Cardio midterm Flashcards
T or F
the ventricles and atria contract at the same time
f
atria together, ventricles together
T or f
the mitral valve and pulmonary valve are exit pathways for blood from the ventricles.
F
mitral valve is an AV valve
What is normal EDV?
120 ml
What is normal stroke volume?
70 ml
What is normal end systolic volume? ESV
50 ml
During ejection the pressure in the ventricles rises to?
120 mmHg
Before isometric contraction what is aortic blood pressure?
80 mmHG
What are the phases of systole?
- isometric contraction
2. ejection
What are the phases of diastole?
- isometric relaxation
- rapid inflow
- slow inflow
- atrial systole
The right ventricle sends blood to the?
pulmonary circulation
The left ventricle sends blood to the?
systemic circulation
T or F
Cardiac muscle is striated like skeletal muscle.
T
What creates the difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle?
action potential, potassium permeability
Cardiac muscle contains fast sodium channels, just like skeletal muscle, but also contain _______
slow calcium channels, causing plateau of the action potential
When ventricular pressure rises ventricular volume ______
decreases
What causes the A-V valves to open?
After systole the pressure in the ventricles is lower than in the atria causing them to open.
During ejection the ventricular pressure rises to just above _______ alowing opening of the semilunar valves.
80 mmHG
What causes the semilunar valves to close?
The buildup of arterial pressure at the end of systole pushes blood back towards the ventricle, forcing the semilunar and pulmonary valves to close.
The first heart sound is caused by _____
closing of the AV valves
What is the characteristic sound of the first heart sound?
low pitch and long lasting
What is the second heart sound caused by?
The closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves
What is the characteristic sound of the second heart sound?
rapid snap and vibration
What is typical resting heart rate?
60-100 BPM
Equation for Cadiac Output
HR x SV = CO
Venous return =
Cardiac output
Stroke volume =
SV= CO/HR
Stroke Volume also =
EDV - ESV= SV
What is Blood Pressure at the beginning of isometric contraction?
2-3 mmHg
During isometric relaxation what is the blood pressure in the L. atrium?
3-5 mmHg
During Isometric relaxation, what is the blood pressure in the L. ventricle?
2-3 mmHg
How much atrial blood travels to the ventricles during rapid inflow?
60% of 70ml
How much atrial blood travels to the ventricles during slow inflow?
15% of 70ml
How much atrial blood travels to the ventricles during atrial systole?
25% of 70ml
Pre-load directly depends on….
venous return
What is after load?
Blood pressure in the aorta at the end of isometric contraction
What happens during an increased pre load?
- EDV increases
- SV increases
- ESV stays the same
What is pre load?
the amount of blood in the L ventricle at the end of diastole.
increased after load is known as
acute phase
During acute phase, what happens?
- EDV stays the same
- SV decreases
- ESV increases
During max heart rate, what happens?
- EDV decreases
- SV decreases
- ESV stays the same
Max heart rate =
220- age of pt
During max heart rate SV decreases to
50% of 70ml
With increased contractility of cardiac muscles, what happens?
- EDV stays the same
- SV increases
- ESV decreases
