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Anatomy > Cardio midterm > Flashcards

Cardio midterm Flashcards

1
Q

T or F

the ventricles and atria contract at the same time

A

f

atria together, ventricles together

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2
Q

T or f

the mitral valve and pulmonary valve are exit pathways for blood from the ventricles.

A

F

mitral valve is an AV valve

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3
Q

What is normal EDV?

A

120 ml

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4
Q

What is normal stroke volume?

A

70 ml

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5
Q

What is normal end systolic volume? ESV

A

50 ml

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6
Q

During ejection the pressure in the ventricles rises to?

A

120 mmHg

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7
Q

Before isometric contraction what is aortic blood pressure?

A

80 mmHG

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8
Q

What are the phases of systole?

A
  1. isometric contraction

2. ejection

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9
Q

What are the phases of diastole?

A
  1. isometric relaxation
  2. rapid inflow
  3. slow inflow
  4. atrial systole
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10
Q

The right ventricle sends blood to the?

A

pulmonary circulation

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11
Q

The left ventricle sends blood to the?

A

systemic circulation

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12
Q

T or F

Cardiac muscle is striated like skeletal muscle.

A

T

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13
Q

What creates the difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle?

A

action potential, potassium permeability

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14
Q

Cardiac muscle contains fast sodium channels, just like skeletal muscle, but also contain _______

A

slow calcium channels, causing plateau of the action potential

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15
Q

When ventricular pressure rises ventricular volume ______

A

decreases

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16
Q

What causes the A-V valves to open?

A

After systole the pressure in the ventricles is lower than in the atria causing them to open.

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17
Q

During ejection the ventricular pressure rises to just above _______ alowing opening of the semilunar valves.

A

80 mmHG

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18
Q

What causes the semilunar valves to close?

A

The buildup of arterial pressure at the end of systole pushes blood back towards the ventricle, forcing the semilunar and pulmonary valves to close.

19
Q

The first heart sound is caused by _____

A

closing of the AV valves

20
Q

What is the characteristic sound of the first heart sound?

A

low pitch and long lasting

21
Q

What is the second heart sound caused by?

A

The closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves

22
Q

What is the characteristic sound of the second heart sound?

A

rapid snap and vibration

23
Q

What is typical resting heart rate?

A

60-100 BPM

24
Q

Equation for Cadiac Output

A

HR x SV = CO

25
Q

Venous return =

A

Cardiac output

26
Q

Stroke volume =

A

SV= CO/HR

27
Q

Stroke Volume also =

A

EDV - ESV= SV

28
Q

What is Blood Pressure at the beginning of isometric contraction?

A

2-3 mmHg

29
Q

During isometric relaxation what is the blood pressure in the L. atrium?

A

3-5 mmHg

30
Q

During Isometric relaxation, what is the blood pressure in the L. ventricle?

A

2-3 mmHg

31
Q

How much atrial blood travels to the ventricles during rapid inflow?

A

60% of 70ml

32
Q

How much atrial blood travels to the ventricles during slow inflow?

A

15% of 70ml

33
Q

How much atrial blood travels to the ventricles during atrial systole?

A

25% of 70ml

34
Q

Pre-load directly depends on….

A

venous return

35
Q

What is after load?

A

Blood pressure in the aorta at the end of isometric contraction

36
Q

What happens during an increased pre load?

A
  1. EDV increases
  2. SV increases
  3. ESV stays the same
37
Q

What is pre load?

A

the amount of blood in the L ventricle at the end of diastole.

38
Q

increased after load is known as

A

acute phase

39
Q

During acute phase, what happens?

A
  1. EDV stays the same
  2. SV decreases
  3. ESV increases
40
Q

During max heart rate, what happens?

A
  1. EDV decreases
  2. SV decreases
  3. ESV stays the same
41
Q

Max heart rate =

A

220- age of pt

42
Q

During max heart rate SV decreases to

A

50% of 70ml

43
Q

With increased contractility of cardiac muscles, what happens?

A
  1. EDV stays the same
  2. SV increases
  3. ESV decreases

Anatomy (22 decks)

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