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Anatomy > Anatomy II test 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy II test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the neck?

A

Sup.-cranium

Inf.- clavicles

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2
Q

What does the skeleton of the neck include?

A

Cervical vertebrae
hyoid bone
manubrium of the sternum
clavicles

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3
Q

What are the functions of cervical vert.?

A
  1. framework
  2. supporter
  3. container
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4
Q

What articulation provides flexabiltiy?

A

intervertebral

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5
Q

c3-6 typical characteristics

A 
body=small, oval
sup. surface of body=concave, inf.=convex
vertebral foramen=large triangle
transverse foramina for vert. artery
spinous=short, bifid
sup. facets=superoposterior
inf. facets=inferoposterior
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6
Q

C1

A 
ring-like
no spinous
no body
two lateral masses
two arches=ant. post.
articulates with occipital condyles
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7
Q

C2

A

dens=superior projection, articulates with atlas

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8
Q

C7

A

spinous=long, not bifid
large transverse
small foramen

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9
Q

hyoid bone

“U shaped”, body, 2 great horns, 2 lesser horns

A

no joint
anterior in neck at C3 vert.
btw. mandible and thyroid cartilage
suspended by muscles and ligaments

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10
Q

What encircles the superficial structures of the neck?

A

skin and superficial cervical fascia

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11
Q

What seperates the deep structures?

A

deep cervical fascia

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12
Q

Where does infection spread in fascia?

A

deep cervcal fascia compartment

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13
Q

What muscle is contained within the superficial cervical fascia?

A

platysma

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14
Q

What is contained in the Superficial Cervical Fascia?

A 
cutaneous nerves
blood vss.
lymph vss.
superficial lymph nodes
fat
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15
Q

What nerve supplies Platysma?

A

CN VII

sensory nn. from cervical plexus

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16
Q

Where does platysma m. originate?

A

deep fascia of

  1. deltoid
  2. pectoralis major
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17
Q

Where does platysma attach?

A

skin of inf. border of mandible bone

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18
Q

stess and grimace

face shaving

A

platysma

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19
Q

What parts are in deep cervical fascia? (4)

A

investing
pretrachial
prevertebral
carotid sheath

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20
Q

Why dowe need so much fascia?

A
  1. protect viscera, blood vss., nerves
  2. to seperate organs
  3. free organ movement—swallowing
  4. limit pus migration
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21
Q

What is the most superficial deep fascia?

A

Investing layer

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22
Q

What muscles does the investing layer wrap?

A

trapezius

SCM

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23
Q

What innervates the trapezius and SCM?

A

CN XI

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24
Q

Sup. attachment of investing layer

A 
sup. nuchal line
mastoid
zygomatic arch
inf. border of mandible
hyoid
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25
Q

Inf. attachment of investing layer

A

manubrium
clavicles
acromions
spines of scapulae

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26
Q

post. attachment of investing layer

A

C7 spinous

nuchal ligament

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27
Q

What chape is the nuchal ligament?

A

triangular

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28
Q

What parts make up the Pretracheal layer?

A

muscular part

visceral part

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29
Q

muscular part of pretracheal covers

A

infrahyoid muscles

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30
Q

visceral part of pretracheal covers

A

thyroid gland
trachea
esophagus

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31
Q

What are the attachments of the visceral part of the deep cervical fascia?

A

sup.=hyoid
inf.=heart
lateral=carotid sheaths

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32
Q

What does the Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia form?

A

A tubular sheath for vertebral muscles around:

  1. vertebral colomn
  2. sympathetic trunk
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33
Q

What are the attachments of Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia?

A

Sup.=cranial base
Inf.=endothoracic fascia and ALL at T3
Lateral=axillary sheath

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34
Q

The carotid sheath

A

is like a tube

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35
Q

The cortid sheath communicates with (2)

A

Sup.=cranial cavity via blood vss. and nerves
Inf.= mediastinum of the thorax
(potential way of infection)

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36
Q

The carotid sheath contains (6)

A
  1. common and internal carotid aa.
  2. IJV
  3. Vagus N.
  4. Deep Lymph nodes
  5. carotid sinus n.
  6. sympathetic nerve fibers
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37
Q

The carotid sheath attachments (2)

A

Ant.= investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Post.=prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

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38
Q

What is the most important interfascial space in the neck?

A

Retropharyngeal space

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39
Q

What is the buccopharyngeal fascia?

A

the anterior superior wall of the retropharyngeal space

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40
Q

The anterior inferior wall of the retropharyngeal space connects with what?

A

prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

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41
Q

What is the retropharyngeal space’s posterior wall?

A

prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

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42
Q

What is closed by the cranial base?

A

the superior wall

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43
Q

The inferior of the retropharyngeal space goes through to where?

A

superior mediastinum

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44
Q

What is the small fascia insert this space?

A

alar fascia

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45
Q

Where does alar fascia begin and end?

A

Begin: cranium base
End: C7

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46
Q

What does the alar fascia stick with?

A

prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia in midline

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47
Q

What does the alar ligament attach to laterally?

A

carotid sheath

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48
Q

What are the 5 regions of the neck?

A
  1. SCM region
  2. Posterior Cervical Region
  3. Lateral Cervical Region (Posterior Triangle)
  4. Anterior Cervical Region (Anterior Triangle)
  5. Suboccipital Region
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49
Q

A Region

A

Between the anterior border and posterior border of SCM

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50
Q

B Region

A

After the anterior border of trapeezius

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51
Q

C Region

A

Btw. post. border of SCM,
Ant. border of trapezius
and Sup. border of clavicle

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52
Q

D Region

A

BTW. Ant. border of SCM
median neck of midline
and marginal border of mandible

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53
Q

What can be found in the SCM Region?

A
  1. Sup. part of EJV
  2. SCM
  3. greater auricular nerve (C2,3)
  4. transverse cervical n.
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54
Q

What are the Superior attachments of the SCM?

A

Mastoid-temporal

superior nuchal line-occipital

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55
Q

Does the SCM have two heads?

A

YES (name and attachment)
Sternal Head-manubrium
Clavicular head-superior surface of the medial third of the clavicle

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56
Q

What is the lesser supraclavicular fossa?

A

a fossa between the heads of SCM

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57
Q

What encloses the SCM?

A

investing layer of deep cervical fascia

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58
Q

What joints of the SCM can move the heads?

A
  1. craniovertebral joint

2. intervertebral joint

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59
Q

What is the AO joint considered?

A

a Craniovertebral joint!

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60
Q

The AO joint is between the cranium and

A

atlas

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61
Q

When can the SCM perform bilateral flexion?

A
  1. If the cervical vert. is already flexed

2. if the head is extended

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62
Q

When can the SCM perform biltateral extension?

A

when the muscles fix the vertebral column well

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63
Q

What is the other bilateral movement of the SCM?

A

elevate the clavicles, manubrium and rib

helps resperation

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64
Q

What is the unilateral movemant of the SCM?

A

laterally flex and rotate to opposite side

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65
Q

What does the Posterior cervical region contain?

A

trapezius muscles

cutanious branches

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66
Q

What covers the posterolateral aspet of the neck and thorax?

A

trapezius

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67
Q

What does trapezius m. attach?

A

the pectoral girdle to the cranium and vertebral column

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68
Q

Trapezius innervation

A

CN XI spinal accessory n.

C2 and C3 nn.

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69
Q

Where is the cutaneous n. in the posterior cervical region from?

A

Post. rami of cervical spinal nn.

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70
Q

Ant. border of Lateral Cervical Region (Post. Triangle)

A

Posterior border of SCM

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71
Q

Post. border of Lateral Cervical Region(Post. Triangle)

A

Ant. border of trapezius

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72
Q

Inf. border of Lateral Cervical Region

Post. Triangle

A

middle third of clavicle

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73
Q

Apex of Lateral Cervical Region

Post. Triangle

A

SCM and Trapezius meet at the superior nuchal line

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74
Q

Roof of Lateral Cervical Region

Post. Triangle

A

investing layer of deep cervical fascia

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75
Q

Floor of Lateral Cervical Region

Post. Triangle

A

muscles covered by prevertebral layer of Deep Cervical Fascia

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76
Q

What divides the Lateral Cervical Region

(Post. Triangle)?

A

inferior belly of omohyoid

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77
Q

What are the contents of the Lateral Cervical Region

(Post. Triangle)?

A

vessels, nerves, lymph nodes

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78
Q

What are the two subtriangles of the Lateral Cervical Region

(Post. Triangle)?

A

occipital triangle

omoclvicular triangle

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79
Q

What appears at the apex of the occipital triangle?

A

occipital artery

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80
Q

What makes up the border of the omoclavicular triangle?

A

omohyoid muscle

clavicle

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81
Q

What are the contents of omoclavicular triangle?

A

inferior EJV

Subclavian artery deep

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82
Q

What is the floor of the Lateral Cervical Region

(Post. Triangle)?

A

4 muscles:

  1. splenius capitus
  2. levator scapulae
  3. scalenus posterior
  4. scalenus medius
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83
Q

What appears in the Lateral Cervical Region

(Post. Triangle)?sometimes?

A

scalenus anterior

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84
Q

What are the arteries of the Lateral Cervical Region

(Post. Triangle)?

A

Transverse cervical artery
Suprascapular a.
Occipital a.
Third part of Subclavian a.

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85
Q

What is the origin of the transverse cervical artery?

A

thyrocervical trunk (branch of subclavian)

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86
Q

What is the path of the Transverse Cervical A.?

A

lateral—2cm sup.to clavicle—-
across phrenic and ant. scalene—
across brachial plexus—
then deep to trapezius

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87
Q

What are the branches of the Transverse Cervical A.?

A

(branch, path)
superficial-spinal accesorry nerve
deep-becomes dorsal scapular artery

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88
Q

Where does the dorsal scapular a. go?

A

deep of rhomboid muscles

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89
Q

30% of people

A

dorsal scapular n. arises from transverse cervical a.

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90
Q

70% of people

A

dorsal scapular a. arises from subclavian

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91
Q

Where does the Suprascapular a. arise from?

A

thyrocervical trunk

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92
Q

suprascapular a.

course

A 
inferolateral----cross brachial plexus---
cross third part of subclavian---
cord of brachial plexus---
posterior to clavicle----
supplies posterior aspect of scapula
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93
Q

Occipital a.

origin

A

External Carotid

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94
Q

occipital a.

course

A

enters apex of triangle—

goes to posterior half of scalp

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95
Q

third part of subclavbian

origin

A

2nd part of subclavian

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96
Q

third part of subclavian

course

A

lateral border of anterior scalene, one finger’s width superior to clavicle—–
posterosuperior to subclavian vein

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97
Q

What is inferior to the third part of subclavian a.?

A

first rib

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98
Q

Where is omoclavicular triangle?

A

The area we pin the subclavian a. to first rib to stop bleeding of upper limb

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99
Q

veins of Lateral Cervical region?

A

EJV

Subclavian v.

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100
Q

EJV

origin

A

angle of mandible

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101
Q

subclavian v.

origin

A

axillary vein

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102
Q

subclavian v

course

A

passes over anterior scalene m and phrenic n.—
meets IJV at medial border of anterior scalene—
forms brachiocephalic vein

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103
Q

What are the nerves of the Lateral Cervical Region? (7)

A

1.Spinal Accessory n.
2.Roots of Brachial Plexus
3.roots of cervical plexus
4. suprascapular n.
5. Phrenic n.
6.Cutaneous nn.
7.Ansa cervical n
SPARCSR

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104
Q

Spinal accessory nerve CN XI

course

A

under SCM (and supplies it)—
enters triangle at middle third of posterior border of SCM—-
over levator scapulae—
deep at anterior border of trapezius at middle inferior third of anterior border of trapezius

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105
Q

roots of brachial plexus

A

ant. rami of C5-C8 and T1 spinal n.

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106
Q

roots of brachial plexus

course

A

BTW. anterior scalene and middle scalene—
5 rami unite to form three trunks (upper, middle, lower)—
descend inferolaterally—
pass btw first rib, clavicle, and sup. border of scapula into axilla

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107
Q

suprascapular n.

origin

A

sup. turnk of brachial plexus

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108
Q

suprascapular n.

course

A

lateral across lateral cervical region to supply supra and infra spinatus

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109
Q

roots of cervical plexus

origin

A

anterior rami of C1-C4

irregular series of loops

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110
Q

roots of cervical plexus

course

A

cross over levator scapulae and middle scalene m. deep to SCM

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111
Q

What branches come from the roots of the cervical plexus? (3)

A

cutaneous branches to skin
phrenic n. to muscles
ansa cervicalis to muscles

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112
Q

Where do the cutaneous branches appear after branching from cervical plexus?

A

middle point of posterior SCM

NERVE POINT OF THE NECK

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113
Q

What do the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus supply?

A

skin of neck
supralateral thoracic wall
scalp btw. ear and EOP

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114
Q

What are the four branches of cutaneous nerves?

A
  1. lesser occipital n. (C2)
  2. Great Auricular n. (C2,C3)
  3. Transverse Cervical n.(C2,C3)
  4. suprascapular nn. (C3,C4)
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115
Q

Phrenic N.

origin

A

C3-C5

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116
Q

Phrenic N.

fibers

A

sensory
motor
(sympathetic)

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117
Q

Phrenic n.

begins

A

thyroid level of lateral border of anterior scalene

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118
Q

What and where does the Phrenic n. accept fibers from?

A

from cervical sympathetic ganglion atthyroid level of lateral border of anterior scalene

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119
Q

phrenic n.

course

A

thyroid level of lateral border of anterior scalene—
travels with IJV—
behind transverse a. and suprascapular a.—
bhind subclavian v.—
enters thorax to supply diaphragm, mediastinal pleura and pericardium

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120
Q

Ansa cervical n.

supply

A

muscles of hyoid (inferior part)

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121
Q

Anterior Cervical Region (Anterior Triangle)

Anterior Boundary

A

median line of neck

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122
Q

Anterior Cervical Region (Anterior Triangle)

Posterior Boundary

A

Anterior Border of SCM

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123
Q

Anterior Cervical Region (Anterior Triangle)

Superior Boundary

A

inferior border of mandible

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124
Q

Anterior Cervical Region (Anterior Triangle)

Apex Boundary

A

jugular notch

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125
Q

Anterior Cervical Region (Anterior Triangle)

Roof Boundary

A

subcutaneous tissue containing platysma

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126
Q

Anterior Cervical Region (Anterior Triangle)

Floor Boundary

A

pharynx, larynx, and thyroid

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127
Q

Anterior Cervical Region (Anterior Triangle)

Four Divisions

A

Submental triangle (unpaired)
submandibular triangle (paired)
carotid (paired)
muscular (paired)

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128
Q

Submental Triangle

Inferior Boundary

A

body of hyoid

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129
Q

Submental Triangle

2 lateral Boundary

A

Left Ant. Belly of Digastric

Right Ant. Belly of Digastric

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130
Q

Submental Triangle

Floor Boundary

A

two mylohyoid muscles

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131
Q

two mylohyoid muscles

meeting point

A

median fibrous raphe

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132
Q

Submental Triangle

contents

A

several small submental lymph nodes

small veins

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133
Q

Submandibular triangle

anterior boundary

A

anterior belly of digastric

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134
Q

Submandibular triangle

posterior boundary

A

posterior belly of digastric

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135
Q

Submandibular triangle

lateral boundary

A

inferior boundry of mandible

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136
Q

Submandibular triangle

floor boundary

A

mylohyoid m.
hyoglossusm
middle constrictor muscle of pharynx

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137
Q

Submandibular triangle

contents

A 
submandibular gland
hypoglossal n (CNXII)
submandibular lymph nodes
hyoglossus m.
submental a. (branch of facial)
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138
Q

Carotid Triangle—vascular area

anterior Boundry

A

superior belly of the omohyoid m

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139
Q

Carotid Triangle—vascular area

posterior Boundry

A

anterior border of SCM

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140
Q

Carotid Triangle—vascular area

superior Boundry

A

posterior belly of digastric

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141
Q

Muscular Triangle

anterior boundry

A

median line of neck

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142
Q

Muscular Triangle

posterior boundry

A

anterior border of SCM

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143
Q

Muscular Triangle

Superior boundry

A

superior belly of the omohyoid m.

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144
Q

Muscular Triangle

contents

A

infrahyoid m.

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145
Q

suprahyoid muscles

A

mylohyoid
geniohyoid
digastric
stylohyoid

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146
Q

What are the functions of the suprahyoid muscles?

A

becomes the floor
helps with swallowing (elevate hyoid and pharynx)
helps make sound

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147
Q

What is between the bellies of the digastric?

A

tendon (held in place by trochlea from pretracheal layer of DCF)

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148
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A 
thyrohyoid
omohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
TOSS
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149
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

functions

A

help swallow

help speaking

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150
Q

intermediate tendon

A

between two bellies of omohyoid

trochlea holds to clavicle

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151
Q

What covers the lateral lobe of the thyroid?

A

sternothyroid

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152
Q

Where does sternothyroid attach?

A

oblique line of thyroid cartilage

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153
Q

Anterior Triangle

Arteries

A

Common corotid
internal carotid
external carotid

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154
Q

Right common corotid

beginning

A

bifurication of brachiocephalic trunk

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155
Q

Left common Carotid

beginning

A

arch of aorta

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156
Q

Where does the carotid artery divide?

A

superior border of the thyroid cartilage

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157
Q

physics checking station

A

carotid sinus

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158
Q

carotid sinus

A

a slight dialation of the proximal part of the internal carotid artery

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159
Q

what type of receptor is located in the carotid sinus

A

baroreceptor (pressoreceptor)

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160
Q

What innervates the carotid sinus?

A

carotid sinus nerve from glossopharyngeal CN IX

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161
Q

Carotid body

A

small, oval, tissue, located in the bifurication of the common carotid artery (close to carotid sinuses)

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162
Q

What type of receptor is the carotid body?

A

chemoreceptor (O2)

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163
Q

The body needs more oxygen, what happens?

A

sensed by carotid body—increase in rate and depth of resperation and blood pressure

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164
Q

carotid body

innervation

A

carotid sinus nerve (from CN IX)

Vagus CNX

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165
Q

The carotid sheath covers what structures?

A

carotid artery
internal jugular
vagus nerve

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166
Q

What is located on top of the carotid sheath?

A

ansa cervicalis

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167
Q

The Internal carotid artery enters the cranium at what structure?

A

carotid canal

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168
Q

What is the main artery for the face?

A

External carotid artery

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169
Q

External carotid Artery

course

A

goes superior between neck of mandible and auricle—–
embedded in parotid gland—–
divides into two terminal branches
(maxillary and superficial temporal)

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170
Q

External Carotid Artery

branches within neck

A 
Superior thyroid
occipital
ascending pharyngeal
posterior auricular
facial
lingual
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171
Q

1 medial branch of ECA

A

ascending pharyngeal

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172
Q

2 posterior branches of ECA

A

occipital and posterior auricular

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173
Q

3 anterior branches of ECA

A

superior thyroid
lingual
facial

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174
Q

Ascending pharyngeal a

path

A

into the deep of pharynx

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175
Q

ascending phayngeal a

supplies

A

pharynx
prevertebral muscles
middle ear
cranial meninges

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176
Q

occipital a

path

A

under the posterior belly of digastric

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177
Q

occipital a

supplies

A

occipital scalp

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178
Q

posterior auricular a.

path

A

superior between the external acoustic meatus and mastoid process

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179
Q

posterior auricular a

supply

A 
adjacent muscles
parotid gland
facial nerves
auricle
scalp
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180
Q

superior thyroid a

path

A

most inferior

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181
Q

superior thyroid a

supplies

A

thyroid
infrahyoid muscles
SCM
branches to send superior laryngeal to larynx

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182
Q

lingual a

path

A

goes deep to hypoglossal nerve CN XII
posterior belly of digastric
then deep to hypoglossus mm

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183
Q

lingual a

supplies

A

posterior part of tongue

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184
Q

facial a

path

A

immediate superior to lingual a—
under the posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid m—-
under angle of mandible—-
forward to submandibular gland—-
branches submental a to floor of mouth—
turns around to face at the middle point of the inferior of the mandible

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185
Q

What are the veins of the anterior triangle?

A

tributaries of the IJV

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186
Q

Where does the IJV drain blood from?

A

brain
face
cervical viscera
deep muscles of neck

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187
Q

IJV

begins

A

jugular foramen

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188
Q

IJV

continued part of

A

sigamoid sinus

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189
Q

IJV

beginning part

A

superior bulb

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190
Q

IJV

accompanies

A

Internal Carotid Artery
Vagus N
(within carotid sheath)

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191
Q

Where does the IJV merge with the subclavian v.?

A

sternal end of the clavicle to form brachiocephalic v.

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192
Q

What is the end portion of the IJV known as?

A

inferior bulb

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193
Q

IJV

tributaries (7)

A 
Inferior petrosal sinus
facial v
lingual v
pharyngeal v
superior thyroid v
middle thyroid v
occipital v
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194
Q

Facial v.

may recieve from (4)

A

superior thyroid v
lingual v
retromandibular v
anterior jugular

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195
Q

pharyngeal v.

begins

A

pharyngeal plexus of pharyngeal muscles

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196
Q

Anterior triangle

nerves (4)

A

Transverse cervical n (C2,3)
Hypoglossal n (CN XII)
Branches of glossopharyngeal n (CN XI)
Branches of Vagus n (CN X)

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197
Q

Transverse cervical nerve

supplies

A

skin of anterior cervical region

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198
Q

Hypoglossal n

type

A

motor

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199
Q

Hypoglossal n

path

A

between external carotid a. and IJV—-

sends out a nerve called superior root of ansa cervicalis (this nerve is truely a branch from cervical plexus)

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200
Q

Hypoglossal n.

supplies

A

all intrinsic muscles and most extrinsic muscles except one (palatoglossus)

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201
Q

muscles of the tongue

general

A

intrinsic

extrinsic

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202
Q

extrinsic muscles of tongue

A

genioglossus
hyoglossus
styloglossus
palatoglossus

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203
Q

intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

sup. longitudinal muscle
inf. longitudinal muscle
transverse m
verticle m

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204
Q

What muscle does the hypoglossal nerve not innervate?

A

palatoglossus

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205
Q

Branches of glossopharyngeal

location

A

submandibular triangle

carotid triangle

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206
Q

Branches of glossopharyngeal

supplies

A

tongue

pharynx

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207
Q

branches of vagus n.

location

A

submandibular triangle

carotid triangle

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208
Q

branches of vagus n.

branches

A

pharyngeal
laryngeal
cardiac

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209
Q

deep structures of neck

2

A

prevertebral muscles

root of the neck

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210
Q

prevertebral muscles

location

A

posterior to the cervical viscera

anterolateral to the cervical vertebra column

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211
Q

root of the neck

location

A

cervical side of the superior thoracic aperture

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212
Q

What fascia covers prevertebral muscles?

A

prevertebral layer of DCF

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213
Q

prevertebral muscles

groups

A

anterior vertebral muscles

lateral vertebral muscles

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214
Q

anterior vertebral muscles

4

A

longus colli
longus capitus
rectus capitus anterior
anterior scalene

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215
Q

Where are the anterior vertebral muscles located in reference to the retropharyngeal space?

A

directly posterior

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216
Q

What structures make up the neurovascular plane?

A

cervical plaexus
brachial plexus
subclavian artery

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217
Q

Lateral Vertebral Muscles

5

A 
rectus capitus lateralis
splenius capitus
levator scapulae
middle scalene
posterior scalene
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218
Q

Where are the lateral vertebral muscles located in reference to the neurovascular plane?

A

posterior

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219
Q

Superior Thoracic Aperture

formation

A

1st pair of ribs and their costal carilages
manubrium
body of T1

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220
Q

Arteries of the root of the neck

7

A 
Brachiocephalic trunk
Subclavian aa
Vertebral a
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical trunk
costocervical a
dorsal scapular a
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221
Q

Brachiocephalic Trunk

A

largest branch of aorta

located behind manubrium

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222
Q

Brachiocephalic Trunk

path

A

manubrium—-sternoclavicular joint—divides into right subclavian and right common carotid

223
Q

left subclavian

origin

A

aorta

224
Q

Both subclavian arteries begin at what structure?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

225
Q

subclavian a.

path after SC joint

A

arch superior and lateral—-
pass behind anterior scalene mm—
disappear posterior to the middle of the clavicles

226
Q

Where does subclavian a. become the axillary a?

A

at the outer edge of the first rib

227
Q

3 parts of subclavian a.

A

1st- middle to ant. scalene
2nd-posterior to ant. scalene
3rd-lateral to ant. scalene

228
Q

subclavian a.

supplies

A

upper limbs

some branches to neck and brain

229
Q

subclavian a.
branches
(5)

A 
vertebral a
thyrocervical a
internal thoracic a
costocervical trunk
dorsal scapular a. (70%)
230
Q

Vertebral a.

origin

A

1st part of subclavian a

231
Q

5% of people vertebral artery origin

A

aorta

232
Q

vertebral a.

4 parts

A

cervical part
vertebral part
suboccipital part
cranial part

233
Q

Cervical part of vertebral a.

path

A

superior between scalene and longus muscles—

234
Q

vertebra part of vertebral a.

path

A

through transverse foramina of C6-C1

235
Q

suboccipital part of vertebral a.

path

A

over the groove on posterior arch of C1—-

enters the cranial cavity through foramen magnum

236
Q

Cranial part of vertebral a.

supplies

A

branches to spinal cord
medulla oblongata
part of cerebellum
dura of posterior cranial fossa

237
Q

Joining of two vertebral arteries

name and location

A

basilar a.

inferior border of the pons

238
Q

internal thoracic artery

origin

A

1st part of subclavian

239
Q

Thyrocervical trunk

origin

A

1st part of subclavian

near anterior border of the anterior scalene muscle

240
Q

Thyrocervical trunk

branches

A

suprascapular a
inferior thyroid a
transverse cervical a. (cervicodorsal trunk)
SIT

241
Q

Inferior thyroid a.

branch

A

ascending cervical a. to upper neck

242
Q

Suprascapular a.

path

A

posterior of scapula

supplies muscles

243
Q

Transverse a.

supplies

A

lateral region of the neck

trapezius

244
Q

Costocervical a.

origin

A

posterior of 2nd part of subclavian a

245
Q

Costocervical a

divides into

A

superior intercostal a. (two first intercostal spaces)

deep cervical a. (deep cervical muscles)

246
Q

Dorsal Scapular artery

origin

A

70% 3rd part of subclavian

30% transverse cervical a.

247
Q

Dorsal Scapular artery

path

A

through the trunks of brachial plexus—

deep to levator scapulae m and rhomboid

248
Q

Dorsal Scapular artery

extra activities

A

participation in arterial anastomses around scapula

249
Q

Veins of root of neck

A

EJV

Subclavian v

250
Q

EJV collects blood from

A

scalp and face

251
Q

Subclavian v

origin

A

from axillary vein at outer border of first rib

252
Q

subclavian v

ending

A

unites with IJV to form brachiocephalic v

253
Q

What seperates the Subclavian v and artery?

A

anterior scalene muscle

254
Q

venous angle

A

the corner made where IJV and Subclavian v meet

255
Q

Where does the thoracic duct and right lymphatic trunk drain lymph into venous circulation?

A

venous angle

256
Q

Major nerves of the root of the neck

3

A

vagus n
phrenis n
sympathertic trunk

257
Q

vagus n

exit cranium

A

jugular foramen—into carotid sheath

258
Q

Right vagus

path

A

inferiorward between 1st part of subclavian and brachiocephalic v at the right SC joint—enters thorax

259
Q

Left vagus n

path

A

inferiorward between left common carotid and subclavian—behind the left brachiocephalic vein at posterior of left SC joint

260
Q

Important branches of vagus n

2

A

recurrent laryngeal

cardiac branches of vagus

261
Q

Right Recurrent laryngeal nn

path

A

loops inferior to the right subclavian a.

AT T1-T2

262
Q

Left recurrent laryngeal n

path

A

Loops inferior to the arch of the aorta

AT T4-T5

263
Q

Where do both recurrent laryngeal nn loop back to?

A

tracheoesophogeal groove

264
Q

recurrent laryngeal nn

supplies

A

trachea
esophagus
all muscles of larynx except
CRICOTHYROID m.

265
Q

Cardiac branches of vagus

branches

A

superior cervical cardiac n

inferior cervical cardiac n

266
Q

Phrenic n.

formed

A

at lateral borders of anterior scalene

C3-C5

267
Q

Phrenic n

path

A

inferiorward, anterior to anterior scalene muscle—
between subclavian artery and v—-
enters thoracic cavity and goes to diaphragm

268
Q

Anterolateral to the vertebral column

Trunk

A

cervical portion of sympathetic trunk

269
Q

What does the cervical portion of the sympathertic trunk not accept?

A

white communicating branches in the neck

270
Q

Cervical sympathetic trunk

ganglions

A

Inferior cervical ganglion
middle cervicle ganglion
superior cevical ganglion

271
Q

Inferior cervical ganglion

location

A

at C7 TP

272
Q

80% of people ganglion

A

Inferior cervical ganglion fuses with 1st thoracic ganglion to form cervicothoracic ganglion (stellate ganglion)

273
Q

stellate ganglion AKA

A

cervicothoracic ganglion

274
Q

inferior cervical ganglion

branch to heart

A

inferior cervical cardiac n

cardiaopulmonary splanchnic n

275
Q

middle cervical ganglion

location

A

TP of C6

276
Q

middle cervical ganglion

branch to heart

A

middle cervical cardiac n

cardiaopulmonary splanchnic n

277
Q

Superior cervical ganglion

location

A

TP of C1 C2

278
Q

Superior cervical ganglion

size

A

largest

279
Q

Superior cervical ganglion

branch to heart

A

superior cervical cardiac n.

cardiaopulmonary splanchnic n

280
Q

Viscera of the Neck

layers (3)

A
  1. endocrine layer: includes thyroid glands and parathyroid glands
  2. respitory layer: includes larynxs and trachea
  3. alimentary layer: includes pharynx and esophagus
281
Q

Endocrine layer of the Cervical Viscera

hormones produced

A
  1. thyroid hormone
  2. calcitonin
  3. parathomone
282
Q

Thyroid Hormone

A

controls speed of metabolism

overproduction during puberty, the body will mature too quickly

283
Q

Calcitonin

A

controls calcium metabolism

284
Q

Parathomone

A

Parathyroid produced

controls phosphorus and calcium metabolism

285
Q

Thyroid gland

location

A

before the larynx and trachea

deep to sternothyroid and sternohyoid mm

286
Q

Thyroid gland

level vertebrae

A

C5-T1

287
Q

Thyroid Gland

features

A

2 lobes

1 isthmus

288
Q

Thyroid Gland

height of isthmus

A

opposite the second and third tracheal rings

289
Q

Thyroid Gland

surronded by

A

fibrous capsule

290
Q

Thyroid Gland
Fibrous Capsule
gives rise to

A

visceral portion of the pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia

291
Q

Thyroid Gland

Arteries

A

superior thyroid a

inferior thyroid a.

292
Q

What do the arteries to the thyroid gland go between?

A

2 layers of fascia:

  1. fibrous capsule
  2. visceral portion of DCF
293
Q

Superior Thyroid Artery

origin

A

ECA

294
Q

Superior Thyroid Artery

branches

A

anterior

posterior

295
Q

Inferior Thyroid Artery

origin

A

Thyrocervical trunk

296
Q

Inferior Thyroid Artery

supplies

A

posterior inferior of thyroid gland

297
Q

What anastamosis inside the thyroid gland?

A

superior and inferior thyroid artery

298
Q

What could also be said about this anastomosis?

A

it is an anastomosis of carotid and subclavian artery

299
Q

Thyroid Gland

Veins

A

Superior
inferior
middle (Thyroid veins)

300
Q

Superior Thyroid Vein

accompany and drains into

A

Superior thyroid artery

drains superior portion of gland to IJV

301
Q

Middle thyroid vein

accompanies and drains

A

inferior thyroid artery

drains middle part of gland to IJV

302
Q

inferior thyroid vein

accompany and drains

A

no accompany

drains inferior pole of gland to brachiocephalic vein

303
Q

What forms the interlobar connective tissue of thyroid gland?

A

fibrous capsule

304
Q

What collects all the lymph from the thyroid gland?

A

superior deep cervical lymph nodes

inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

305
Q

Where do the nerves for the thyroid gland come from?

A

superior
inferior
middle (cervical sympathetic ganglion)

306
Q

How do these nerves reach the thyroid gland?

A

through the arteries including superior and inferior thyroid arteries

307
Q

What are the nerves of the thyroid gland called?

A

superior and inferior thyroid prearterial plexuses

308
Q

What do the nerves of the thyroid gland do?

A

constrict the blood vessles of the thyroid

vasomotor nn

309
Q

Why are the nerves of the thyroid important?

A

because the hormones sent by the thyroid need to be regulated

310
Q

Parathyroid Gland

divisions

A

L/R superior

L/R inferior parathyroid glands

311
Q

Parathyroid Gland

location

A

in the posterior of the L/R lobes
outside the fibrous capsule of thyroid gland
(inside their sheath)

312
Q

Superior parathyroid glands

specfic location

A

1 cm higher than entry of inferior thyroid artery

313
Q

Inferior Parathyroid glands

specific location

A

1 cm lower than entry of inferior thyroid artery

314
Q

Can people have variations involving more or less parathyroid glands?

A

yes

315
Q

Parathyroid Glands

Arterial supply

A

inferior thyroid artery
superior thyroid artery
arteries from trachea and esophagus

316
Q

Parathyroid gland

lymph

A

deep cervical lymph nodes

317
Q

Respitory Layer of Cervical Visera

parts

A

larynx

trachea

318
Q

Respitory Layer of Cervical Visera

functions

A

taking and passing air to the lungs

producing sound for voice

319
Q

Larynx

function

A

can produce voice (voice box)

protects the airway

320
Q

Larynx

Location

A

anterior of the neck
at vertebral level C3-C6
connects with trachea

321
Q

Larynx

Skeleton (Soft)

A

consists of nine cartiladges

322
Q

Larynx

singular cartilages

A

thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
epiglottis

323
Q

Larynx

paired cartilages

A

arytenoid cartilage
corniculate cartilage
cuneiform cartilage

324
Q

Larynx

very small embedded cartilage

A

cuneiform

325
Q

Larynx
Thyroid Cartilage
vertebral level

A

at vertebral level C4-C5

326
Q

Larynx
Thyroid Cartilage
parts

A 
lamina
laryngeal prominence (adam's apple)
thyroid notch
superior cornu (superior horn)
inferior cornu (inferior horn)
thyrohyoid membrane
cricothyroid joint
327
Q

Where is the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

between the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

328
Q

Where is the cricothyroid joint?

A

at the articulation between inferior horn (cornu) and cricoid catilage

329
Q

Larynx
Cricoid Cartilage
shape

A

ring-shaped

330
Q

Larynx
Cricoid Cartilage
parts

A

lamina

arch

331
Q

Larynx
Cricoid Cartilage
ligaments

A

median cricothyroid ligament
lateral cricothyroid ligament
cricotracheal ligament

332
Q

What do the medial and lateral cricothyroid ligaments connect?

A

thyroid and cricoid cartilages

333
Q

What does the cricotracheal ligament connect?

A

cricoid cartilage with first tracheal ring

334
Q

Where id the place to puncture in the case of an emergency blockage?

A

cricotracheal ligament

close to skin

335
Q

Larynx
Arytenoid Cartilage
shape

A

pyramidal

336
Q

Larynx
Arytenoid Cartilage
processes

A

vocal process

muscular process

337
Q

What is the joint between arytenoid and cricoid cartilage?

A

cricoarytenoid joints

338
Q

Where does sliding and rotating occur in the cricoarytenoid joints?

A

superior border

339
Q

Larynx
Arytenoid Cartilage
elastic ligament

A

vocal ligament

340
Q

Vocal ligament

location

A

extending from back of thyroid cartilage to vocal process

341
Q

Where is the conus elasticus?

A

between the vocal ligament and lateral cricothyroid ligament

342
Q

Conus elasticus is a _______?

A

membrane

343
Q

Larynx
Epiglottis
location

A

posterior to the root of the tongue

344
Q

Larynx
Epiglottis
Stalk connects?

A

epiglottis to thyroid cartilage

345
Q

Larynx
Epiglottis
ligament connects?

A

epiglottis to hyoid bone

346
Q

Larynx
Epiglottis
membrane

A

quadrangular membrane

347
Q

quadrangular membrane

location

A

between lateral side of arytenoid cartilage and

lateral side of epiglottic cartilage

348
Q

quadrangular membrane

extension connection

A

extends into cavity of larynx to connect with vestibular ligament

349
Q

quadrangular membrane

embedded in

A

mucosa

350
Q

What is embedded in the quadrangular membrane mucosa?

A

Vocal ligament

351
Q

What is the edge between the epiglottis and vestibular fold?

A

aryepiglottic fold

352
Q

Corniculate cartilage

defining feature

A

it is small

353
Q

Cuneform cartilage

embedded where

A

in the edge of aryepiglottic fold and by the side of the corniculate cartilage

354
Q

Interior cavity of the larynx

location

A

from the inlet of the larynx to the inferior border of cricoid cartilage

355
Q

What is the opening of the larynx?

A

Inlet

356
Q

What is located behind the inlet of the larynx?

A

laryngopharynx

357
Q

What continues with the larynx?

A

trachea

358
Q

What is found in the cavity of the larynx?

A 
Vestibular fold
vocal fold
laryngeal vestibule
laryngeal ventricle
infraglottic cavity
359
Q

vestibular fold

function

A

to protect the vocal fold

360
Q

What is found between the two vestibular folds?

A

an opening—rima vestibuli

361
Q

What ligament is found in the vestibular fold?

A

vestibular ligament

362
Q

Vocal Fold

ligament

A

vocal ligament

363
Q

Vocal Fold

fine muscle

A

vocalis muscle

364
Q

What is found between the two vocal folds?

A

aperture- rima glottidis

365
Q

Vocal fold

controls

A

sound production

366
Q

vocal fold and rima glottidis

common name

A

glottis

367
Q

Laryngeal vestibule

locaton

A

above vestibular fold

368
Q

Laryngeal Ventricle

location

A

between vestibular fold and vocal fold

369
Q

Infraglottic cavity

location

A

under the vocal fold

370
Q

Laryngeal muscle

extrinsic

A

suprahyoid elevate larynx

infrahyoid depress larynx

371
Q

Laryngeal muscles
intrinsic muscles
function

A

adjusting the length and tension of the vocal ligament and changing the shape of the rima glottidis

372
Q

Laryngeal muscles
intrinsic muscles
movements

A

abduction or adduction

tension or relaxation

373
Q

Laryngeal muscles
intrinsic muscles
(9) TACT PLOT V

A

Thyroepiglotticus m
Aryepiglottic m
Cricothyroid m
Thyroarytenoid m

Posterior cricoarytenoid m.
Lateral cricoarytenoid m.
Oblique arytenoid m
Transverse arytenoid m.

Vocalis (aryvocalis) m

374
Q

Laryngeal muscles
intrinsic muscles
Abduction and adduction

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid m -opening rima glottidis

Lateral cricoarytenoid m.- closes rima glottidis

375
Q

Laryngeal muscles
intrinsic muscles
tension and relaxation

A

Cricothyroid m.-tension vocal ligament

thyroarytenoid m.- relaxing vocal ligament

376
Q

Laryngeal muscles

arteries

A

superior thyroid artery-sup. laryngeal a

inferior thyroid artery- inf. laryngeal a

377
Q

Laryngeal muscles
superior laryngeal artery
penetration and supply

A

thyrohyoid membrane

supplies internal surface of larynx

378
Q

Laryngeal muscles
inferior laryngeal a.
supplies

A

internal surface and muscles of the inferior larynx

379
Q

Larynx

lymph

A

superior and inferior deep cervical nodes

380
Q

Larynx

Nerves

A

Vagus—–
superior laryngeal n.
recurrent laryngeal n.

381
Q

Superior laryngeal n.

divides into

A

internal laryngeal n.

external laryngeal n.

382
Q

Internal Laryngeal n.

path

A

pierces through thyrohyoid membrane w/

superior laryngeal a.

383
Q

Internal Laryngeal n.

supplies

A

mucosa of vocal fold and above by sensory fiber

384
Q

External laryngeal n.

path and supplies

A

w/ superior thyroid a.to supply cricothyroid m.

385
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal n. become?

A

inferior laryngeal n.

386
Q

The inferior laryngeal n. branches into?

A

anterior branch

posterior branch

387
Q

Anterior branch of inferior laryngeal

supplies

A 
cricothyroid m.
thyroarytenoid m.
vocalis m.
aryepiglottic m.
thyroepiglottic m.
388
Q

Posterior branch of inferior laryngeal

supplies

A

posterior cricoarytenoid m

transverse and oblique arytenoid mm

389
Q

Damage to the larygeal nerves results in _____ or _____.

A

lower intensity or lost voice

390
Q

What composes the trachea?

A

cartilage and fibers

consisting of incomplete trachea rings

391
Q

What is the function of the tracheal rings?

A

to keep the trachea’s shape and prevent collapse

392
Q

What closes the back of the trachea?

A

smooth muscles

393
Q

Trachea

location

A

located in the neck

continues with larynx at C6

394
Q

Trachea

lower structures

A

left and right bronchi

395
Q

Trachea

continues with bronchi at

A

T4-T5 disc

396
Q

Trachea

posterior

A

esopagus

397
Q

Trachea

Anterior

A

ismus of thyroid

398
Q

Trachea

two sides

A

lobe of thyroid and common carotid a.

399
Q

Trachea

function

A

passing air to lungs

expelling dirty mucus out of body

400
Q

Alimmentary layer of Cervical Viscera

Structures

A

Pharynx

401
Q

Pharynx

boundaries

A

Sup.-cranial base
Inf.- continued with esophagus at the level of the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

Anterior-nasal cavity, oral cavity and larynx
Posterior-prevertebral layer of DCF

402
Q

Pharynx

widest place

A

hyoid bone

403
Q

Pharynx

narrowest

A

inferior end

404
Q

Pharynx
Interior
parts

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

405
Q

Nasopharynx

location

A

posterior to nose and superior to palate

406
Q

Oropharynx

location

A

posterior to mouth

407
Q

Laryngopharynx

location

A

posterior to the larynx

408
Q

Nasopharynx

function

A

respiratory

409
Q

Nasopharynx

boundaries

A

Roof-sphenoid bone and basilar part of occipital
Ant.- choanae
Inf.-Soft palate
Posterior-posterior wall of pharynx

410
Q

Nasopharynx

abundant lymph tissue on the posterior wall=

A

pharyngeal tonsil

411
Q

Nasopharynx

opening on posterior wall

A

opening of the pharyngotympanic tube

412
Q

Nasopharynx

What is found around the opening on the posterior wall?

A

torus of the pharyngotymapanic tube (torus tubarius)

413
Q

Nasopharynx

extension of torus of opening on posterior wall

A

salpingopharyngeal fold

414
Q

Nasopharynx

What is found in the mucosa of the salpingopharyngeal fold?

A

salpingpharyngeal m

415
Q

What is found posterior to the torus of the pharyngotympanic tube?

A

pharyngeal recess

416
Q

Oropharynx

functions

A

respiratory

digestive

417
Q

Oropharynx

boundaries

A

Sup.-soft palate
Inf.-tongue and superior edge of epiglottis

Lateral-palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch, palatine tonsils

Anterior-mouth
Posterior- posterior wall

418
Q

Laryngopharynx
boundaries
Superior

A

superior edge of epiglottis and pharyngoepiglottic folds

419
Q

Laryngopharynx
boundaries
Inferior

A

at the level of inferior border of cricoid cartilage

420
Q

Laryngopharynx
boundaries
Anterior

A

the inlet of larynx

421
Q

Laryngopharynx
boundaries
Posterior

A

posterior wall opposite to C4-C6 vertebrae

422
Q

What is found on each side of the inlet of the larynx?

A

Piriform fossa

423
Q

The internal laryngeal n. and recurrent laryngeal n. are deep to the mucosa, where?

A

Piriform fossa

424
Q

If fish bones pierce the piriform fossa what nerves will be injured?

A

Internal laryngeal n.

recurrent laryngeal n.

425
Q

Are muscles of the pharynx voluntary or involuntary?

A

voluntary

426
Q

The external muscles of the pharynx are arranged _____?

A

circularly

427
Q

The internal muscles of the pharynx are arranged ______?

A

longitudinally

428
Q

Pharynx

external muscles

A

Superior pharyngeal constrictor m.
Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

429
Q

Pharynx

internal muscles

A

palatopharyngeus m.
stylopharyngeus m.
salpingopharyngeus m.

430
Q

What is the function of the muscles of the pharynx?

A

elevate and
constrict the pharynx
during swallowing and speaking

431
Q

What fascia surrounds the muscles of the pharynx?

A

pharyngobasilar fascia-connecting from cranial base

Buccopharyngeal fascia- we know haha

432
Q

How many overlappings of pharyngeal constrictor mm?

A

four

433
Q

1st pharyngeal muscle gap

location

A

between cranium and superior constrictor m.

434
Q

1st pharyngeal muscle gap

what passes through

A

levator veli palatine m.
pharyngotympanic tube
ascending palatine a

435
Q

2nd pharyngeal muscle gap

location

A

between the superior and middle constrictor m.

436
Q

2nd pharyngeal muscle gap

what passes through

A

stylopharyngeus m
stylohyoid ligament
glossopharyngeal n.

437
Q

3rd pharyngeal muscle gap

location

A

between middle and inferior cnstrictor m.

438
Q

3rd pharyngeal muscle gap

what passes through

A

internal laryngeal n.

superior laryngeal a.

439
Q

4th pharyngeal muscle gap

location

A

under inferior constrictor

440
Q

4th pharyngeal muscle gap

what passes here

A

recurrent laryngeal n.

inferior laryngeal a.

441
Q

Pharynx

blood supply

A

Tonsil a.

from carotid

442
Q

Pharynx

lymph

A

pharyngeal tonsilar ring

  1. palatine tonsils
  2. lingual tonsils
  3. pharynx tonsils
443
Q

Pharynx

lymph drainage

A

mandibular lymph nodes and jugulodigastric nodes

444
Q

Pharyngeal plexus

parts (3)

A

vagus n
glossopharyngeal n.
sympathetic n. from superior cervical ganglion

445
Q

Pharyngeal plexus

location

A

on superior pharyngeal constrictor m.

446
Q

All muscles of the pharynx recieve motor innervation from the ______?
(1 exception)

A

Vagus

447
Q

The stylopharyngeus m. recieves motor innervation from what n.?

A

glossopharyngeal

448
Q

Where does sensory innervation of the pharynx come from?

A

glossopharyngeal

some maxillary

449
Q

Esophagus

voluntary striated

A

superior third

450
Q

Esophagus

voluntary/ involuntary

A

middle third

451
Q

Esophagus

involuntary/ smooth

A

inferior third

452
Q

Esophagus-superior third
Boundaries
Superior vertebral level

A

C6

453
Q

Esophagus-superior third
Boundaries
Inferior

A

superior border of manubrium

454
Q

Esophagus-superior third
Boundaries
Anterior

A

trachea

455
Q

Esophagus-superior third
Boundaries
Posterior

A

cervical vertebral column

456
Q

Esophagus-superior third
Boundaries
Left and Right side

A

thyroid gland and carotid sheath

457
Q

Esophagus-superior third

blood supply

A

branches of inferior thyroid a.

458
Q

Esophagus-superior third

lymph drainage

A

deep cervical lymph nodes

459
Q

Esophagus-superior third

Nerve supply

A

recurrent laryngeal n.

sympathetic from plexus around inferior thyroid a.

460
Q

Largest cranial n.

A

trigeminal-CN5

461
Q

Trigeminal n. CN5

origin

A

lateral sides of pons

462
Q

Trigeminal n. CN5

mostly what kind of fibers

A

sensory (large root)

463
Q

Trigeminal n. CN5

flattened ganglion location

A

trigeminal impression—-

lateral to cavernous sinus

464
Q

Trigeminal n. CN5

neurons from flattened ganglion

A

pseudounipolar neurons—–

peripheral processes to face

465
Q

Trigeminal n. CN5

branches

A

Opthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

466
Q

Trigeminal n. CN5

zones of cutaneous innervation

A

dermatome

467
Q

Trigeminal n. CN5

motor root

A

mandibular

468
Q

Trigeminal n. CN5

mandibular motor supply what muscles

A 
muscles of mastication
mylohyoid
anterior belly of digastric
tensor veli palatine
tensor tympani
469
Q

Trigeminal n. CN5

has none of these fibers

A

presynaptic parasympathetic fibers

470
Q

All parasympathetic ganglions are associated with

A

branches of the trigeminal n.

471
Q

Opthalmic n. CN5/1

exit cranium

A

superior orbital fissure

472
Q

Opthalmic n. CN5/1

distribution

A

cornea
upper conjuctiva
mucosa of anterosuperior nasal cavity
etc. page 117

473
Q

Opthalmic n. CN5/1

branches

A 
tentorial n
lacrimal n.
frontal n.
nasociliary n.
ciliary nn. (infratrochlear, anterior and posterior ethmoid nn)
474
Q

Maxillary N. CN5/2
fibers
passage

A

sensory

foramen rotundum

475
Q

Maxillary N. CN5/2

distribution

A 
dura mater or anterior middle cranial fossa
conjunctiva of inferior eyelid
mucosa of poseroinferior nasal cavity
maxillary sinus
palate
anterior of superior oral vestibule
maxillary teeth
skin of lateral external nose
inferior eyelid
anterior cheek
upper lip
476
Q

Maxillary N. CN5/2
branches
A LOT of them

A 
meningeal branch
zygomatic branch
zygomaticofacial branch
communicating branch with lacrimal
ganglionic branches of pterygopalatine- ganglion
posterior superior alveolar branches
superior labial
inferior palpebral
external nasal
greater palatine
posterior inferior lateral nasal
lesser palatine
posterior superior lateral nasal
pharyngeal
nasopalatine
477
Q

Mandibular N CN5/3
fibers
passage

A

sensory and motor

foramen ovale

478
Q

Mandibular N CN5/3
distribution
sensory innervation:

A 
mucosa of anterior 2/3 of tongue
floor of mouth
posterior and anterior oral vestibule
mandibular teeth
skin of lower lip
buccal region
temporal region
external ear
479
Q

Mandibular N CN5/3
branches
sensory

A 
meningeal branch
buccal n.
auricotemporal n.
lingual n.
inferior alveolar n.
inferior dental plexus
mental n
480
Q

Mandibular N CN5/3
branches
motor

A 
masseter n
temporal n
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid
mylohyoid
anterior belly of digastric n
tensor tympani n
tensor veli palatine n
481
Q

Facial N. CN7

origin

A

inferior border of pons

482
Q

Facial N. CN7

cranial route

A

internal acoustic meatus—

facial canal

483
Q

Facial N. CN7

passage

A

stylomastoid foramen

484
Q

Facial N. CN7

penetrates

A

parotid gland—-

to form parotid nerve plexus

485
Q

Facial N. CN7

fibers (components) (4)

A
  1. Branchial (sp?) (special visceral efferent)
  2. Visceral motor (general visceral)
  3. Special sensory (special visceral)
  4. General sensory (general somatic)
486
Q

Facial N. CN7
Branchial motor fiber
innervates

A

striated muscles from pharyngeal arches

487
Q

Facial N. CN7
Visceral motor fiber
innervates

A

smooth muscles and glands

488
Q

Facial N. CN7
Special sensory
innervate

A

taste and smell mucosa

489
Q

Facial N. CN7
General sensory
innervate

A

skin and general mucosa

490
Q

Facial N. CN7
Branchial motor fiber
origin

A

branchiomotor nucleus

491
Q

Facial N. CN7
Visceral motor fiber
origin

A

superior salivary nucleus

492
Q

Facial N. CN7
Special sensory
origin

A

solitary tract nucleus

493
Q

Facial N. CN7
General sensory
origin

A

spinal nucleus of trigeminal

494
Q

Facial N. CN7
Branchial motor fiber
branch destination

A 
stapedius m
posterior belly of digastric m
sylohyoid m
scalp m
facial m
495
Q

Facial N. CN7
Visceral motor fiber
branch destination

A

lacrimal glands
submandibular gland
sublingual gland

496
Q

Facial N. CN7
Visceral motor fiber
branches

A 
intermediate n
greater petrosal n.
lesser petrosal n.
tympanic plexus
chorda tympani
497
Q

Facial N. CN7
Visceral motor fiber
presynaptic parasympathetic

A

intermediate n.
greater petrosal n
chorda tympani

498
Q

Facial N. CN7
Visceral motor fiber
greater petrosal ganglion

A

pterygopalatine ganglion

499
Q

Facial N. CN7
Visceral motor fiber
chorda tympani ganglion

A

submandibular ganglion

500
Q

Facial N. CN7
Special sensory
destination

A

anterior 2/3 of tongue

soft palate

501
Q

Facial N. CN7
Special sensory
first path

A

intermediate n.

502
Q

Facial N. CN7
Special sensory
ganglion

A

geniculate ganglion

503
Q

Facial N. CN7
Special sensory
path after ganglion

A

chorda tympani—
lingual n—
ant. 2/3 of tongue and soft palate

504
Q

Facial N. CN7
General sensory
destination

A

skin of the external acoustic meatus

505
Q

Facial N. CN7

segments (4)—path

A

labyrinthine segment-internal acoustic meatus
geneculate segment- in canal, between the 1 and 3
tympanic segment-in canal, close to tympanic cavity, passes by medial wall of this cavity
mastoid segment- in canal, passes mastoid process

506
Q

Facial N. CN7

laceration or contusion results in

A

paralysis of facial muscles

507
Q

Facial N. CN7

temporal bone fracture could result in

A

increased sensitivity to noise
dry mouth and cornea
loss of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue
(in addition to paralysis of facial muscles)

508
Q

Facial N. CN7
temporal bone fracture could result in
why sensitivity to noise?

A

damage to stepedius m. nerve

509
Q

Facial N. CN7

roots

A

motor

intermediate

510
Q

Facial N. CN7
greater petrosal n.
arises from

A

geniculum

511
Q

Facial N. CN7
greater petrosal n.
accepts what nerve, then becomes what n.?

A

accepts- deep petrosal n.

becomes- n. of the pterygoid canal

512
Q

Facial N. CN7
greater petrosal n.
ganglion and distribution

A

pterygopalatine ganglion
lacrimal gland
glands of nose an palate

513
Q

Facial N. CN7
stapedius n
destination

A

stapedius m.

514
Q

Facial N. CN7
chorda tympani
path

A 
into tympanic cavity---
across melleus bone---
exits from petrotympanic fascia-----
into infratemporal fossa---
joins lingual n---
some fibers to anterior 2/3 of tongue---
some fibers to submandibular ganglion and on to glands
515
Q

Pharyngeal Apparatus

gill=

A

structure of fetus, brachial apparatus

516
Q

Humans don’t develop gills so brachial plexus is instead known as

A

pharyngeal apparatus

517
Q

Why is pharyngeal appartaus not a good name?

A

doesn’t include all organs of face and neck

518
Q

Pharyngeal apparatus includes what structures?

A

most head and neck organs

not the brain or eye

519
Q

What is a deformation?

A

abnormalities originating from something wrong in the embryo or fetus

520
Q

Embryo stage

4 parts

A

pharyngeal arches
pharyngeal pouches
pharyngeal grooves
pharyngeal membranes

521
Q

Pharyngeal Arches

begin

A

in fourth week

when neural crest cells move into head and neck area

522
Q

Pharyngeal Arches

number of arches

A

4

523
Q

Pharyngeal Arches

components

A

aortic arch
cartilaginous rod
muscular component
nerve

524
Q

Pharyngeal Arches

components become what

A

aortic arch-blood vessels
cartilaginous rod-skeleton
muscular component-muscles
nerve-nerve to mucosa and muscles

525
Q

Pharyngeal Pouches

first pouch develops into what

A

tympanic cavity

pharyngotympanic tube

526
Q

Pharyngeal Pouches

second pouch develops into what

A

tonsilar fossa

527
Q

Pharyngeal Pouches

third pouch develops into what

A

inferior parathyroid gland and thymus

528
Q

Pharyngeal Pouches

fourth pouch develops into what

A

superior parathyroid gland

529
Q

Pharyngeal Pouches

What continues to develop after birth?

A

thymus

becomes small when teenaged

530
Q

Pharyngeal Grooves

first groove becomes

A

external acoustic meatus

after birth

531
Q

Pharyngeal Pouches

other 3 grooves combined

A

cervical sinus and later become cervical vesicle

532
Q

Pharyngeal Pouches

What happens if the sinus or vesicle does not close and disappear?

A

A small sinus eill be seen on neck skin

533
Q

Pharyngeal membranes

location

A

between endoderm and extoderm (mesenchyme)

534
Q

Pharyngeal membranes

limited to

A

first groove and pouch

535
Q

Pharyngeal membranes

becomes

A

tympanic membrane

536
Q

Development of cranium

3 stages

A

fetus cranium
new born cranium
postnatal growth of cranium

537
Q

Fetus cranium

developed from

A

mesenchyme of brain

538
Q

Fetus cranium

four parts

A

cartilaginous neurocranium
membranous neurocranium
cartilaginous vscerocranium
membarnous viscerocranium

539
Q

cartilaginous neurocranium

beginning

A

6th week

540
Q

cartilaginous neurocranium

two kinds of cartilage

A

parachrodial cartilages

hypophysial cartilage

541
Q

When the fetus is born cartilaginous neurocranium becomes?

A

Part of occipital bone
petrous and mastoid part of the temporal bone
sphenoid bone
ethmoid bone

542
Q

Membranous neurocranium

becomes

A

calveria
frontal bone
parietal bone
part of occipital

543
Q

Membranous neurocranium

membranes—temporally not ossificated

A

frontanelles (keep until 1-2 years)

544
Q

Membranous neurocranium

membranes purpose

A

to help head of fetus through passage during birth

545
Q

Membranous neurocranium

movable change in the cranium is known as

A

molding

546
Q

Membranous neurocranium

problems with fusing

A

craniosynostosis

547
Q

Membranous neurocranium

problems with fusing include these conditions (4)

A

Scaphocephaly
Oxycephaly
Plagiocephaly
Trigonocephaly

548
Q

What is the cause of all the fusing abnormalities listed?

A

premature closure of the cranial suture

before birth

549
Q

Cartilaginous viscerocranium

develop into

A 
malleus
Incus
Stapes
Styloid process
Lesser horn of hyoid
Superior part of hyoid
Greater horn of hyoid
Inferior part of hyoid
laryngeal cartilage except epiglottis
550
Q

Membranous viscerocranium

A

squamous part of temporal bone
maxillary bone
zygomatic bone
mandible bone

551
Q

New Born Cranium

has no

A

sinuses

552
Q

Postnatal Growth of Cranium

permit brain development

A

fibrous sutures

553
Q

Postnatal Growth of Cranium

fastest development

A

first two years

554
Q

Postnatal Growth of Cranium

sinuses begin growth

A

after teenage years???

Anatomy (22 decks)

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