Integuement

Question 1

If you had three shirts:

undershirt
shirt
sweater

What would be the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis

Answer 1

undershirt=hypodermis
shirt=dermis
sweater=epidermis

Question 2

Cutis is made up of what?

Answer 2

Dermis (dense irregular c.t.) and Epidermis (stratified squamous e.)

Question 3

Integument is made up of what two categories?

Answer 3

Cutis and Hypodermis (tela subcutanea)

Question 4

Fx’s of Integument (name 5)

Answer 4

Protection
Sensory Perception
Excretion
Thermoregulation
Water Balance
Fat Metabolism
Exchange surface with environment
Vit D production site
Sociosexual communication

Question 5

Stratum Basale (germinativum)

Answer 5

single layer of columnar to cuboidal cells that contacts the basal lamina. Mainly, epidermal stem cells that divide to form keratinocytes. They divide via mitosis. Melanocyte’s arms branch out and keratinocytes absorb the arms and the melanin covers the nucleus (UV protection). (Everyone has the same amount of melanin, but a white person’s is less active to a black persons)
fx: growth layer and involved in UV protection.

Question 6

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 6

Thick strata of many spinous keratinocytes that are beginning to flatten. desmasomes bind.
fx: strong cell membrane adhesion

Question 7

Stratum Granulosum

Answer 7

Flattened granular keratinocytes that excrete a lipidic extracellular substance
fx: waterproofing

Question 8

Stratum Lucidum

Answer 8

–only palms and soles– very much like corneum

Question 9

Stratum Corneum

Answer 9

Closely packed dead cells. Cells by this point, are thin and compact with polymerized keratin.
fx: protection form friction and abrasion (wear and tear)

Question 10

Dermis
What CT?
What Strata constitute the Dermis?

Answer 10

Dense Irregular CT
Stratum Papillare
Stratum Reticulare

Question 11

Stratum Papillare 
structure
fx
What is their main pattern?
What is their pattern at palms and soles?

Answer 11

Designed for more sa:
to increase blood flow for keratinocyte production
interlocking sa for locking layers
Irregular pattern
Regular ie fingerprints are tall papilla in rows of two that the epidermis drapes over

Question 12

Stratum Reticulare
structure
fx

Answer 12

dense regular c.t.

fx: Cleavage Lines (tears and stretch marks occur along these patterns).

Question 13

Hypodermis

Other names: Tela Subcutanea or Subcutaneous Tissue

Answer 13

Fatty Layer (Camper's fascia aka 
Fibrous Layer (Scarpa's Fascia)

Question 14

What developmental process allows for the appendages of the skin?
definition

Answer 14

Invagination: during development of epidermal epithelium, localized areas undergo rapid cell division. These areas push into the deeper layers of the skin as cords of cells. Eventually, due to attrition from central cells in the cord, the cords become hollow epithelial lined tubes pushing into dermis ie hair follicles

Question 15

Hair

Answer 15

Hair Follicle
Hair
Related Structures

Question 16

Hair Follicle

Structure

Answer 16

• the wall is s.squamous.e
• at base, dermal papilla for nutrition
• fyi, the epidermis stops at past trough of dermal papilla

Question 17

Hair

Structure

Answer 17

Medulla- core of tightly packed dead cells
Cortex- larger ring of dead cells
Cuticle- outer, largest ring
* fyi's, hair color due to melanocyte activity ie gray hair less melanocyte, all hairs in different cycle 
  - straight hair- round follicle
  - wavy hair - flat follicle
  - curly hair- round, twisted follicle
Hair Bulb-  living cells

Question 18

Related Structures with Hair
What structure accounts for goose bumps?
structure
fx

Answer 18

Arrector Pili Muscles

smooth muscle attached to follicle wall
fx: to angle follicle of hair when scared or cold (perhaps, left over response from evolution)

Question 19

Skin Glands

Answer 19

Sebaceous Holocrine
Eccrine Sudoriferous
Apocrine Sudoriferous

(SEA)

Question 20

Sebaceous Holocrine
structure
distribution
fx

Answer 20

loblular gland, simple cuboidal e.
everywhere except palms and feet
fx: moisturizer for dead cells

Question 21

Eccrine Sudoriferous

Answer 21

long skinny tube with coil, simple cuboidal e., that dumps on surface
everywhere
fx: sweat, thermoregulation

Question 22

Apocrine Sudoriferous

Answer 22

Narrow to wide tube with coil, simple cuboidal e., secrete into hair follicle.
in pubic, axillary area
fx: sweat and pheremones (sociosexual/thermoregulatory)