Cardiovascular Flashcards
Components of Cardiovascular System
Blood/Lymph
Heart
Vessels
Lymphatics
Blood– Hematolymphoid Complex
Plasma
Cells
Lymph
(Blood cntd) What makes up plasma?
Water–transport medium
electrolytes and small molecules–all have roles ie ph buffer
plasma proteins– various roles ie clotting
(WEP)
Cells of blood
Erythrocyte- 99% and tiny, concave, lost organelles and nucleus all to carry hemoglobin
Platelet (thrombocyte)-no nucleus either, flat convex disk. clot blood.
Leukocyte- wbc, that repairs
Lymph
milk like fluid, contain wbc’s that bathes tissue.
Origin: from plasma from the blood, lymph is the plasma “left behind” as the rest returns through veins back to heart
Structure and Histology of Heart Wall
Epicardium (includes Pericardium)- Mesothelium (simple s.e.) and C.T (adipose)
Myocardium- Muscle cells and C.T.
Endocardium- endocardiac endothelium and ct
Chammmmmbers—Atria
R-Atrium– superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus
L-Atrium– L&R pulmonary veins
Regions of the atria: Auricles
Muscle Structure of Atrium
Pectinate Muscle SA node (sinuatrial node) hits AV AV node (atrioventricular node) hits the ventricles
(both located in R atrium)
Ventricular Chambers
R Ventricle–pulmonary artery
L Ventricle–aorta
Muscle Structure of Ventricles
Trabeculae carnae
Papillary muscle
Arterial Outlet Heart Valves
–structure
Pulmonary and Aortic–three juxtaposed semilunar cusps
made up of: endocardic endothelium & subendothelial c.t.
Diastole and Systole
What are contracted and what are relaxed
Diastole–ventricles are relaxed
Systole– ventricles are contracted
Atrioventricular Valves
–structures
Tricuspid Valve Bicuspid Valve structures-- cusps--endocardiac endothelium, subendothelial c.t. chordae tendinae papilary muscle
Fx of valves during diastole and systole:
arterial outlet valves
atrioventricular valves
(hint: think of arterial outlet valves first)
arterial outlet valves- dia-shut sys-open
atrioventricular valves- dia-open sys-shut
Vessels (histology)
3 layer tube (tunica’s)
Tunica intima/interna: vascular endothelium and internal elastic membrane
Tunica media: nonstriated myocytes, elastic lamellae, external elastic membrane
tunica adventitia: dense irregular c.t.
path to heart
coronary artery
path to head
common carotid artery (for right side starts brachiocephalic and turn into r common carotid)
path to upper appendage
subclavian - axillary - brachial - radial and ulnar arteries
path to pelvis
common illiac artery
internal iliac artery
path to lower appendage
common iliac - external iliac- femoral artery- popliteal artery - anterior and posterior tibial arteries
drainage from heart
cardiac veins and coronary sinus
lymph nodes
carry out highly specific immune responses
Lymphatics
lymphatic vessels
R vs L duct
R duct- right upper limb and right neck
L duct- everywhere else
The both dumb into their own brachiocephalic vein
