Trunk Patterns

Question 1

Basic Design of Vertebrae

HAT

Answer 1

Trunk
Appendages
Head

Question 2

Design of Embryo
Trunk
Body Wall (somatic) Anatomy

Answer 2

Chordamesoderm
Nervous structures: neural crest and tube
Vessels
Somites
- Dermatome
- Sclerotome
-Myotome: epimere and hypomere

Question 3

Design of Embryo
Trunk
Body Cavity Anatomy

Answer 3

Coelom– balloon
Gut Tube
Resulting structures: parietal membrane, visceral membrane and mesentery (same ballon)

Question 4

Muscle Patterns of Body Wall
Epaxial
Hypaxial

Answer 4

Epaxial: superficial and deep
Hypaxial: 
- vental musculature
- lateral musculature: outermost muscle, external, middle, internal
-subvertebral musculature

Question 5

Body Wall Nerve and Vessel Patterns

VAN

Answer 5

Ventral Ramus –> hypaxial muscles and runs between internal and middle layer

Dorsal Ramus –> supplies epaxial muscles

Runs VAN

Question 6

Pattern applied to Thorax
Ventral
Lateral: outermost, external, middle, internal
Subveterbral

Answer 6

V: sternalis muscle
L: Outermost muscle: serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior
external: external intercostal muscle
middle: internal intercostal muscle
internal: innermost intercostal muscle, transversus thoracis, subcostal, and diaphragm
S: longus colli (upper) (absent in lower thorax)

Question 7

Abdominal Hypaxial Muscles
Ventral
Lateral: outermost, external, middle, internal
Subvertebral

Answer 7

V: Rectus Abdominis
L: outermost: external oblique muscle
external: external oblique muscle
Middle: Internal Oblique
Internal: Transversus abdominus and Quadratus
S: Psoas major and minor