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Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A

Spinal Cord

Brain

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2
Q

Peripheral NS

A

Spinal Nerves

Cranial Nerves

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3
Q

Two Major Peripheral Pathways

A

Somatic (body) and Visceral (viscera)

Viscera has sympathetic and parasympathetic

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4
Q

Nervous Tissues

A

Cells:
Neurons
Neuroglia Cells

FYI:
CNS- has cells and extracellular matrix
PNS- has cells and extracellular matrix and collagenous c.t.

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5
Q

Neurons

A 
Multipolar (the classic you think of)
 --efferent neuron or interneuron
Pseudounipolar Neuron ( cell body centered and atop a a connector)
 ---afferent neuron (general senses)
Bipolar Neuron
--- afferent (special senses)
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6
Q

Neuronal Function

ED comes with CP

A

It’s a electrochemical molecular movement.
Nerve Impulse = electrochemical current
this is what goes down:
EXCITABILITY has to occur which DEPOLARIZES the membrane (all this occurs in the axon)
CONDUCTIVITY occurs, which is the PROPAGATION of the membrane depolarization

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7
Q

3 kinds of neuronal circuits

Cats Dogs and Fish

A

Convergence
Divergence
Feedback Loop

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8
Q

Neuroglia Cells

Every Astro is Obligated to Micromanage Solar systems

A

Ependymal- epithelial cells that line ventricular cavities of CNS. fx: facilitate exchange between csf and neural tissue.
Astrocyte- two kinds: protoplasmic (many, thick processes) and fibrous (long, thin infrequent processes). fx: framework, external surface of capillaries
Oligiodendrocyte- rounde with few processes. Fx: processes form myelin sheath of neurons in CNS
Microglial- in both gray and white matter, near astrocytes. fx: involved in phagocytic activity in nervous tissue.
Schwann- oval cell of PNS, (from neural crest) form myelin sheaths that surround peripheral neurons.

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9
Q

Key Fxn Relations between Neurons and Neuroglia in PNS

A

PNS

  • Schwann and axons
  • -Neurolemma (non mylenating swahnn’s)
  • -Myelin Sheath (mylentating schwann cells)
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10
Q

Key Fxn Relations between Neurons and Neuroglia in CNS

A

CNS

    • Astrocytes and axons = Gray matter (non myelinated neurons)
    • Oligodendtrocytes and Axons = White matter (myelination process)
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11
Q

Fxn Signficance of Myelin Sheath

A

Structure: internodal segments and nodes of Ranvier

Saltatory conduction: jumping e-chemical depolarization

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12
Q

Receptor Organs

A

Receptors that translate stimilus ie light into neural message:

Mechano-
Thermo-
Chemo-
Photo-

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13
Q

Synapse

A

Synaptic Vesicles: hold neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters: chemical messenger
Receptors: receive neurotransmitter

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14
Q 
Nerve Structure ( just like muscle, if stuck just say the muscle version)
PEPsi FEels wrong
A 
Peripheral Nerve Fiber
Endoneurium
Perineurium
Fasciculus
Epineurium
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15
Q

Conglomerations of cell bodies (Ganglions)

There are two

A

Sensory Ganglion

Autonomic Ganglion

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16
Q

Vertebral Column Nerves

A 
8 Cervical 
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar 
5 Sacral
Coccyx
17
Q

White Communicating Rami

What are these?

A

only on T1-L2 nerves

Pathway for myelnited (white) preganglionic sympathetic axonssss

18
Q

Posterior and Anterior Ramus Pathways of Aerial View

Describe it

A

Posterior branch out

Anterior branch out and then around outer muscle layer

19
Q

Somatic Neuronal Pathway
***trace

ie touching something hot

A 
Easiest *
afferent -somatic sensory neuron
ventral ramus
spinal trunk
dorsal root 
dorsal root ganglion
dorsal root
dorsal rootlets
spinal cord
skeletal motor neuron (efferent)
ventral rootlets
ventral root
spinal trunk
ventral ramus
muscle to flinch
20
Q

Internuerons

A

can be used to integrate various neurons in response. They travel within spinal cord in gray matter to other neuron in spinal cord.

21
Q

Distribution of Visceral Branches of the Spinal Nerve
– autonomic pathways —
Sympathetic:

A

On the Ventral Ramus we have the Communicating Rami - white and gray
Sympathetic Trunk (which stands alone)
Sympathetic Splanchnic Nerves and Plexus come off the Sympathetic Trunk

In terms of Ganglia we have:

  • Sympathetic Trunk Ganglia
  • -Sympathetic Splanchnic nerve Ganglia:
22
Q

Autonomic Pathways to Coelomic Viscera
Sympathetic
**trace

A 
large intestine
visceral sensory neuron (afferent)
splanchnic nerve 
splanchnic nerve ganglion
splanchnic nerve
sympathetic trunk
sympathetic trunk ganglion
white ramus
ventral ramus
spinal trunk 
dorsal root 
dorsal root ganglion
dorsal root
dorsal rootlets
spinal cord
preganglionic motor (efferent neuron)
ventral rootlets
ventral root
spinal trunk
ventral ramus
white rami
sympathetic trunk ganglion
sympathetic splanchnic nerve
sympathetic splanchnic nerve ganglion
postganglion motor neuron (efferent)
sympathetic splanchnic nerve
viscera ---> norepinephrine
23
Q

Parasympathetic Neuronal Pathway from Sacral Origin

A 
viscera of large intestine
visceral sensory neuron (afferent)
parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerve
ventral ramus
spinal trunk
dorsal root
dorsal root ganglion
dorsal root 
dorsal rootlets
spinal cord
preganglionic neuron (mylenated)
ventral rootlets
ventral root
spinal trunk
ventral ramus
parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerve
postganglionic motor neuron (efferent) not mylenated
viscera --->acetylcholine
24
Q

Parasympathetic Neuronal Pathway from Cranial Origin

***trace

A 
viscera of stomach
cranial nerve
cranial nerve ganglion
cranial nerve
brainstem
preganglionic motor neuron (efferent) mylenated
cranial nerve
cranial nerve ganglion
cranial nerve
postganglionic motor neuron (efferent) non mylenated
viscera ---> acetylcholine
25
Q

Autonomic Pathways to Somatic Viscera
Sympathetic Neuronal Pathways
From lower limb
***trace

in white
out gray

A 
anterior popliteal artery
visceral sensory neuron (afferent)
ventral ramus
spinal trunk
dorsal root 
dorsal root ganglion
dorsal root
dorsal rootlets
spinal cord
interneuron up
spinal cord
preganglionic neuron (efferent)
ventral rootlet
ventral ramus
spinal trunk
ventral ramus
white communicating rami
sympathetic trunk ganglion
sympathetic trunk down
sympathetic trunk ganglion
postganglionic neuron (efferent)
gray communicating rami
ventral ramus
26
Q

Autonomic Pathways to Somatic Viscera
Sympathetic Neuronal Pathways
From upper limb

in white
out gray

A 
ulnar artery
visceral sensory neuron (afferent)
ventral ramus
spinal trunk
dorsal root
dorsal root ganglion
dorsal root
dorsal rootlets
spinal cord
preganglionic neuron efferent
ventral rootlets 
ventral root
spinal trunk
ventral ramus
white communicating rami
symp trunk ganglion
postganglionic neuron efferent
gray communicating rami
ventral ramus
viscera
prob: norepinephrine

Anatomy (24 decks)

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