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Anatomy > Micro 1 Final > Flashcards

Micro 1 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Franciella tularensis

Morphology

A

G-R
Pleomorphic
Small

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2
Q

Franciella tularensis

AKA

A

Rabbit Fever
Hunter’s Disease
Market Fever

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3
Q

Franciella tularensis

Pathogenicity

A

Ulceroglandular: Direct contact on fingers=punched out lesion. Regional lymph swelling. Blood to liver to spleen (possibly lungs)

Pneumonic: Blood or inhalation. High mortality, spead person to person.

Typhoidal: Ingest contaminated food or water. GI disturbance and fever

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4
Q

Franciella tularensis

Tests

A

Smears from skin lesions- F.A. stain
Lung= sputum cultured
GI=gastric washing cultured

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5
Q

Franciella tularensis
Miscellaneous
Complications

A 
Zoonosis
Via bare or broken skin
Fleas, ticks, rabbit lice
Inhalation of dust contaminated by rodents
Tulare CA 1912
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6
Q

Bacillus Anthracis

Morphology

A

G+R

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7
Q

Bacillus Anthracis

AKA

A

Wool sorter’s disease
Black Eschar
Charbon
Anthrax

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8
Q

Bacillus Anthracis

Pathogenicity

A 
Has Protein Capsule
Typically acquired thru spores
3 Types based on portal of entry
1.	Cutaneous (most common)
2.	Respiratory
3.	Intestinal
Black central crust=AKA
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9
Q

Bacillus Anthracis

Tests

A

none

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10
Q

Bacillus Anthracis
Miscellaneous
Complications

A

Occupational Disease
Sheep, Cattle
First pathogen to be seen under microscope
First bacterium proven to be cause of specific disease

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11
Q

Haemophilus influenza

Morphology

A

G-R

Small

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12
Q

Haemophilus influenza

AKA

A

Pfeiffer’s Bacillus

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13
Q

Haemophilus influenza

Pathogenicity

A

Rash=Meningitis
Inflammation of epiglottis
“X” Factor (heme) and “V” Factor (NID/ Coenzyme I)
Exhibits Satellism in presence of S. aureus

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14
Q

Haemophilus influenza

Tests

A

Neufeld-Quelling Test (Capsular Swelling)

Requires blood for growth

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15
Q

Haemophilus influenza

Complications

A

Opportunist-Secondary Invader
Blood Lover
B=Bad (6 kinds, A-F and B has capsule)

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16
Q

Haemophilus aegyptius

Morphology

A

G-R

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17
Q

Haemophilus aegyptius

AKA

A

H. conjunctivitis
Koch-weeks bacillus
H. influenza biotype III

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18
Q

Haemophilus aegyptius

Pathogenicity

A

Conjunctivitis= Pink eye
Like having sand in eye
Similar to Gonorrhea
Very Contagious

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19
Q

Haemophilus aegyptius

Tests

A

Resembles H. Influenza- cannot tell the difference on a smear

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20
Q

Haemophilus aegyptius

Complications

A

ALL Haemophilus like Blood (Hae=blood, phil=loving)

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21
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi

Morphology

A

G-R

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22
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi

AKA

A

none

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23
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi

Pathogenicity

A

Chancroid= soft chancre= STD, genital ulcer with swelling and pain
Buboes- enlarged lymph nodes
Transmitted thru Sexual Contact
Mostly males, asymptomatic in females

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24
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi

Tests

A

Blood agar plates w/I 10 minutes

Ducrey Skin Test

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25
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi

Complications

A 
No Immunity
Remain postive for years
“do cry” b/c it’s an STD and painful
Syphillis has Chancre but it’s not painful
Similar
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26
Q

Boretella pertussis

Morphology

A

G-R
Small
Aerobic

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27
Q

Boretella pertussis

AKA

A

none

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28
Q

Boretella pertussis

Pathogenicity

A

Whooping Cough/Pertussis
4 virulence factors= Toxins it produces
3 stages manifested:
1. Catarrhal- 1-2 weeks upper respiratory infection, non-productive cough (no sputum)
2. Paroxsymal- few days to weeks. Repeated cough w/o inhale when finally able to inhale=whooping noise. Vomiting, clear stringy mucous. Hemorrhage/ convulsions. Staph or Haemo may invade
3. Convalescent- 2-4 wks. Occasional cough/whoop for year

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29
Q

Boretella pertussis

Tests

A

Bordet-Gengou Agar Plate (has potato)- pt cough straight onto plate b/c org. doesn’t like swabbing
DPT Vaccine
F.A. nasophary. smear

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30
Q

Boretella pertussis

Complications

A

Human respiratory tract
Spread by respiratory droplets
Mostly disease of Young

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31
Q

Legionella pneumophilia

Morphology

A

G-R

Aerobic

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32
Q

Legionella pneumophilia

Pathogenicity

A 
Legionnarie’s diease=Pneumonia
Warm water- hot tub, vapur, mist, ac systems, water heater
Probably transmitted thru respiratory
Asymptomatic to Deadly
Disorientation
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33
Q

Legionella pneumophilia

Tests

A

Giminez Technique- infected lung tissue put into guinea pigs

Immunofluorescence provides rapid diagnostic test

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34
Q

Legionella pneumophilia

Complications

A

Immunosuppressed pts
Avoids our phagocytes=
smart guys
Found at veterans conference, everyone got sick b/c air system
Pontiac fever=same org. causes less severe illness (no pneumonia just flu)

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35
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Morphology

A

G-R

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36
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

AKA

A

Blue Pus

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37
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pathogenicity

A

Wound + burn infections
Cystic fibrosis
In plants (so no plants in ICU or burn units can infect pts)
Nosocomial

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38
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Complications

A

Targets immunosuppressed pts.
Very resistant: drugs, temp
Blue Pigment=Pyocyanin
Opportunistic

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39
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Morphology

A

no cell wall

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40
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

AKA

A

Eaton’s Agent

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41
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Pathogenicity

A 
Walking Pneumonia
Damages upper respiratory epithelium
Binds to cilia in Resp. Tract
Not very contagious
2-3 week duration
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42
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Tests

A

Cold Agglutinins (antibodies- IGG)- clots RBC

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43
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Complications

A

Smallest pathogen that can live outside of cell
Lack rigid cell wall
Mycoplasma=smallest free living self-replicating units
#1 cause of Bronchitis
Teens/young adults in late summer/ early fall

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44
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

Morphology

A

G-Cocci/Rod

Pleomorphic

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45
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

Pathogenicity

A

Rocking Mountain Spotted Fever
Maculopapular Rash (painful + breaks capillaries=proliferates endothelium)
VECTOR: TICKS

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46
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

Tests

A

Weil-Felix Agglutination Reaction: persons serum + PROTEUS

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47
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

Complications

A

Arthropod
Obligate Intracellular
Wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni)= Western US
Dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis)= Eastern US
Reservoir= mammal/bird
Spotted Fever Group

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48
Q

Rickettsia prowazeki

Morphology

A

G-Cocci/Rod

Pleomorphic

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49
Q

Rickettsia prowazeki

Pathogenicity

A

Epidemic typhus (louse-borne)
Growth in blood vessel endothelium and high temperatures
Macular rash on trunk, spreads to extremities
Death occurs by myocardial/ neurological problem w/i 2-3 weeks
Brills Disease/ Brill-Zinsser= pt had disease and is carrier. May reoccur in milder form w/o rash
VECTOR: LICE

50
Q

Rickettsia prowazeki

Tests

A

Weil-Felix Agglutination Reaction: persons serum + PROTEUS

51
Q

Rickettsia prowazeki

Complications

A 
Arthropod
Obligate Intracellular
Substandard living conditions
Human body louse is the vector
Transmitted: feces, vomit, louse bite. Louse feces may be scratched into bite
Napolean’s Retreat
40-60% pts are over 60 yo
Mortality lowest in children
Hypotension
Oligera (some “O” word, no details in class)
52
Q

Rickettsia typhi

Morphology

A

G-Cocci/Rod

Pleomorphic

53
Q

Rickettsia typhi

Pathogenicity

A 
Endemic typhus (murine typhus)= mild form of typhus
VECTOR: RAT FLEAS
54
Q

Rickettsia typhi

Complications

A

Arthropod
Obligate Intracellular
Reservoir= rat the infection is not apparent + long lasting

55
Q

Rickettsialpox

Morphology

A

G-Cocci/Rod

Pleomorphic

56
Q

Rickettsialpox

Pathogenicity

A

Transmitted by Rickettsia akari
Reservoir=Mice
Vector=Mite (like dust mite)

57
Q

Rickettsialpox

Complications

A

Mild disease with rash like varicella

58
Q

Scrub typhus

Morphology

A

G-Cocci/Rod

Pleomorphic

59
Q

Scrub typhus

Pathogenicity

A

Transmitted by R. tsutsugamushi
Reservoir= Rodents
Vector= Mite

60
Q

Q Fever

Morphology

A

G-Cocci/Rod

Pleomorphic

61
Q

Q Fever

Pathogenicity

A

Transmitted via Coxiella burnetti
Reservoir=Cattle, Sheep, Goats
Vector=None; inhalation of dust

62
Q

Q Fever

Complications

A

Resembles influenza or nonbacterial pneumonia
Seen in cattle herds in California (stinkin librals)
*Forms Endospores

63
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis-Immunotypes L1-L3

Pathogenicity

A

Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)
3 stages:
1. Incubation 1-3 weeks, blisters on genitals, urethra + anal canal, shallow ulcer forms (painless + overlooked)
2. Weeks 2-4, invades *inguinal + pelvic lymph causing buboes, fever, aches, arthritic + conjunctival symptoms, may involve CNS
3. Urogenitoperineal syndrome, Elephantiasis of penis + scrotum in males, labia and clitoris in females, rectal stenosis, stricture

64
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis-Immunotypes L1-L3

Tests

A

Frei Test: injection of killed organism into skin; delayed skin reaction develops if present (like Mantoux/ PPD); Delayed hypersensitivity test

65
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis-Immunotypes L1-L3

Complications

A

STD

Tropical/Temperate zones

66
Q 
Chlamydia psittaci (pronounced sitachee)
Pathogenicity
A

Psittacosis/ Ornithosis (pneumonia)
Infect birds
Enters respirator tract from inhalation of infected, dried bird feces and infects lung tissues

67
Q 
Chlamydia psittaci (pronounced sitachee)
Tests
A

Isolated from blood, lung and sputum in fatal cases

Antibody tests

68
Q 
Chlamydia psittaci (pronounced sitachee)
Complications
A

Obligate Intracellular

69
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis- trachoma strain

Pathogenicity

A

Ocular strain
Chronic inflammation of conjunctiva
Repeated re-infections causes eyelid to turn inward
May be transmitted to other parts of body so don’t touch eye

70
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis- trachoma strain

Tests

A

Diagnosed on basis of pathologic findings
Flourescent antibodies
Must be grown not on agar

71
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis- trachoma strain

Complications

A

Obligate Intracellular (Must have a host cell)
Smallest and most primitive of cellular organisms
Endemic to Middle East; in USA
Organism unable to synthesize their own ATP but do everything else on their own
`

72
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis- I.C. Strain

Pathogenicity

A

Inclusion Conjunctivitis, Venereal infections and Infant Pneumonitis
Venereal: Most common cause of Nongonocccal urethritis (NGU) in men, cervical infection, fallopian tube infection/ sterility in women, major etiological agent in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)-women
Infant: Infected at birth from birth canal, develop otitis media (middle ear) infection with same organism
Inclusion: babies born to infected mothers have mild eye infections, adults transmit thru fingers and towels and manifest acutely

73
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis- I.C. Strain

Tests

A

Tear Antibody (use patients tears)
Giemsa stain
Immunoflourescence
Culture

74
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis- I.C. Strain

Complications

A

Most prevalent STD Strain

75
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis- I.C. Strain

AKA

A

TRIC= Trachoma- Inclusion Conjunctivitis

76
Q

Treponema pallidum

Morphlogy

A

G-Spirochete (axial filament, peritrichous flagella)

77
Q

Treponema pallidum

AKA

A

The Great Imitator

78
Q

Treponema pallidum

Pathogenicity

A

Syphilis
4 stages:
1. Primary- Papule (hard chancre), w/I 3 weeks
2. Secondary- Lesions of mucous membranes, CNS, eye or bones; spirochetes isolated from lesions
3. Latent- 2/3 resolve, 1/3 go to tertiary
4. Tertiary- 3-30 years, gumma (granulomatous lesion) appears on body (heart, lungs, brain, anywhere)

79
Q

Treponema pallidum

Tests

A 
Darkfield Microscopy
FTA (Flourescent antibody)
Wasserman
Kahn
Kline
Kolmer
C.F.
V.D.R.L.
80
Q

Treponema pallidum

Complications

A

Organism present in lesion
Transmitted thru sexual contact, less commonly congenital
Immunity NOT conferred following infection

81
Q

Treponema pallidum- variety endemic syphilis

Morphlogy

A

G-Spriochete

82
Q

Treponema pallidum- variety endemic syphilis

Pathogenicity

A

Bejel- Endemicum, Non-Venereal childhood Syphillis

Oral mucosa manifests initial lesions, spreads to skin, bone, nasopharynx as gummata

83
Q

Treponema pallidum- variety endemic syphilis

Complications

A

Person to person thru drinking + eating utinsils

84
Q

Treponema pertenue

Morphlogy

A

G-Spriochete

85
Q

Treponema pertenue

Pathogenicity

A

Yaws- affects jaws

Causes face disfigurement- once confused with leprosy

86
Q

Treponema pertenue

Complications

A

Spread via open ulcers or by vectors such as flies

87
Q

Treponema carateum

Morphlogy

A

G-Spriochete

88
Q

Treponema carateum

Pathogenicity

A

Pinta- Red or flue flat areas

After long period of time de-pigmentation occurs

89
Q

Treponema carateum

Complications

A

Spread via direct person to person contact

90
Q

Treponema vincentii (Borrelia)
+
Bacteroides melaninogenicus
Morphology

A

G-Spirochete
+
G-Fusiform Rod

91
Q

Treponema vincentii (Borrelia)
+
Bacteroides melaninogenicus
AKA

A

Vincent’s angina
Fusospirochetal disease
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

92
Q

Treponema vincentii (Borrelia)
+
Bacteroides melaninogenicus
Pathogenicity

A

Trench Mouth- ulceration of the gums
Vincent’s angina/ fusospirochetal- ulceration of throat and tonsils
Foul oral smell of death*

93
Q

Treponema vincentii (Borrelia)
+
Bacteroides melaninogenicus
Miscellaneous/ Complications

A

Normal inhabitants of oral cavity
Secondary invadors of an initial lesion
Sometimes has pseudomembrane formation
Must be together to cause problem

94
Q

Borrelia recurrentis

Morphology

A

Spirochete- largest of pathogenic

95
Q

Borrelia recurrentis

AKA

A

Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever

96
Q

Borrelia recurrentis

Pathogenicity

A

Epidemic Relapsing Fever
Tenderness of spleen
Jaundice
Fever and Chills due to excessive spriochetes in blood

97
Q

Borrelia recurrentis

Miscellaneous/ Complications

A

Cosmopolitan

Only species transmitted Human to Human via body louse

98
Q

Borrelia duttonii

Morphology

A

Spirochete

99
Q

Borrelia duttonii

AKA

A

Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever

100
Q

Borrelia duttonii

Pathogenicity

A

Endemic Relapsing Fever

Similar to above

101
Q

Borrelia duttonii

Miscellaneous/ Complications

A

Transovarial (transmitted to tick offspring)

102
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

AKA

A

Lyme Borreliosis

103
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

Pathogenicity

A

Lyme Disease
Spreads thru blood to organs like heart, joints and CNS
Target or bulls eye at site of bite
Rash called Erythema Chronicum Migrans
3 stages:
1. Painless rash (ECM)
2. Cardiac + Neurologic involvement, acute (aseptic) meningitis, cranial neuropathies=** 7th nerve palsy (Bell’s Palsy)

104
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

Tests

A

Detect IgM and rising IgG antibody by the ELISA or Immunofluoresence test
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
Western Blot Analyses

105
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

Miscellaneous/ Complications

A

Early Detection is key before it attacks heart
Acute (Aseptic) not bacterial and doesn’t grow on agar

Symptoms also include stiff neck, fever, headache, backache, arthritis, cardiac + neurological problems

106
Q

Leptospira interrogans

Morphology

A

Spirochete

107
Q

Leptospira interrogans

AKA

A

Weil’s Disease
Infectious Jaundice
Black Vomit

108
Q

Leptospira interrogans

Pathogenicity

A

Hemorrhage of the skin

Multiplies in blood and infects liver, kidney, lungs, meninges and conjunctiva

109
Q

Leptospira interrogans

Tests

A

Spirochete detection in blood and urine

Antibodies in 1 week Agglutination test

110
Q

Leptospira interrogans

Miscellaneous/ Complications

A

Rare in US

111
Q

Salmonella Food Poisoning

A

Infection, 2nd most common form of food poisoning

112
Q

Staphylococcus Food Poisoning

A

Intoxication, Enterotoxin (exotoxin) is heat stable

113
Q

Clostridium Botulinum

A

Food Poisoning: Intoxication, Toxin is heat labile (boiling inactivates toxin)

114
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

soft cheeses, raw milk; spontaneous abortion, stillbirth meningitis septicemia, GI symptoms may precede

115
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica

A

unpasteurized dairy products; abdominal pain in lower right quadrant, fever, diarrhea (mistaken for appendicitis)

116
Q

Water is checked for E.Coli b/c

A

means fecal matter is present

Other organisms could be present typhoid bacillus, hepatitis virus, polio virus, desentary bacilli, amoebic dysentery; E.coli is easiest to test for

117
Q

Classical test

A

Coliform Test

118
Q

Coliform Test
3 steps
Step 1

A
  1. presumptive: lactose containing broth has durham tube and phenol red for pH indicator
119
Q

Coliform Test
3 steps
Step 2

A
  1. Confirmed: Lactose culture (+ yellow), acid, gas (durham tube); metallic green colonies bc pH drops= E. coli; purple, mucoid colonies= Enterobacter aerogenes
120
Q

Coliform Test
3 steps
Step 3

A
  1. Completed: re-inoculate into lactose broth as in presumptive and test again to make sure

Anatomy (22 decks)

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