Respitory

Question 1

Overview of Respiratory passages (really only for diagrams)

Answer 1

nasal cavity
oral cavity
hard palate 
soft palate
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
larynx (arytenoid, cricoid, thryoid cartilages)
trachea
bronchial tree
lungs (L & R)

Question 2

Structure of Respitory Passageways

Answer 2

Tunica Mucosa (like always) psuedostratified columnar ciliated
tela submucosa- loose c.t
Tunica fibromusculocartilaginea- smooth muscle, dense irregular c.t. and hyaline cartilage rings
Tunica Adventitia (like always)- loose to dense irregular connective tissue

Question 3

Glottis

Answer 3

Vocal Folds

• vocal ligament (connecting thyroid and arytenoid cartilage)
• rima glottidis (the slit)

Question 4

Sound Production

Answer 4

Key Points:

• arytenoid cartilage form synovial joints with cricoid = mobility
• arytenoid cartilage has skeletal muscle = voluntary control
• arytenoid cartilage attach to vocal fold and ligament
• when muscle contracts- vocal folds are adjusted (mass and tension)
• expiration from air vibrates fold = sound waves
• sound waves move up pharynx like a trumpet
• mouth, tongue, teeth manipulate the sound

Question 5

Bronchial Tree

Answer 5

PLS don’t smoke

Principal bronchus
Lobar bronchus
Segmental bronchus

Question 6

Small Respitory pathways

Answer 6

Bronchiole- terminal bronchiole- respitory bronchiole- alveolar duct- alveolar saccule- pulmonary alveolus

Question 7

structural changes throughout bronchial tree

tunica mucosa and tunica fibromusculocartilaginea

Answer 7

mucosa- psuedostratified columnar ciliation to simple columnar ciliated- simple columnar (no cilia)
tunica fibromusculocartilaginea- cartilage to less to no cartilage to allow diffusion

Question 8

Gas exchange

Answer 8

pulmonary arteries (co2 rich from heart)
pulmonary capillaries (exchange)
pulmonary venules (02 rich to heart)