Anatomy 3 test 1 Flashcards
What is the upper limb?
Upper limb is the most movable part for a human being.
Upper limb
4 parts
shoulder
arm
forearm
hand
between the shoulder and arm
connection shoulder
between arm and forearm
elbow
between forearm and hand
wrist
shoulder
3 parts
pectoral region
scapular region
lateral superscapular region
hand
3 parts
palm
dorsum
fingers
pectoral (shoulder) girdle
bones
scapula
clavicle
forearm bones
ulna
radius
arm bone
humerous
hand bones
carpus
metacarpus
phalanges
joints
connection shoulder
glenohumeral joint
joints
elbow
elbow joint
proximal radioulnar joint
joint
wrist
wrist joint
distal radioulnar joint
Similarities between upper and lower limbs
Bony Girdle
upper=pectoral girdle and free part
lower=pelvic girdle and free part
Axial bones
bones of head
bones of neck
bones of trunk
superior appendicular bone
pectoral girdle + free part
inferior appendicular bone
pelvic girdle + free part
pectoral girdle connects to
manubrium
pelvic girdle connects to
sacrum
proximal to distal
number of bones
increasing
proximal to distal
size of bones
decreasing
most proximal upper limb bone
humerous
most proximal lower limb bone
femur
2nd proximal lower limb bone
tibia and fibula
2nd proximal upper limb bone
radius and ulna
number of wrist bones
8
number of ankle bones
7
hand # of metacarpals
5
foot # of metatarsals
5
phalanges of hand
14
phalanges of foot
14
the iliac bones connect to the sacrum in a ____ but less ______ way than the connection between the pectoral girdle to manubrium
strong: movable
The scapulas of both sides don’t ______ but are _______.
connect: move
The iliac bones do _______ but are _______.
connect; immovable
The radius and ulna both articulate with the _______
humerous
What phalanges are most movable?
hand
Upper limb is _______; whereas the lower limb is _______.
flexable: stronger
The joint between the superior appendicular skeleton and axial skeleton is?
sternoclavicular joint
shoulder fixing muscles
axioappendicular muscles
Clavicle
parts
shaft
medial (sternal) end
lateral (acromial) end
Clavicle
enlarged end
medial
Clavicle
flat end
lateral
Clavicle
medial end articulates
manubrum
SC joint
Clavicle
lateral articulation
acromion of the scapula Acromioclavicular joint (AC joint)
Clavicle
superior surface is under
skin, subcutaneous n., platysma
Clavicle
inferior surface
rough due to attachements
Clavicle
conoid tubercle gives attachment
conoid ligament
Clavicle
trapezoid line gives attachment to
trapezoid lig.
Clavicle
What are the inferior ligaments know collectively?
coracoclavicular ligaments
Clavicle
subclavian groove
attachment of subclavius m
Clavicle
area for costoclavicular lig attachment
costoclavicular lig
Clavicle functions (3)
- Strut
- Canal
- Spring
Strut
definition
spacer from manubrium to upper limb for range of motion
canal
location
between clavicle,
scapula, and
1 st rib
Cervicoaxillary canal
Spring
function
decreases shock or impact from upper limb to axial skeleton
Scapula
location
posterolateral aspect of the thorax
Scapula
4 fossas
supraspinous
infraspinous
subscapular
glenoid fossas
Scapula
2 angles
superior
inferior
Scapula
3 borders
medial (vertebral)
lateral (axillary)
superior
Scapula
1 distinct feature
spine
Scapula
1 distinct feature of the spine
crest of spine
Scapula
2 processes
acromion
coracoid
Scapula
2 notches
suprascapular notch/ suprascapular foramen
spinoglenoid notch
Scapula
2 tubercles
supraglenoid tubercle
infraglenoid tubercle
Scapula
Glenoid fossa=
Glenoid cavity
The glenohumeral goint is the connection of
head of the humerous
glenoid cavity/ fossa
Scapula
flat expansion of the spine
acromion process
Scapula
Coracoid process provides attachment for
coracoiclavicular ligaments
Scapula
Suprascapular notch location
lateral third of superior border
Scapula
suprascapular notch crossed by a lig=
suprascapular foramen
Scapula
movement on thoracic wall by “imaginary joint”
scapulothoracic joint
Humerous
description
non-specific
largest bone in upper limb
Humerous
articulation
superior-scapula at glenohumeral joint
inferior-radius and ulna at elbow
Humerous superior portion (1)
head
Humerous
tuberosity 1
deltiod tuberosity
Humerous
1 _______ and 1______
capitulum
trochlea
Humerous
2 necks
anatomical
surgical
Humerous
2 tubercles
greater
lesser
Humerous
2 grooves
intertubecular groove
spiral (radial) groove
Humerous
2 crests
crest of greater tubercle
crest of lesser tubercle
Humerous
2 epicondyles
medial
lateral
Humerous
2 supracondylar ridges
medial
lateral
Humerous
3 surfaces
anteromedial
anterolateral
posterior
Humerous
3 fossas
radial
coronoid
olecranon
Humerous
head shape
half-round
Humerous
deltoid tuberosity attaches
deltoid m
Humerous
capitulum=
joint surface for head of radius
Humerous
trochlea=
joint surface for trochlear notch of ulna
Humerous
anatomical neck attaches
capsule of glenohumeral joint
Humerous
easy fracture point
surgical neck
Humerous
intertubercular groove is for
tendon of biceps m.
Humerous
spiral (radial) groove is for
radial n.
deep artery of the arm
Humerous
spiral (radial ) groove two side attachments
medial head
lateral head
triceps brachii
Humerous
radial fossa holds
head of radius
Humerous
coronoid fossa holds
coronoid process
Humerous
place for recieving the olecronon during full extension of elbow
olecranon fossa
Ulna
non-specific description
located medially
longer of the two forearm bones
Ulna
specialized for
articulation with humerous
Ulna
features
1 of what structures
head
supinator fossa
styloid process of ulna
ulnar tuberosity
Ulna
2 processes
olecranon
coronoid
Ulna
2 notches
troclear
radial
Ulna
3 borders
anterior
posterior
interosseous
Ulna
3 surfaces
anterior
posterior
medial
Ulna
supinator crest
location and attachment
under radial crest
supinator m.
Ulna
supinator fossa
attachment
supinator m.
Ulna
ulnar tuberosity
attachment
brachialis m.
Ulna
olecrenon process and coronoid process belong to
trochlear notch
Ulna
olecrenon process and coronoid process
act like
jaws of a wrench to hold trochlea of humerus
Ulna
olecrenon process and coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity allow
elbow joint to do flexion and extension
Ulna
radial notch recieves
head of the radius
Ulna
styloid process
location
head of ulna
Ulna
does not reach inferiorly
wrist joint (radiocarpal joint)
Radius
non-specific description
lateral
shorter of the two forarm bones
Radius
specialized for
articulation with carpal bones
Radius
features
1 of each (6 structures)
head neck radial tuberosity anterior oblique line ulnar notch styloid process of radius
Radius
2 areas for articulation
scaphoid articulation area
lunate articulation area
Radius
3 borders
anterior
posterior
interosseous (medial)
Radius
3 surfaces
anterior
posterior
lateral
Radius
head
shape and articulation
concave
- capitulum of humerus
- radial notch of ulna
Radius
Styloid process= _____than styloid process of ulna
longer
Radius
ulnar notch
shape and articulation
concavity
head of ulna
Carpals
number
8
Carpals
proximal row
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
Carpals
distal row
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate w/ hook of hamate
Carpals
Scaphoid shape
boat
Carpals
lunate shape
moon
Carpals
triquetrum shape
pyramidal
Carpals
pisiform shape
small, pea shaped
Carpals
trapezium shape
four sided
Carpals
trapezoid shape
wedge
Carpals
capitate shape
largest
head shaped
Carpals
hamate shape
wedge
with a hook called hook of hamate
Carpals
proximal row articulates
proximal-radius
distal-proximal surface of distal row
Carpals
distal row articulates
proximal-distal surface of proximal row
distal- metacarpals
Metacarpals
number
5
Metacarpals
features
base,
shaft,
head
Metacarpals
articulates
carpal bones
proximal phalanges
Metacarpals
articulates
forms
knuckles at phalange joint
Phalanges
number of bones per digit
3
proximal
middle
distal
Phalanges
exception
1st digit
Phalanges
smaller from
proximal to distal
Phalanges
structures
base
head
shaft
Phalanges
distal end becomes
flat
Superficial structure from superficial to deep
skin
subcutanreous tissue (fascia)
deep fascia
muscle
Deep fascia of upper limb
function
invest and seperate the muscles
Deep fascia of upper limb
pectoral fascia
attachments
clavicle and sternum
Deep fascia of upper limb
pectoral fascia
covers
pectoralis major
Deep fascia of upper limb
Clavipectoral fascia
attachments
sup-clavicle
inferior-axillary fascia
Deep fascia of upper limb
Clavipectoral fascia
covers
subclavian m
pectoralis minor
Deep fascia of upper limb
Clavipectoral fascia
divisions
costocoracoid fascia
suspensory ligament of the axilla
Deep fascia of upper limb
Clavipectoral fascia
costocoracoid fascia
location
between pectoralis minor and
subclavius m
Deep fascia of upper limb
Clavipectoral fascia
suspensory ligament of the axilla
location
below pectoralis minor
connecting with axillary fascia
Deep fascia of upper limb
Axillary fascia
connects and covers
with pectoralis major m
covers axilla
Deep fascia of upper limb
Deltoid fascia
covers
deltoid m.
acromion
scapular spine
Deep fascia of upper limb
deltoid fascia
continuous with
pectoral fascia anteriorly
infraspinous fascia posteriorly
Deep fascia of upper limb
supraspinous fascia
infraspinous fascia
covers
supra-supraspinatus m.
infra-infraspinatus m
Deep fascia of upper limb
Brachial fascia
covers and continuous with
arm (like a sleeve)
continuous with
deltoid fascia
pectoral fascia
axillary fascia superiorly
antebrachial fascia- inferiorly
Deep fascia of upper limb
Brachial fascia
attaches
epicondyles of the humerus
olecrenon of ulna
Deep fascia of upper limb
Medial and Lateral intermuscular septa
origin-insertion
origin-brachial fascia
insertion- two epicondylar ridges of humerus
Deep fascia of upper limb
Medial and Lateral intermuscular septa
divides arm into
anterior (flexor) fascial compartment
posterior (extensor) fascial compartment
Deep fascia of upper limb
Antebrachial fascia
encloses
muscles of the forearm
Deep fascia of upper limb
extensor retinaculum
location
posteriorly on the distal part of the forearm
Deep fascia of upper limb
palmer carpal ligament
location
anteriorly on the distal part of the forearm
Deep fascia of upper limb
flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)
location
anterior and deep to the palmer carpal lig.
Deep fascia of upper limb
palmar fascia
2 parts
palmar aponeurosis
superficial transverse metacarpal ligament
Deep fascia of upper limb
palmar fascia
central part
palmar aponeurosis
Deep fascia of upper limb
palmar fascia
continuous with tendon of palmaris longus m.
palmar aponeurosis
Deep fascia of upper limb
palmar fascia
distal part of palmar aponeurosis
fibrous (tendon) sheaths of the digits
Deep fascia of upper limb
palmar fascia
what crosses the sheaths of the digits
Superficial transverse metacarpal ligament
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
Suprascapular nerves
(C3,C4)
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
Superclavicular nn
supplies
clavicle
superolateral aspect of pectoralis major m area
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm
(C5-C8)
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm
supplies
posterior skin of arm
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm
branch of
radial n
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm
(C5-C8)
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm
supplies
posterior skin of the forearm
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm
branch of
radial n
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
(C5-C6)
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
supplies
deltoid skin
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
branch of
terminal branch of axillary
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
(C5-C6)
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
supplies
inferolateral of arm
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
branch of
radial n.
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
(C6-C7)
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
supplies
lateral skin of forearm
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
branch of
musculocutaneous n
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
(C8-T2)
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
supplies
medial skin of the arm
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
branch of
medial cord of the brachial plexus
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
intercostobrachial N
(T2)
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
intercostobrachial N
supplies
medial skin of arm
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
intercostobrachial N
branch of
2nd intercostal n
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
Medial cutaneous n of the forearm
(C8-T1)
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
Medial cutaneous n of the forearm
supplies
anterior and medial skin of the forearm
Cutaneous Nerves of the Upper Limb
Medial cutaneous n of the forearm
branch of
medial cord of brachial plexus
Dermatome
Forester
cutaneous distribution by anatomical finding and clinical
Dermatome
Keegan and Garrett
development of cutaneous nerves
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
Main veins
cephalic
basilic
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
Main veins
origin
dorsal veinous network
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
dorsal venous network
location
dorsum of the hand
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
Cephalic vein
begins and travels where
dorsum of the hand
up the lateral side of the elbow
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
Cephalic vein
connects with
median cubical vein
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
median cubical vein
travels and joins
across the cubital fossa
joins the basilic vein
Where is the deltopectoral groove?
between the deltoid and pectoralis major
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
Cephalic vein trunk
travels from the basilic vein to
deltopectoral groove
clivipectoral triangle
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
Cephalic vein trunk
peirces
into costocoracoid membrane (fascia) to join the axillary vein
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
basilic vein
path
medial side of forearm
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
basilic vein
pierces
brachial fascia
Superficial Veins of the Upper Limb
basilic vein
runs parallel with
brachial artery
Superficial Lymphatic drainage of the Upper Limb
small lymph nodes enter into
cubital lymph nodes (medial to basilica v)
Superficial Lymphatic drainage of the Upper Limb
cubital lymph nodes (medial to basilica v)
terminate into
humeral (lateral) axillary lymph nodes
Superficial Lymphatic drainage of the Upper Limb
accompany cephalic v.
apical axillary lymph nodes
deltopectoral lymph nodes
What four muscles connect the anterior axial bones to the anterior appendicular bones?
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis Minor
subclavius m
serratia anterior m
What anterior axioappendicular muscles are in the deep of pectoralis major?
subcalvius
pectoralis minor
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis major
covers
most of the thorax and axilla
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis major
two heads
clavicular
sternocostal
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis major
deltopectoral groove
between pectoralis major and deltoid
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis major
deltopectoral triangle contains
groove
costocoracoid membrane
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis major
functions
adduct the arm
rotate the arm
clavicular head independant-flex the humerus
sternocostal head independant- pull back the humerus
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis major
test for strength
pt. abduct arm to 90 degrees,
pt. moves anteriorly against dr. resistance
dr. palpates the clavicular head
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis major
innervation
lateral pectoral n (C5-C7)
medial pectoral n. (C8-T1)
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis major
medial pectoral n.
penetrates
pectoralis minor m.
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis minor
shape
triangular
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis minor
attaches proximal
anterior end of 3rd-5th ribs
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis minor
apex (distal) attachment
coracoid process of scapula
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis minor
functions
fix the scapula if needed to catch
lift ribs to recieve more air
works as a band to hold big nerves and vessels
anterior axioappendicular muscles
pectoralis minor
innervation
medial pectoral n
C8-T1
anterior axioappendicular muscles
subclavius m.
shape
small, round
anterior axioappendicular muscles
subclavius m.
location
inferior to the clavicle w/ longitundinal position
anterior axioappendicular muscles
subclavius m.
attachment proximal
1st rib
anterior axioappendicular muscles
subclavius m.
distal attachment
middle third of clavicle
anterior axioappendicular muscles
subclavius m.
function
fixes clavicle if upper limb moves
protects subclevian vessels
anterior axioappendicular muscles
subclavius m.
innervation
nerve to subclavian m.
C5-C6
anterior axioappendicular muscles
serratus anterior m
shape
broad sheet muscles
looks like a saw
serratus=saw
anterior axioappendicular muscles
covers
lateral side of thorax and becomes medial all of axilla
anterior axioappendicular muscles
serratus anterior m
proximal attachment
1st-8th ribs
anterior axioappendicular muscles
serratus anterior m
distal attachment
anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
anterior axioappendicular muscles
serratus anterior m
functions
protraction for scapula
rotation for scapula
fixation for scapula
anterior axioappendicular muscles
serratus anterior m
innervation
long thoracic n
C5-C7
anterior axioappendicular muscles
serratus anterior m
clinical
injury to long thoracic n.
muscle paralysis
scapula moves posterior and inferior away from thoracic wall
anterior axioappendicular muscles
serratus anterior m
deformation of scapula due to injury of long thoracis n.=
winged scapula
posterior axioappendicular and scapulohumeral muscles of upper limb
3 groups
- superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
- deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
- scapulohumeral muscles
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
2 muscles
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
3 muscles
levator scapulae
rhomboidus major
rhomboidus minor
scapulohumeral muscles
6 muscles
deltoid teres major supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis
Rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Trapezius
shape
large, triangular
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Trapezius
covers
posterior neck
posterior superior half of trunk
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Trapezius
proximal attachment
superior nuchal line
EOP
nuchal lig
spinous process of C7-T12
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Trapezius
distal attachment
lateral third of clavicle
acromion
spine of scapula
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Trapezius
distal fibers
division
superior
middle
inferior
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Trapezius
fiber function
superior-elevate scapula
middle- retracts the scapula
inferior- depresses the scapula
superior + inferior- rotate the scapula
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Trapezius
innervation
Accessory N CN XI
C3-C4
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Latissimus Dorsi
shape
large and broad triangular muscle
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Latissimus Dorsi
covers
posterior aspect of back
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Latissimus Dorsi
proximal attachment
spinous process of T7-T12
thoracolumbar fascia
iliac crest
inferior 3 or 4 ribs
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Latissimus Dorsi
distal attachment
floor of the intertubercular groove of humerus
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Latissimus Dorsi
function
extends humerus
rotates humerus medially
w/ pectoralis major—powerful adducts humerus
when climbing-raises the body
superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles
Latissimus Dorsi
innervation
tharcodorsal n (C6-8)
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
levator scapulae
covered by
trapezius
SCM
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
levator scapulae
proximal attachment
transverse process of C1-C4
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
levator scapulae
distal attachment
superior part of medial border of scapula
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
levator scapulae
function
elevates the scapula in combo with sup. trapezius
rotates the scapula in combo with rhomboid minor and pectoralis minor
extends the neck bilaterally
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
levator scapulae
innervation
dorsal scapular n. C5
Cervical n. C3-4
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
rhomboieus major
deep to
trapezius
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
rhomboieus major
proximal attachment
Spinous of T2-T5
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
rhomboieus major
distal attachment
medial border of scapula
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
rhomboieus minor
proximal attachment
Spinous process C7-T1
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
rhomboieus minor
distal attachment
superior third of medial scapula
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
rhomboieus major + minor
function
retracts the scapula
rotates the scapula to tilt the glenoid cavity down
holds and fixes the scapula to the thorax if the serratus anterior m. contract and pull the scapula forward
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
rhomboieus major + minor
innervation
dorsal scapular n. C4-C5
deep posterior axioappendicular muscles
rhomboieus major + major
clinical
injury to dorsal scapular n.=rhomboid mm paralyzed
then scapula will be located farther from the midline than normal side
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
What do these muscles connect?
the scapula with the humerus
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
deltoid
covers
shoulder–forms a round contour for shoulder
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
deltoid
3 parts
anterior
posterior
middle
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
deltoid
proximal attachment
lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
deltoid
distal
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
deltoid
functions
abducts the arm when three parts work together
anterior part flexes the arm and rotates it medially
posterior part extends the arm and rotates it laterally
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
deltoid
innervation
axillary n C5-C6
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
Teres Major
proximal attachment
posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
Teres Major
distal
medial lip of intertubeculuar groove of humerus
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
Teres Major
function
adducts the arm
rotates the arm medially
Scapulohumeral muscles of the upper limb
Teres Major
innervation
lower subscapular n C5-C6
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
forms what?
musculotendinous rotator cuff surrounding the glenohumeral joint
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
supraspinatus
location
supraspinous fossa
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
supraspinatus
function
initiates the abduction of the arm and assists deltoid
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
supraspinatus
innervation
suprascapular n C4-C6
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
infraspinatus
location
infraspinus fossa
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
infraspinatus
function
rotates arm laterally
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
infraspinatus
innervation
suprascapular n.C5-C6
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
teres minor
function
rotates arm laterally
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
teres minor
innervation
axillary n C5-C6
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
subscapularis
function
rotates arm medially
adducts the arm
Rotator Cuff muscles (SITS)
subscapularis
innervation
upper and lower subscapular n. C5-C7
Axilla
location
at the junction of arm and thorax
inferior to the glenohumeral joint
superior to the axillary fascia
Why are people ticklish?
to protect the axilla
Axilla
features
apex
base
four walls
Axilla
Apex
AKA
cervicoaxillary canal
Axilla
Apex
passageway between
neck and the axilla
Axilla
Apex
bounded by
1st rib
clavicle
superior edge of scapula
Axilla
Base
formed by
skin
subcutaeous tissue
axillary deep fascia
Axilla
Base
AKA
axillary fossa
armpit
Axilla
Base
four edges
anterior axillary fold
posterior axillary fold
thoracic wall
medial aspect of arm
Axilla
anterior wall
formed by
pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
Axilla
anterior wall
inferior part
anterior axillary fold
Axilla
posterior wall
formed by
scapular bone
subscapularis m
teres major
latissimus dorsi
Axilla
posterior wall
inferior part
posterior axillary fold
Axilla
medial wall
formed by
thoracic wall (1st-4th rib) associated muscles serratus anterior
Axilla
lateral wall
formed by
intertubercular groove on the humerus
Axilla
contents
axillary blood vessles
lymphatic vessels and nodes
large nerves covered by axillary sheath
(All filled by axillary fat)
Axilla
arteries
main trunk
axillary artery
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
ends
brachial artery at the inferior border of teres major
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
covered by
pectoralis minor
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
1st part branch
superior thoracic a
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
2nd part branches
thoracoacromial a
lateral thoracic a
Axilla
arteries
axillary artery
3rd part branches
subscapular a
anterior circumflex humerus a
posterior circumflex humeral a
Axilla arteries axillary artery superior thoracic a arises
from axillary artery
inferior to the subclavius m
Axilla arteries axillary artery superior thoracic a supplies
subclavius m.
intercostal mm
1st and 2nd intercostal space
serratus anterior
Axilla arteries axillary artery thoracoacromial a pierces
costocoracoid membrane
Axilla arteries axillary artery thoracoacromial a four branches
acromial
deltoid
pectoral
clavicle
Axilla arteries axillary artery lateral thoracic a possible origins
thoracodorsal a
suprascapular a
subscapular a
Axilla arteries axillary artery lateral thoracic a supplies
pectoral mm
serratus mm
intercostal mm
breast
Axilla arteries axillary artery subscapular a size
large
Axilla arteries axillary artery subscapular a descends along with
subscapular m
Axilla arteries axillary artery subscapular a divides into
circumflex scapular artery
thoracodorsal a
Axilla arteries axillary artery subscapular a circumflex scapular a supplies
muscles on the dorsum of scapula
Axilla arteries axillary artery subscapular a thoracodorsal a supplies
latissimus dorsi
Axilla arteries axillary artery anterior circumflex humeral a goes between
coracobrachialis m
humerus bone
supplies shoulder
Axilla arteries axillary artery posterior circumflex humeral a accompanies
axillar n.
goes through quadrangular space
Axilla arteries axillary artery posterior circumflex humeral a supplies
glenohumeral joint and surrounding m
Axilla arteries axillary artery posterior circumflex humeral a encircles ?
surgical neck of humerus along with anterior circumflex humeral a. anastomosis
Axilla
veins
Axillary vein
from basilic v
Axilla
Axillary vein
path
anteromedial side of axillary a
Axilla
lymph
node groups
Pectoral (anterior)
Subscapular (posterior
Humeral (lateral
Central
Apical
Axilla
lymph
pectoral group
number and location
3-4
inferior border of pectoral m
Axilla
lymph
pectoral group
collect from
anterior wall and most of breast
Axilla
lymph
subscapular group
number and location
6-7
posterior border of axilla
Axilla
lymph
subscapular group
collects from
posterior aspect of throracic wall and scapular region
Axilla
lymph
humeral group
number and location
4-6
lateral wall of axilla
Axilla
lymph
humeral group
collects from
most of upper limb—-
except for lymph vessels with cephalic vein
Axilla
lymph
central group
path in and out
receives from three groups—–
sends to apical
Axilla
lymph
apical group
location
apex of axilla
Axilla
lymph
apical group
collects from
all groups listed +
lymph vessels from cephalic vein
Axilla
lymph
apical group
sends lymph to
out of cervicoaxillary canal to subclavian lymphatic trunk
right lymphatic duct-right side
thoracic duct-left side
Brachial Plexus
made of
anterior rami of C5-C8 + T1 sn
Brachial Plexus
located in two places
neck
axilla
Brachial Plexus
divisions by clavicle
supraclavicular part
infraclavicular part
Brachial Plexus
divisions—elements
stems
branches
Brachial Plexus
branches from end of brachial plexus
terminal branches
Brachial Plexus
main stem segments
root
trunk
division
cord
Brachial Plexus
root
beginning part (not the root in vertebral canal)
Brachial Plexus
trunk
superior
C5-C6
Brachial Plexus
trunk
middle
C7
Brachial Plexus
trunk
inferior
C8-T1
Brachial Plexus
divisions
anterior
posterior
Brachial Plexus
cord
lateral cord
anterior divisions unite from
superior +middle
Brachial Plexus
cord
medial cord
anterior division from inferior trunk
Brachial Plexus
posterior cord
posterior divisions from all trunks
Brachial Plexus
orientation is related to
axillary artery
Brachial Plexus
root location
between anterior scalene and middle scalene
Brachial Plexus
trunk location
accompanies subclavian a and v. under the clavicle
Brachial Plexus
division location
apex of axilla
Brachial Plexus
cord location
in axilla and surrounding the axillar a
Brachial Plexus
bracnhes
supraclavicular part
roots
dorsal scapular n.
long thoracic n
Brachial Plexus
bracnhes
supraclavicular part
trunk
n. to subclavian m.
suprascapular n
Brachial Plexus bracnhes infraclavicular part cords pectoral + subscapular
lateral pectoral n
medial pectoral n.
upper subscapular n.
middle subscapular n. (thoracodorsal n.)
lower subscapular n.
Brachial Plexus bracnhes infraclavicular part cords cutaneous n.
musculocutaneous n
medial cutaneous n. of arm
medial cutaneous n. of forearm
Brachial Plexus bracnhes infraclavicular part cords 4 more
median n
ulnar n
axillary n
radial n.
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
dorsal scapular
rhomboid m.
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
long thoracic n.
serratus ant
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
n. to subclavian m,
subclavian m
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
lateral pectoral n
pectoralis major
sometimes part of pectoralis minor
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
suprascapular n
supraspinatus m
infraspinatus m
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
medial pectoral n
mainly pectoralis minor
part of pectoralis major
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
upper subscapular
upper part of subscapular m
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
middle subscapular n (thoracodorsal)
latissimus dorsi
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
lower subscapular n
lower part of subscapular m +
teres major
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
musculocutaneous n.
NAMA&LSF
anterior muscle of arm and
lateral skin of forearm
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
medial cutaneous n. of arm
medial skin of arm
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
median cutaneous n. of forearm
middle skin of forearm
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
median n
muscles of the anterior forearm compartment
five intrinsic muscles in ulnar half of palm
palmar skin
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
ulnar n.
flexor carpi ulnaris m.
ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus m
most intrinsic muscles of hand
skin of hand medial to the axial line of digit 4
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
axillary n.
glenohumeral joint
deltoid m
teres minor
skin of superolateral arm
Brachial Plexus
distribution of branches
radial n.
to all muscles of posterior compartments of arm and forearm
skin of posterior and inferolateral arm
posterior forearm
dorsum of the hand lateral to axial line of digit 4
Brachial Plexus
injuries name
Erb-Duchenne palsy
Klumpke paralysis
What cause injury to the superior part of the brachial plexus typically?
excessive increase in angle between neck and shoulder
Typical characteristic of a superior trunk injury?
limb hangs by the side in medial rotation
Brachial Plexus
superior trunk injury aka
Erb-Ducenne palsy
Erb-Ducenne palsy
what muscles are paralyzed
deltoid
biceps
brachialis
brachiradialis
Erb-Ducenne palsy
clinic findings
adducted shoulder
medially rotated arm
extended elbow
Klumpke paralysis
injury to
inferior cord of brachial plexus
generally C8-T1
Klumpke paralysis
muscles affected
muscles of the hand (claw hand)
Klumpke paralysis
usually caused by
grasping something and suddenly falling
Arm
begins at
ends at
begins-shoulder
ends-elbow
Arm
two joints
elbow
glenohumeral joint
Arm
movements
flexion
extension
pronation
suppination at elbow only
Muscles of the Arm
divided by
medial and lateral intermuscular septum
Muscles of the Arm
compartments
anterior
posterior
Muscles of the Arm
anterior compartment
biceps brachii m
brachialis m
coracobrachialis
Muscles of the Arm
posterior compartment
triceps brachii
anconeus
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
long head
proximal attachment
supraglenoid tubercle of humerus
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
long head
distal attachment
tuberosity on radius
bicipital aponeurosis
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
short head
proximal attachment
coracoid process of scapula
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
short head
distal attachment
tuberosity on radius
bicipital aponeurosis
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
long head
travels
intertubercular groove of the humerus
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
bicipital aponeurosis
merged with
antebrachial fascia of forearm
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
crosses 3 joints
glenohumeral joint
elbow joint
radioulnar joint
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
does it attach to the humerus?
no
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
movement
elbow extended=only flexion
elbow at 90 degrees + forearm suppinated=
powerful flexion
elbow at 90 degrees + forearm pronated=
supination
Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii m
innervation
musculocutaneous n C5-C6
coracobrachialis
proximal attachment
coracoid process of scapula
Muscles of the Arm
coracobrachialis m
distal attachment
middle third of medial surface of humerus
Muscles of the Arm
coracobrachialis m
movement
helps flexion and adduction of arm
Muscles of the Arm
coracobrachialis m
innervation
musculocutaneous n C5-C6
Muscles of the Arm
brachialis m
located
deep to biceps bracii
Muscles of the Arm
brachialis m
proximal attachment
distal half of anterior surface of humerus
Muscles of the Arm
brachialis m
distal attachment
coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna
Muscles of the Arm
brachialis m
movement
powerful flexion of forearm
Muscles of the Arm
brachialis m
innervation
musculocutaneous n. C5-C6
Muscles of the Arm
Triceps brachii
location
posterior compartment of the arm
Muscles of the Arm
Triceps brachii
long head
proximal attachment
infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Muscles of the Arm
Triceps brachii
lateral head
proximal attachment
posterior surface of humerus,
superior to radial groove
Muscles of the Arm
Triceps brachii
medial head
proximal attachment
posterior surface of humerus
inferior to radial groove
Muscles of the Arm
Triceps brachii
distal attachment
olecranon of ulna
fascia of forearm
Muscles of the Arm
Triceps brachii
movement
extension of forearm
helps extension and adduction of arm
Muscles of the Arm
Triceps brachii
innervation
radial n. C7-C8, T1
Muscles of the Arm
Anconeus
shape
small triangular
Muscles of the Arm
Anconeus
movement
helps the triceps extend the forearm and keep this extension stable
Muscles of the Arm
Anconeus
innervation
radial n C7-C8, T1
Brachial Artery
begins
inferior border of teres major
Brachial Artery
travels
anterior to triceps brachii and brachialis
inferolaterally across the trochlea of humerus
ends in the cubital fossa (divides)
Where does the median n. cross over the brachial a.?
trochlea of humerus
Brachial Artery
divides into
radial a.
ulnar a.
at the cubital fossa
Brachial Artery
main branches
deep artery of the arm (profunda brachii a)
superior ulnar collateral a
inferior ulnar collateral a
muscular branches
Brachial Artery
deep artery of the arm (profunda brachii a.)
accompanies
where?
radial n
radial groove
Brachial Artery
deep artery of the arm (profunda brachii a.)
divides into
medial collateral a
radial collateral a
both join anastomosis of elbow region
Brachial Artery
superior ulnar collateral a
inferior ulnar collateral a
origin
middle point of the arm 5cm proximal to the elbow crease
both join the anastomosis of the elbow region
Nerves of the arm (4) main
Musculocutaneous n
radial n
median n
ulnar n
Nerves of the arm
Musculocutaneous n
begins
inferior border of pectoral minor
Nerves of the arm
Musculocutaneous n
pierces
coracobrachialis m
Nerves of the arm
Musculocutaneous n
passes between
biceps m
brachialis m
Nerves of the arm
Musculocutaneous n
supplies
coracobrachialis m
biceps m
brachialis m
Nerves of the arm
Musculocutaneous n
main trunk becomes
lateral cutaneous n. of the forearm
Nerves of the arm
Radial n
begins
from posterior cord
passes through the radial groove w/ deep a. of arm
Nerves of the arm
Radial n
pierces
lateral intermuscular septum to anterior compartment of the arm
Nerves of the arm
Radial n
divides
into deep branch of radial n
superficial branch of radial n.
Nerves of the arm
Median n
begins
lateral cord and medial cord
Nerves of the arm
Median n
travels with (crosses)
brachial a.
Nerves of the arm
Median n
goes under…..where?
bicipital aponeurosis
cubital fossa
Nerves of the arm
Median n
branches
none in the axilla or arm
Nerves of the arm
Ulnar n.
begins
at the level of teres major from
medial cord of brachial plexus
Nerves of the arm
Ulnar n.
goes with
long head of triceps brachii
Nerves of the arm
Ulnar n.
pierces / with
medial intermuscular septum
w/ superior ulnar collateral a.
Nerves of the arm
Ulnar n.
compartment in arm
posterior
Nerves of the arm
Ulnar n.
passes posterior to
medial epicondyle
crazy/funny bone
Nerves of the arm
Ulnar n.
branches
none in arm
Cubital fossa
description
general
triangular depression on the anterior aspect of elbow
Cubital fossa
boundries
superior
imanginary line connecting medial and lateral epicondyles
Cubital fossa
boundries
medial
pronator teres m
Cubital fossa
boundries
lateral
brachioradialis m
Cubital fossa
boundries
floor
formed by brachialis / supinator mm
Cubital fossa
boundries
roof
formed by: brachial fascia antebrachial fascia bicipital aponeurosis subcutaneous tissue skin
Cubital fossa
contents
most lateral
radial n
superficial and deep branches
Cubital fossa
contents
2nd lateral
biceps brachii tendon
Cubital fossa
contents
middle
brachial artery and branches
Cubital fossa
contents
2nd medial
Brachial v.
Cubital fossa
contents
medial
median n
Cubital fossa
surface features
6
olecranon biceps brachii tendon bicipital aponeurosis brachial a medial and lateral epicondyles veins in cubital fossa
Cubital fossa
palpated at medial border of biceps m
brachial a
Cubital fossa
palpated when elbow is fixed against resistance
biceps tendon
Forearm
general description
part between elbow and the wrist
two bones connected by interosseous membrane
Forearm
interosseous membrane
function
permits tehe two bones to pronate and supinate
provides attachments for muscles
Forearm
compartments
anterior
posterior
Forearm
flexor proximal attachments
medial epicondyle medial supra(epi)condylar ridge
Forearm
extensor proximal attachment
lateral epicondyle lateral supra(epi)condylar ridge
Forearm
anterior compartment innervation
median n. mostly
one 1/2 ulnar
Forearm
posterior compartment innervation
radial n
Forearm
muscles
layers
superficial----PFPF
intermediate-(FDS) 1 m
deep-FPL
FDP
PQForearm
muscles
special arrangement on distal forearm
pronator quadratus—-deep
Why is brachioradialis m not in the anterior compartment even though it is a flexor?
location
Forearm
muscles
What layers cross the elbow joint?
1st and 2nd
not 3rd
Forearm
muscles
What holds the tendons of the muscles of the anterior compartment?
palmar carpal lig.
flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal lig.)
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
Pronator teres
Flexor Carpi radialis (FCR)
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
proximal attachment
common flexor origin on medial epicondyle of humerus
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
pronator teres additional origin
coronoid process
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
FCU additional origin
olecrenon of ulna
Forearm muscles 1st layer (superficial) distal attachment Pronator teres
middle lateral surface of radius
Forearm muscles 1st layer (superficial) distal attachment FCR
base of 2nd metacarpal
Forearm muscles 1st layer (superficial) distal attachment palmaris longus
palmar aponeurosis
Forearm muscles 1st layer (superficial) distal attachment FCU
pisiform
hook of hamate
5th metacarpal
Forearm muscles 1st layer (superficial) innervation FCU
ulnar n
Forearm muscles 1st layer (superficial) innervation FCR palmaris longus pronator teres
median n
Forearm muscles 1st layer (superficial) function pronator teres
pronates forearm
Forearm
muscles
1st layer (superficial)
FCR
flexes and abducts wrist
Forearm muscles 1st layer (superficial) function palmaris longus
flexes wrist
Forearm muscles 1st layer (superficial) function FCU
flexes and adducts wrist
Forearm
muscles
2nd layer (intermediate)
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Forearm
muscles
2nd layer (intermediate)
distal attachment
shaft of middle phalanges of medial 4 fingers
tendons are enclosed in a synovial common flexor sheath
`Forearm
muscles
2nd layer (intermediate)
proximal attcahment
medial head-medial epicondyle and coronoid process
radial head-superior half of anterior border of radius
Forearm
muscles
2nd layer (intermediate)
INNERVATION
median n
Forearm
muscles
2nd layer (intermediate)
function
flexes medial four fingers at proximal interphalangeal joints
Forearm
muscles
3rd layer (deep)
name
FDP- Flexor digitorum profundus
FPL- Flexor Pollicus longus
PQ- Pronator Quadratus
Forearm muscles 3rd layer (deep) FDP proximal
proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surface of ulna and interosseus membrane
Forearm muscles 3rd layer (deep) FDP distal
base of distal phalanges of medial 4
Forearm muscles 3rd layer (deep) FDP innervation
medial- ulnar n
lateral- median n
Forearm muscles 3rd layer (deep) FDP function
flexes distal phalanx of medial 4 fingers
Forearm muscles 3rd layer (deep) FPL proximal
anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseus membrane
Forearm muscles 3rd layer (deep) FPL distal
base of distal phalanx of thumb
Forearm muscles 3rd layer (deep) FPL innervation
median n
Forearm muscles 3rd layer (deep) FPL function
flexion of 1st digit
Forearm muscles 3rd layer (deep) PQ proximal
distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna
Forearm muscles 3rd layer (deep) PQ distal
distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius
Forearm muscles 3rd layer (deep) PQ innervation
median n
Forearm muscles 3rd layer (deep) PQ function
pronation of forearm
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
layers
superficial
deep
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
superficial
extensor:
- carpi radialis brevis—ECRB
- digitorum-ED
- digiti minimi—EDM
- carpi ulnaris—ECU
- brachioradialis
- extensor carpi radialis longus—-ECRL
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
superficial
Which 2 begin at the lateral supraepicondylar ridge?
brachioradialis
ECRL
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
deep layer
abductor pollicus longus---APL Supinator extensors: pollicis brevis---EPB pollicus longus---EPL indicis---EI
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECRL
proximal
lateral supraepicondylar ridge
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECRL
distal
dorsal surface of 2nd metacrapal
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECRL
innervation
radial n
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECRL
function
extends and abducts the hand at wrist joint
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECRB
proximal
common extensor origin
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECRB
distal
dorsal surface of 3rd metacrapal
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECRB
innervation
deep branch of radial n
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECRB
function
extends and abducts the hand at wrist joint
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECU
proximal
common extensor origin
posterior border of ulna
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECU
distal
dorsal surface of 5th metacarpal
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECU
innervation
deep branch of radial n.
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ECU
function
extends and adducts the hand at wrist
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ED
proximal
common extesor origin
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ED
distal
medial and distal phalanges by extensor expension of medial 4 fingers
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ED
innervation
deep branch of radial n.
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
ED
function
extends medial 4 fingers at metacarpalphalangeal joint
extensor expension
linked by three
oblique intertedinous connections
extensor expension # and bands
4
medial band
lateral bands
extensor expension
forces
other fingers to extend if one does
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
EDM
proximal
common extensor origin
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
EDM
distal
extensor expension of 5th finger
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
EDM
innervation
deep branch of radial n.
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
EDM
function
extends 5th finger at metacarpophalangeal joint
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
EI
proximal
posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna and interosseus membrane
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
EI
distal
joins the extensor expension of 2nd finger
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
EI
innervation
posterior interosseous n. of radial n.
Extensor-supinator muscles of forearm
EI
function
extends 2nd finger
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
APL
proximal
posterior surface of the proximal 1/2 of the ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
APL
distal
base of 1st metacarpal
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
APL
innervation
posterior interosseous n. of deep branch of radial n.
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
APL
function
abduction of the thumb
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
EPB
proximal
posterior surface of the distal 1/3 of the radius and interosseous membrane
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
EPB
distal
dorsal surface of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
EPB
innervation
posterior interosseous n. of deep branch of radial n.
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
EPB
function
extension of proximal phalanx of thumb
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
EPL
proximal
posterior surface of the distal 1/3 of the ulna and interosseous membrane
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
EPL
distal
dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
EPL
innervation
posterior interosseous n. of deep branch of radial n.
Extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb
EPL
function
extends distal phalanx of thumb
Exceptional muscles
brachioradialis
proximal
proximal 2/3 of lateral supraepicondylar ridge
Exceptional muscles
brachioradialis
distal
lateral surface of distal end of radius;proximal to styloid process
Exceptional muscles
brachioradialis
innervation
radial n
Exceptional muscles
brachioradialis
function
weak flexion of forearm
maximal flexion=midpronated postion
Exceptional muscles
supinator
proximal
lateral epicondyle
supinator fossa & crest of ulna
Exceptional muscles
supinator
distal
anterior
lateral
posterior
surface of proximal 1/3 of radius
Exceptional muscles
supinator
innervation
deep branch of radial n
Exceptional muscles
supinator
function
supinates the forearm
What bounds the anatomical snuff box?
APL
EPB
EPL
What is located at the anatomical snuff box?
radial a
radial styloid process
scaphoid and trapezium
When can this snuff box be seen?
when the thumb is fully extended
What bones are easily fractured in the event of a fall onto an outstreached hand?
scaphoid
trapezium
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
origin
cubital fossa
terminal branch of brachial a
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
branches
Anterior ulnar recurrent
Posterior ulnar recurrent
Common interosseous
anterior interosseous
posterior interosseus
recurrent interosseous
palmar carpal branch
dorsal carpal branch
muscular a
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
Anterior ulnar recurrent
origin
from ulnar a. lower to elbow joint
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
Anterior ulnar recurrent
course
btw. brachialis-pronator teres
anastomoses with inferior ulnar collateral a.
before medial epicondyle
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
posterior ulnar recurrent
origin
ulnar a.
lower than anterior ulnar recurrent
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
posterior ulnar recurrent
course
goes superior
goes to posterior of medial epicondyle
deep to flexor carpi ulnaris
anastomoses with superior ulnar collateral
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
common interosseous
origin
ulnar a. in cubital fossa
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
common interosseous
course
divides immediatly into anterior and posterior interosseous
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
anterior interosseous a
accompanies
anterior interosseous n. from the median n
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
anterior interosseous a
anastomoses
posterior interosseous a
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
recurrent interosseous a
origin
beginning part of posterior interosseous a
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
recurrent interosseous a
anastomoses
middle collateral a
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
recurrent interosseous a
passes over?
posterior of radioulnar joint
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
palmar carpal branch
begins
distal part of ulnar a.
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
palmar carpal branch
anastomoses
palmar carpal from radial a
Arteries of the forearm
Ulnar A.
dorsal carpal branch
anastomoses
dorsal carpal a. from radial a
Arteries of the forearm
Radial A.
origin
cubital fossa
terminal branch of the brachial a
Arteries of the forearm
Radial A.
course
lateral and inferior under brachioradialis
lateral to the tendon of flexor carpi radialis
deep to anatomical snuff box
pierces first dorsal interosseous m. to deep anterior of hand
Arteries of the forearm
Radial A.
branches
radial recurrent
palmar carpal branch
dorsal carpal branch
muscular branch
Arteries of the forearm
Radial A.
radial recurrent
origin
radial artery in the cubital fossa
Arteries of the forearm
Radial A.
radial recurrent
course
btw brachioradialis and brachialis
Arteries of the forearm
Radial A.
radial recurrent
anastomoses
radial collateral a
Veins of the Forearm
types
superficial
deep
Nerves of the forearm
median n.
origin
continued of same nerve from cubital fossa
Nerves of the forearm
median n.
branches
articular branches
mussular branches
anterior interosseous bracnhes
palmar cutaneous branches
Nerves of the forearm
median n.
articular branches
supply
elbow joint
Nerves of the forearm
median n.
muscular branches
supply
muscles
Nerves of the forearm
median n.
anterior interosseous branches
supply
muscles
origin median n. in cubital fossa
Nerves of the forearm
median n.
palmar cutaneous branches
supply
central part of the palm
Nerves of the forearm
median n.
palmar cutaneous branches
course
begins from median n. at superior edge of palmar carpal ligament
Nerves of the forearm
Ulnar n
origin
continued from ulnar n. posterior to the medial epicondyle
Nerves of the forearm
Ulnar n
course
posterior to medial epicondyle
goes down btw FCU and FDP
splits into superficial and deep branches
Nerves of the forearm
Ulanar n
branches
articular
muscular
palmar cutaneous
dorsal cutaneous
Nerves of the forearm
Ulnar n
clinical correlation
can be injured at the posterior to the medial epicondyle when this hits some hard surface.
when injured the medial part of the palm feels numbness and tingling
4th and 5th finger can’t clench
CLAW HAND
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
origin
continued from the same nerve in the cubital fossa bet brachioradialis and brachialis
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
course
in the cubial fossa
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
branches
posterior cutaneous n of the forearm
superficial branch
deep branch
lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
posterior cutaneous n of the forearm
begins
from radial n. in the radial groove
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
posterior cutaneous n of the forearm
course
perforates the triceps m
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
posterior cutaneous n of the forearm
supply
skin of the posterior forearm
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
superficial branch
begins
terminal branch from radial n. in cubital fossa
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
superficial branch
course
btw. pronator teres and brachioradialis
subcutaneous tissue
lateral to the distal part of forearm
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
superficial branch
supply
skin of the hand
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
deep branch
origin
terminal branch from radial n. in cubital fossa
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
deep branch
course
penetrates supenator m.
becomes posterior interosseous n.
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
deep branch
supply
muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
clinical
injured from fracture in the humeral shaft
harming the extensor m.
wrist drop
if deep branch is injured then no finger extension
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
lateral cutaneous n. of forearm
origin
from musculocutaneous n. at lateral of biceps brachii m
divides into anterior and posterior branches into lateral forearm
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
lateral cutaneous n. of forearm
supply
skin of lateral forearm
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
medial cutaneous n. of forearm
origin
same name nerve from cubital fossa
Nerves of the forearm
Radial N
medial cutaneous n. of forearm
course
divides into anterior and posterior
goes to subcutaneous tissue of medial forearm
Hand
palm eminences
thenar eminance
hypothenar eminence
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
general
continuous with
deep fascia of the forearm
fascia of the dorsum of the hand
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
general
forms two fibrous tissues
palmar aponeurosis
fibrous digital sheath
Hand Fascia of the Palm special palmar aponeurosis apex is continuous with
palmaris longus m.
flexor retinaculum
Hand Fascia of the Palm special palmar aponeurosis distal part forms
four longtitundinal digital bands
Hand Fascia of the Palm special palmar aponeurosis longtitudinal digit bands ATTACH
to bases of proximal phalanges
Hand Fascia of the Palm special fibrous digital sheath protect
synovial sheath
Hand Fascia of the Palm special fibrous digital sheath are 5 and 4 what?
anular circles 5
cruciform circles 4
on each finger
Hand Fascia of the Palm special fibrous digital sheath used to
hold and protect tendons of:
FDS
FDP
FPL
Hand Fascia of the Palm special medial fibrous septum extends from
medial border of palmar aponeurosis to 5th metacarpal
Hand Fascia of the Palm special lateral fibrous septum extends from
lateral border of palmar aponeurosis to 3rd metacarpal
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
thenar compartment
contains
thenar muscles
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
hypothenar compartment
contains
hypothenar muscles
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
central compartment
contains
flexor tendons,
lumbricals
superficial palmar arterial arch
nerves
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
adductor compartment
contains
adductor m
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
interosseous compartment
contains
interosseus m
Hand
Fascia of the Palm
midthenar space
deep space under tendons
continuous with anterior compartment of the forearm by carpal tunnel
Hand
Muscles
groups
thenar adductor hypothenar central interosseous m. under the skin
Hand
Muscles
thenar m
abductor pollicis brevis m
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens digiti minimi m
Hand
Muscles
adductor m
adductor pollicis
Hand
Muscles
hypothenar
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis
opponens digiti minimi
Hand
Muscles
central
lumbricals m
dorsal interossi m
Hand
Muscles
m. under the skin
palmaris brevis m
Hand Muscles thenar m Abductor pollicis brevis origin
flexor retinaculum
Hand Muscles thenar m Abductor pollicis brevis inserts
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Hand Muscles thenar m Abductor pollicis brevis innervation
recurrent branch of median n
Hand Muscles thenar m Abductor pollicis brevis function
abduction
Hand Muscles thenar m Flexor pollicis brevis origin
flexor retinaculum
Hand Muscles thenar m Flexor pollicis brevis inserts
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Hand Muscles thenar m Flexor pollicis brevis innervation
recurrent branch of median n.
deep branch of ulnar n
Hand Muscles thenar m Flexor pollicis brevis function
flexion
Hand Muscles thenar m opponens pollicis (brevis) origin
flexor retinaculum
Hand Muscles thenar m opponens pollicis (brevis) inserts
lateral side of 1st metacarpal
Hand Muscles thenar m opponens pollicis (brevis) innervation
recurrent branch of median n
Hand Muscles thenar m opponens pollicis (brevis) function
opposition
Hand Muscles thenar m adductor pollicis origin
from base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate,
anterior surface of shaft of 3rd metacarpal
Hand Muscles thenar m adductor pollicis inserts
medial side of the proximal phalanx of 5th finger
Hand Muscles thenar m adductor pollicis innervation
deep branch of ulnar n
Hand Muscles thenar m opponens pollicis (brevis) function
adduction
Hand Muscles hypothenar m abductor digiti minimi origin
pisiform
Hand Muscles hypothenar m abductor digiti minimi inserts
medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger
Hand Muscles hypothenar m abductor digiti minimi innervation
deep branch of ulnar n
Hand Muscles hypothenar m abductor digiti minimi function
abduction
Hand Muscles hypothenar m flexor digiti minimi brevis origin
hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
Hand Muscles hypothenar m flexor digiti minimi brevis inserts
medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger
Hand Muscles hypothenar m flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation
deep branch of ulnar n
Hand Muscles hypothenar m flexor digiti minimi brevis function
flexion
Hand Muscles hypothenar m opponens digiti minimi origin
hook of hamate
flexor retinaculum
Hand Muscles hypothenar m opponens digiti minimi inserts
medial border of the 5th metacarpal
Hand Muscles hypothenar m opponens digiti minimi innervation
deep branch of ulnar n
Hand Muscles hypothenar m opponens digiti minimi function
opposition
Hand Muscles subcutaneous palmaris brevis origin
medial border of palmar aponeurosis
Hand Muscles subcutaneous palmaris brevis inserts
medial border of hand
Hand Muscles subcutaneous palmaris brevis innervation
palmar branch of ulnar n
Hand Muscles subcutaneous palmaris brevis function
wrinkle skin of hypothenar eminance
palm grip
Hand Muscles short-central lumbricals (worm) origins
lateral 2 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
medial 3 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Hand Muscles short-central lumbricals (worm) inserts
lateral side of extensor expansions of 2nd to 5th fingers
Hand Muscles short-central lumbricals (worm) innervation
median n to 1st and 2nd
deep branch of ulnar to 3rd and 4th
Hand Muscles short-central lumbricals (worm) function
flexing metacarpophalangeal joints
extending interphalnageal joints of 2nd to 5th fingers
Hand Muscles interosseous m dorsal 4 DABS origin
adjacent side of two metacarpals
Hand Muscles interosseous m dorsal 4 DABS inserts
bases of phalanges
extensor expansions of 2nd -4th fingers
Hand Muscles interosseous m dorsal 4 DABS innervation
deep bracnch of ulnar
Hand Muscles interosseous m dorsal 4 DABS function
adducting 2nd-4th fingers from axial line
Hand Muscles interosseous m palmar 3 PAD origin
palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpals
Hand Muscles interosseous m palmar 3 PAD inserts
bases of proximal phalanges, extensor expansions of 2nd, 4th, and 5th fingers
Hand Muscles interosseous m palmar 3 PAD innervation
deep branch of ulnar n
Hand Muscles interosseous m palmar 3 PAD function
adducting 2nd, 4th, and 5th fingers toward axial line
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
Tendon
FDS splits into
tendinous chiasms
Hand Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath Tendon tendinous chiasms surround
tendon of FDP
Hand Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath Tendon FDS tendon attaches
to margins of the anterior surface of the base of the middle phalanx
Hand Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath Tendon FDP tendon attaches
anterior surface of the base of the distal phalanx
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
Fibrous digital sheath
What is this sheath used for?
protecting the synovial sheath
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
Fibrous digital sheath
What tendons does this sheath protect?
superficial flexor tendons
deep flexor tendons
flexor pollicis longus
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
synovial sheath
layers
parietal
visceral
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
synovial sheath
sticks with fibrous digital sheath
parietal
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
synovial sheath
visceral sticks with?
tendon
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
common flexor sheath
location
deep of the flexor retinaculum
Hand
Long Flexor Tendons & Tendon Sheath
common flexor sheath
What do the sheaths permit?
the tendons to slide freely during movement of the finger
Arteries of the hand
anastomoses (2)
superficial arch
deep arch
Arteries of the hand
2 main arteries
ulnar
radial
Arteries of the hand
ulnar a
origin
ulnar a of forearm
Arteries of the hand
ulnar a
travels
through ulnar canal (guyon canal)
lateral to ulnar n.
Arteries of the hand
ulnar a.
divides into
superficial palmar branch
deep palmar branch
Arteries of the hand
ulnar a
branches of superficial palmar a
three common palmar digital aa
Arteries of the hand
ulnar a
common digitial a divides into
2 proper digital aa
Arteries of the hand
ulnar a
common palmar a
anastomoses w/
palmar metacarpal
Arteries of the hand
ulnar a
palmar metacarpal a
comes from
deep palmar arch
Arteries of the hand
radial a
origin
radial a. of forearm
Arteries of the hand
radial a
travels
by scaphoid and trapizium
thorugh anatomical snuff box
Arteries of the hand
radial a
anastomosis
deep branch of ulnar a.
to form deep palmar arch
Arteries of the hand
radial a
branches
3 palmar metacarpal branches
1 princeps pollicis a
Arteries of the hand
radial a
princeps pollicis a
branch
radialis indicis a
lateral side of index finger
Arteries of the hand
radial a
dorsal carpal arch formed by
dorsal carpal branches
Arteries of the hand
radial a
dorsal carpal arch
sends out
5 dorsal metacarpal aa
Arteries of the hand
radial a
dorsal metacarpal aa
send out
dorsal digital aa
Nerves of the Hand
Median n.
travels
deep to flexor retinaculum
Nerves of the Hand
Median n.
branches
recurrent branch
muscular branches
palmar digital branch
Nerves of the Hand
Median n.
recurrent branch goes to
abductor pollicis brevis m
opponens pollicis m
superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis
Nerves of the Hand
Median n.
muscular branches go to
1,2 lumbricals
Nerves of the Hand
Median n.
palmar digital branches
go to
the most lateral palmar skin
lateral 3 and half fingers
Nerves of the Hand
Median n.
trauma
causes
ape hand
paralysis of lateral 2 lumbricals
opponens pollicis
Nerves of the Hand
Ulnar n
travels with
ulnar a
Nerves of the Hand
Ulnar n
branches
palmar cutaneous branches
dorsal cutaneous branches
Nerves of the Hand
Ulnar n
divides into
superficial
deep branches
Nerves of the Hand
Ulnar n
superficial branch
supplies
the skin of half 4th and 5th finger of palmar side
Nerves of the Hand
Ulnar n
deep branch
supllies
hypothenar mm medial 2 lumbricles adductor pollicis m deep head of FPB all interosseous mm
Nerves of the Hand
Radial n
branch
superficial branch of radial n.
Nerves of the Hand
radial n
superficial branch
supplies
skin of lateral 2/3 of dorsum of the hand
proximal part of lateral 3 and 1/2 digits
Joints
classes
synovial
fibrous
cartilaginous
Joints
Synovial
three parts
bone capsule cavity
Joints
Synovial
surface of bones is covered by
cartilage
Joints
Synovial
capsule layers
fibrous
synovial
Joints
Synovial
fibrous capsule is continuous with
periosteum
Joints
Synovial
cavity contains
synovial fluid
Joints Synovial classifications (6)
plane hinge saddle pivot ball and socket condyloid
Joints
Synovial
pivot example
central atlantoaxial joint
Joints
Synovial
condyloid example
metacarpophalangeal
Joints
Synovial
plane joint example
acromioclavicular joint
Joints
Synovial
saddle example
1st carpometacarpal joint
Joints
Fibrous
3 kinds
suture
syndesmosis-interosseous membrane
gomphoses
Joints
cartilaginous
types of cartilage
hyaline
fibro
Joints
cartilaginous
primary aka
synchondrosis
Joints
cartilaginous
secondary aka
symphysis
Joints
cartilaginous
synchondrosis
includes
bony ephipysis
bony shaft
epiphysial plate
Joints
hilton’s law
the nerve supplying the joint also supplies the muscles moving this joint and skin covering their distal attachments
Joint of the upper limb
Sterno Clavicular Joint (SC joint)
articular surfaces covered by
fibrocartilage
Joint of the upper limb
Sterno Clavicular Joint (SC joint)
joint capsule
fibrous capsule and synovial membrane
Joint of the upper limb
Sterno Clavicular Joint (SC joint)
ligament
anteriorly and posteriorly
sternoclavicular lig
Joint of the upper limb
Sterno Clavicular Joint (SC joint)
ligament
superiorly
interclavicular lig.
Joint of the upper limb
Sterno Clavicular Joint (SC joint)
ligament
links clavicle to first rib
costoclavicular
Joint of the upper limb
Sterno Clavicular Joint (SC joint)
joint cavity contains
articular disk
Joint of the upper limb
Sterno Clavicular Joint (SC joint)
type of joint
saddle
but ball and socket funtionality
Joint of the upper limb
Sterno Clavicular Joint (SC joint)
blood supply
internal thoracic a
suprascapular
Joint of the upper limb
Sterno Clavicular Joint (SC joint)
nerve supply
medial supraclavicular n.
n. to subclavius
Joint of the upper limb
Acromioclavicular joint
ligament
mixed with fibrous layer of joint capsule
acromioclavicular lig.
Joint of the upper limb
Acromioclavicular joint
ligament
strong lig made of two parts
coracoclavicular
2 parts:
conoid lig
trapezoid lig
Joint of the upper limb
Acromioclavicular joint
joint cavity shape
incomplete wedge shaped articular disk
Joint of the upper limb
Acromioclavicular joint
joint type
plane
sliding, a little rotation
Joint of the upper limb
Acromioclavicular joint
blood supply
suprascapular
tharcoacromial
Joint of the upper limb
Acromioclavicular joint
nerve supply
supraclavicular
Joint of the upper limb
Acromioclavicular joint
dislocation is common when?
a person falls on the shoulder
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
joint type
ball and socket
multi axial
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
edge of glenoid cavity is strengthened by
fibrous cartilage
glenoid labrum
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
Fibrous layer of capsule has two openings for?
tendon of the long head of biceps brachii
subscapular bursa
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
ligaments
intrinsic
glenohumeral lig
coracohumeral lig
transverse humeral lig
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
3 parts of glenohumeral lig
superior
middle
inferior
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
extrinsic ligaments
coracoacromial lig—-very strong
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
subscapular bursa
location
between subscapular m. and neck of scapula
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa
location
btw. deltoid and
supraspinatous
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
movements
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
medial/lateral rotation
circumduction
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
muscles moving this joint
groups
axioappendicular muscles-indirectly
scapulohumeral muscles-directly
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
blood supply
anterior circumflex humeral a
posterior circumflex humeral a
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
nerve supply
suprascapular
axillary
lateral pectoral
Joint of the upper limb
Glenohumeral joint
axillary n. injury
what muscle is paralyzed?
deltoid
no abduction above horizontal
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
articulation
bones
humerus
radius
ulna
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
structures
trochlea
capitulum of the humerus
trochlear notch of the ulna
head of the radius
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
capsule
layers
fibrous-outer
synovial-inner
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
ligaments (3)
radial (lateral) collateral lig
ulnar (medial) collateral lig
annular lig
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
lateral collateral lig
begins-ends
beg-lateral epicondyle of humerus
end-mix with annular lig
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
medial collateral lig
begins-ends
beg-medial epicondyle of humerus
end- coronoid process and olecranon of the ulna
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
annular lig
shape
encircles head of radius
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
annular lig
special feature
proximal radioulnar joint
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
movement
flex/extension
15 degree angle=carring angle
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
main muscles
flex=biceps brachii & brachialis
extend=triceps brachii
Joint of the Upper Limb
Elbow joint
nerve supply
musculocutaneous n
radial n
ulnar n
Joint of the Upper Limb
Proximal Radioulnar joint
joint type
pivot
Joint of the Upper Limb
Proximal Radioulnar joint
articulation
head of radius on radial notch of ulna
Joint of the Upper Limb
Proximal Radioulnar joint
ligaments
annular lig
Joint of the Upper Limb
Proximal Radioulnar joint
movement
supination/pronation
Joint of the Upper Limb
Proximal Radioulnar joint
muscles
supinator
pronator quadratus
pronator teres
Joint of the Upper Limb
Proximal Radioulnar joint
nerve supply
musculocutaneous n
median n
radial n
Joint of the Upper Limb
Distal Radioulnar joint
joint type
pivot
Joint of the Upper Limb
Distal Radioulnar joint
articulation
head of ulna w/
ulnar notch of radius
contains articular disk creatin an “L” shape
Joint of the Upper Limb
Distal Radioulnar joint
ligaments
palmar
dorsal radioulnar ligs
Joint of the Upper Limb
Distal Radioulnar joint
movement
rotation
Joint of the Upper Limb
Distal Radioulnar joint
muscles
supinator m
pronator quadratus
pronator teres
Joint of the Upper Limb
Distal Radioulnar joint
blood supply
anterior/posterior interosseous aa
Joint of the Upper Limb
Distal Radioulnar joint
nerve supply
anterior/posterior interosseous nn
Joint of the Upper Limb
Wrist joint
joint type
type 4-condyloid
Joint of the Upper Limb
Wrist joint
articulation
distal end of radius + articular disk + proximal row of carpal
not pisiform
Joint of the Upper Limb
Wrist joint
ligaments (4)
palmar radiocarpal lig
dorsal radiocarpal lig
radial collateral lig
ulnar collateral lig
Joint of the Upper Limb
Wrist joint
movement
flex/extend
abduct/adduct
circumduction
Joint of the Upper Limb
Wrist joint
muscles
flex-FCR & FCU
extend-ECRL, ECRB, & ECU
abduct-FCR, ECRL, & ECRB
adduct-ECU & FCU
Joint of the Upper Limb
Wrist joint
blood
palmar carpal arches
dorsal carpal arches
Joint of the Upper Limb
Wrist joint
nerves
anterior interosseous branch of median n
posterior interosseous branch of radial n
Joint of the Upper Limb
Intercarpal joint
joint type
type 1- plane joint
Joint of the Upper Limb
Intercarpal joint
articulation
joints between the proximal row of carpals
joints between the distal row of carpals
midcarpal joint
pisotriquetral joint
Joint of the Upper Limb
Intercarpal joint
ligaments
anterior/posterior interosseous ligaments
Joint of the Upper Limb
Intercarpal joint
movement
gliding movement
Joint of the Upper Limb
Intercarpal joint
blood
dorsal/palmar carpal arches
Joint of the Upper Limb
Intercarpal joint
nerve
anterior interosseous of median n
dorsal branch of ulnar n
deep branch of ulnar n
Joint of the Upper Limb
Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint & Intercarpal Joint (IM)
joint type
saddle-type 3
Joint of the Upper Limb
Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint & Intercarpal Joint (IM)
articulation
CMC- distal row of carpals w/ base of metacarpals
IM- its neighbor (haha)
Joint of the Upper Limb
Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint & Intercarpal Joint (IM)
ligaments
palmar CMC lig and palmar IM lig
dorsal CMC lig and dorsal IM lig
Joint of the Upper Limb
Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint & Intercarpal Joint (IM)
movement
(thumb)
flex/extension
abduction/adduction
circumduction
(2-5)
no movement
Joint of the Upper Limb
Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint & Intercarpal Joint (IM)
blood supply
palmar/dorsal carpal arches
deep palmar arch
metacarpal aa
Joint of the Upper Limb
Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint & Intercarpal Joint (IM)
nerves
anterior interosseous of median n
posterior interosseous of radial n
dorsal branch of ulnar n
deep branch of ulnar n
Joint of the Upper Limb
Metacarpophalangeal Joint & Interphlangeal Joint
articulation
MP-head of metacarpals + base of proximal phalanges
proximal IP- heads of proximal phalanges + base of middle phalanges
distal IP- heads of middle phalanges + base of distal phalanges
Joint of the Upper Limb
Metacarpophalangeal Joint & Interphlangeal Joint
ligaments
collateral ligaments
palmar fibrous digital sheath
2nd-5th MP united by deep transverse metacarpal ligaments
Joint of the Upper Limb
Metacarpophalangeal Joint & Interphlangeal Joint
2nd-5th movement
2nd-5th type 4, condyloid
flexion/extend
abduct/adduct
circumduction
Joint of the Upper Limb
Metacarpophalangeal Joint & Interphlangeal Joint
thumb MP
movement
type 2-hinge
flex/extend
Joint of the Upper Limb
Metacarpophalangeal Joint & Interphlangeal Joint
movement
all IP
type 2-hinge
flexion/extension
Joint of the Upper Limb
Metacarpophalangeal Joint & Interphlangeal Joint
blood
common palmar digital aa
superficial palmar arch
Joint of the Upper Limb
Metacarpophalangeal Joint & Interphlangeal Joint
nerves
palmar digital nn
from
median and ulnar nn
