
Isolated from blood, lung and sputum in fatal cases
Antibody tests
Chlamydia psittaci (pronounced sitachee) Complications
Obligate Intracellular
Chlamydia trachomatis- trachoma strain
Pathogenicity
Ocular strain
Chronic inflammation of conjunctiva
Repeated re-infections causes eyelid to turn inward
May be transmitted to other parts of body so don’t touch eye
Chlamydia trachomatis- trachoma strain
Tests
Diagnosed on basis of pathologic findings
Flourescent antibodies
Must be grown not on agar
Chlamydia trachomatis- trachoma strain
Complications
Obligate Intracellular (Must have a host cell)
Smallest and most primitive of cellular organisms
Endemic to Middle East; in USA
Organism unable to synthesize their own ATP but do everything else on their own
`
Chlamydia trachomatis- I.C. Strain
Pathogenicity
Inclusion Conjunctivitis, Venereal infections and Infant Pneumonitis
Venereal: Most common cause of Nongonocccal urethritis (NGU) in men, cervical infection, fallopian tube infection/ sterility in women, major etiological agent in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)-women
Infant: Infected at birth from birth canal, develop otitis media (middle ear) infection with same organism
Inclusion: babies born to infected mothers have mild eye infections, adults transmit thru fingers and towels and manifest acutely
Chlamydia trachomatis- I.C. Strain
Tests
Tear Antibody (use patients tears)
Giemsa stain
Immunoflourescence
Culture
Chlamydia trachomatis- I.C. Strain
Complications
Most prevalent STD Strain
Chlamydia trachomatis- I.C. Strain
AKA
TRIC= Trachoma- Inclusion Conjunctivitis
Treponema pallidum
Morphlogy
G-Spirochete (axial filament, peritrichous flagella)
Treponema pallidum
AKA
The Great Imitator
Treponema pallidum
Pathogenicity
Syphilis
4 stages:
1. Primary- Papule (hard chancre), w/I 3 weeks
2. Secondary- Lesions of mucous membranes, CNS, eye or bones; spirochetes isolated from lesions
3. Latent- 2/3 resolve, 1/3 go to tertiary
4. Tertiary- 3-30 years, gumma (granulomatous lesion) appears on body (heart, lungs, brain, anywhere)
Treponema pallidum
Tests
Darkfield Microscopy FTA (Flourescent antibody) Wasserman Kahn Kline Kolmer C.F. V.D.R.L.
Treponema pallidum
Complications
Organism present in lesion
Transmitted thru sexual contact, less commonly congenital
Immunity NOT conferred following infection
Treponema pallidum- variety endemic syphilis
Morphlogy
G-Spriochete
Treponema pallidum- variety endemic syphilis
Pathogenicity
Bejel- Endemicum, Non-Venereal childhood Syphillis
Oral mucosa manifests initial lesions, spreads to skin, bone, nasopharynx as gummata
Treponema pallidum- variety endemic syphilis
Complications
Person to person thru drinking + eating utinsils
Treponema pertenue
Morphlogy
G-Spriochete
Treponema pertenue
Pathogenicity
Yaws- affects jaws
Causes face disfigurement- once confused with leprosy
Treponema pertenue
Complications
Spread via open ulcers or by vectors such as flies
Treponema carateum
Morphlogy
G-Spriochete
Treponema carateum
Pathogenicity
Pinta- Red or flue flat areas
After long period of time de-pigmentation occurs
Treponema carateum
Complications
Spread via direct person to person contact
Treponema vincentii (Borrelia)
+
Bacteroides melaninogenicus
Morphology
G-Spirochete
+
G-Fusiform Rod
Treponema vincentii (Borrelia)
+
Bacteroides melaninogenicus
AKA
Vincent’s angina
Fusospirochetal disease
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
Treponema vincentii (Borrelia)
+
Bacteroides melaninogenicus
Pathogenicity
Trench Mouth- ulceration of the gums
Vincent’s angina/ fusospirochetal- ulceration of throat and tonsils
Foul oral smell of death*
Treponema vincentii (Borrelia)
+
Bacteroides melaninogenicus
Miscellaneous/ Complications
Normal inhabitants of oral cavity
Secondary invadors of an initial lesion
Sometimes has pseudomembrane formation
Must be together to cause problem
Borrelia recurrentis
Morphology
Spirochete- largest of pathogenic
Borrelia recurrentis
AKA
Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever
Borrelia recurrentis
Pathogenicity
Epidemic Relapsing Fever
Tenderness of spleen
Jaundice
Fever and Chills due to excessive spriochetes in blood
Borrelia recurrentis
Miscellaneous/ Complications
Cosmopolitan
Only species transmitted Human to Human via body louse
Borrelia duttonii
Morphology
Spirochete
Borrelia duttonii
AKA
Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever
Borrelia duttonii
Pathogenicity
Endemic Relapsing Fever
Similar to above
Borrelia duttonii
Miscellaneous/ Complications
Transovarial (transmitted to tick offspring)
Borrelia burgdorferi
AKA
Lyme Borreliosis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Pathogenicity
Lyme Disease
Spreads thru blood to organs like heart, joints and CNS
Target or bulls eye at site of bite
Rash called Erythema Chronicum Migrans
3 stages:
1. Painless rash (ECM)
2. Cardiac + Neurologic involvement, acute (aseptic) meningitis, cranial neuropathies=** 7th nerve palsy (Bell’s Palsy)
Borrelia burgdorferi
Tests
Detect IgM and rising IgG antibody by the ELISA or Immunofluoresence test
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
Western Blot Analyses
Borrelia burgdorferi
Miscellaneous/ Complications
Early Detection is key before it attacks heart
Acute (Aseptic) not bacterial and doesn’t grow on agar
Symptoms also include stiff neck, fever, headache, backache, arthritis, cardiac + neurological problems
Leptospira interrogans
Morphology
Spirochete
Leptospira interrogans
AKA
Weil’s Disease
Infectious Jaundice
Black Vomit
Leptospira interrogans
Pathogenicity
Hemorrhage of the skin
Multiplies in blood and infects liver, kidney, lungs, meninges and conjunctiva
Leptospira interrogans
Tests
Spirochete detection in blood and urine
Antibodies in 1 week Agglutination test
Leptospira interrogans
Miscellaneous/ Complications
Rare in US
Salmonella Food Poisoning
Infection, 2nd most common form of food poisoning
Staphylococcus Food Poisoning
Intoxication, Enterotoxin (exotoxin) is heat stable
Clostridium Botulinum
Food Poisoning: Intoxication, Toxin is heat labile (boiling inactivates toxin)
Listeria monocytogenes
soft cheeses, raw milk; spontaneous abortion, stillbirth meningitis septicemia, GI symptoms may precede
Yersinia enterocolitica
unpasteurized dairy products; abdominal pain in lower right quadrant, fever, diarrhea (mistaken for appendicitis)
Water is checked for E.Coli b/c
means fecal matter is present
Other organisms could be present typhoid bacillus, hepatitis virus, polio virus, desentary bacilli, amoebic dysentery; E.coli is easiest to test for
Classical test
Coliform Test
Coliform Test
3 steps
Step 1
- presumptive: lactose containing broth has durham tube and phenol red for pH indicator
Coliform Test
3 steps
Step 2
- Confirmed: Lactose culture (+ yellow), acid, gas (durham tube); metallic green colonies bc pH drops= E. coli; purple, mucoid colonies= Enterobacter aerogenes
Coliform Test
3 steps
Step 3
- Completed: re-inoculate into lactose broth as in presumptive and test again to make sure
