Cardiovascular

Question 1

Components of Cardiovascular System

Answer 1

Blood/Lymph
Heart
Vessels
Lymphatics

Question 2

Blood– Hematolymphoid Complex

Answer 2

Plasma
Cells
Lymph

Question 3

(Blood cntd) What makes up plasma?

Answer 3

Water–transport medium
electrolytes and small molecules–all have roles ie ph buffer
plasma proteins– various roles ie clotting

(WEP)

Question 4

Cells of blood

Answer 4

Erythrocyte- 99% and tiny, concave, lost organelles and nucleus all to carry hemoglobin
Platelet (thrombocyte)-no nucleus either, flat convex disk. clot blood.
Leukocyte- wbc, that repairs

Question 5

Lymph

Answer 5

milk like fluid, contain wbc’s that bathes tissue.

Origin: from plasma from the blood, lymph is the plasma “left behind” as the rest returns through veins back to heart

Question 6

Structure and Histology of Heart Wall

Answer 6

Epicardium (includes Pericardium)- Mesothelium (simple s.e.) and C.T (adipose)
Myocardium- Muscle cells and C.T.
Endocardium- endocardiac endothelium and ct

Question 7

Chammmmmbers—Atria

Answer 7

R-Atrium– superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

L-Atrium– L&R pulmonary veins

Regions of the atria: Auricles

Question 8

Muscle Structure of Atrium

Answer 8

Pectinate Muscle
SA node (sinuatrial node) hits AV
AV node (atrioventricular node) hits the ventricles

(both located in R atrium)

Question 9

Ventricular Chambers

Answer 9

R Ventricle–pulmonary artery

L Ventricle–aorta

Question 10

Muscle Structure of Ventricles

Answer 10

Trabeculae carnae

Papillary muscle

Question 11

Arterial Outlet Heart Valves

–structure

Answer 11

Pulmonary and Aortic–three juxtaposed semilunar cusps

made up of: endocardic endothelium & subendothelial c.t.

Question 12

Diastole and Systole

What are contracted and what are relaxed

Answer 12

Diastole–ventricles are relaxed

Systole– ventricles are contracted

Question 13

Atrioventricular Valves

–structures

Answer 13

Tricuspid Valve
Bicuspid Valve
structures-- cusps--endocardiac endothelium, subendothelial c.t.
chordae tendinae
papilary muscle

Question 14

Fx of valves during diastole and systole:
arterial outlet valves
atrioventricular valves

(hint: think of arterial outlet valves first)

Answer 14

arterial outlet valves- dia-shut sys-open

atrioventricular valves- dia-open sys-shut

Question 15

Vessels (histology)

3 layer tube (tunica’s)

Answer 15

Tunica intima/interna: vascular endothelium and internal elastic membrane

Tunica media: nonstriated myocytes, elastic lamellae, external elastic membrane

tunica adventitia: dense irregular c.t.

Question 16

path to heart

Answer 16

coronary artery

Question 17

path to head

Answer 17

common carotid artery (for right side starts brachiocephalic and turn into r common carotid)

Question 18

path to upper appendage

Answer 18

subclavian - axillary - brachial - radial and ulnar arteries

Question 19

path to pelvis

Answer 19

common illiac artery

internal iliac artery

Question 20

path to lower appendage

Answer 20

common iliac - external iliac- femoral artery- popliteal artery - anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 21

drainage from heart

Answer 21

cardiac veins and coronary sinus

Question 22

lymph nodes

Answer 22

carry out highly specific immune responses

Question 23

Lymphatics
lymphatic vessels
R vs L duct

Answer 23

R duct- right upper limb and right neck
L duct- everywhere else

The both dumb into their own brachiocephalic vein