Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli, Veneto, and rest of Northern Italy Flashcards
What two rivers converge at the Alto Adige capitol city of Bolzano creating the y-shaped valley where the region’s famed vines are grown?
Adige (Etsch) and the Isarco (Eisach)
What mountain range protects the Alto Adige from cool northern winds?
Alps
What is the most planted red grape of Alto Adige?
Schiava
What proportion of production in the Alto Adige is controlled by Cooperatives?
2/3
What shift in regards to vine training method has resulted in elevated quality in Alto Adige?
The move away from Pergola to lower-yielding Guyot. However many of the old local varieties that survive are trained to Pergola.
What are the 3 DOCs of the Alto Adige (Bolzano/Bozen)?
Lago di Caldero DOC (Schiava)
Valdadige DOC
Alto Adige DOC
What are the 7 subregions of Alto Adige DOC?
Colli di Bolzano Meranese Santa Maddalena Terlano Valle Isarco Valle Venosta Lago di Caldero
What is the other name for Alto Adige DOC?
Südtirol DOC
What is the other name for Lago di Caldero DOC?
Kalterersee DOC
What is the minimum percentage of Schiava required for Lago di Caldero DOC?
min 85%
What are 3 cooperatives making quality wine in Alto Adige?
Cantine Terlano
San Michele Appiano
Cantina Tramin
What is the Alto Adige name for single vineyard?
Leiten
What is the minimum/maximum amount of Corvina for Amarone?
min 45% / max 95%
What are the grape requirements for Amarone?
45-95% Corvina
5-30% Rondinella
up to 50% Corvinone in place of Corvina
up to 15% of any red variety authorized in the province of Verona
What is Corvinone?
Red grape native to Veneto and once thought to be a mutation of Corvina. Both are distinctively different grapes and used for the production of Amarone, Bardolino, Recioto, Ripasso, and Valpolicella.
Amarone was first created as a result of a recioto scapata, or an escaped Recioto. What does this mean?
The original intention when this wine was first produced was to make a sweet wine. A barrel accidentally continued to ferment completely to dryness and thus the style was born.
Recioto della Amarone and Amarone are similar in style but what distinction makes them different?
Amarone must be fermented to dryness with a maximum RS of no more than 12g/L and min of 14% alcohol.
What is the max RS for Amarone?
Maximum 9g/L at 14% abv and up to 12g/L at 16% abv as stipulations permit leeway for alcohol levels at increments above 14% abv to balance the level of alcohol
What are the stipulations regarding the max RS level in Amarone in regards to abv?
Max 9g/L RS at 14% and up to a max of 12g/L as a result of the following
For every 0.10% increase in alcohol above 14% abv and below 16% abv, an additional 0.10g/L is permitted
For every 0.10% increase in alcohol above 16% abv an additional 0.15g/L is permitted
What is the maximum percentage of produce a producer is allowed to convert into Amarone production?
Max 65%; the remainder must be used for Valpolicella DOC and Valpolicella Ripasso DOC
What are the 5 subzones of the Classico area for Amarone Production from North to South?
Marano Fumane Negrar Sant'Ambrogio San Pietro in Cariano
What are the aging requirements for Amarone?
Normale:
min 2 years from January 1 of the year following harvest
Riserva:
min 4 years from January 1 of the year following harvest
For how long must grape be dried for the production of Amarone? What is the minimum natural potential abv following the drying process?
Grapes must be dried until at least December 1 of the harvest year and must be dried to achieve 14% natural potential alcohol
What happens on a molecular level during the drying process to contribute to richness in the final product of Amarone?
Acids metabolize and tannins polymerize contributing to the richness that Amarone is known for.
Traditionally why were the best grapes grown for Amarone production high on the hillsides?
Because they would be above the fog line which warded off the development of botrytis that is so common below it.
What is the traditional aging vessel for Amarone?
Botti is the traditional vessel though barrique seems to be more of a norm.
What are 5 top producers of Amarone?
Bertani Quintarelli Dal Forno Tommaso Bussola Roccolo Grassi
Aquileia DOC produces whites and reds from what two grapes respectively?
Whites from min 50% Friulano
Reds from min 50% Refosco
Colli Bolzano or Bozner Leiten wines are wines made from a min of what grape?
Min 85% Schiava/Vernatch
What is the DOC of Fausto Maculan?
Breganze DOC in the Veneto
What is the principal red grape of Carso (Carso-Kras) DOC?
Min 70% Terrano
What is the name of Collio DOC in Slovenia?
Goriška Brda
What is the full name of the Collio DOC?
Collio Goriziano DOC
What percentage of wine produced in the Collio DOC is white?
Around 85%
What are the principal red grapes of Collio DOC and what French region’s reds are these said to resemble in expression?
Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Cabernet Franc.
Said to resemble the light bodied, textured and sometimes vegetal expressions of the Loire Valley’s reds.
What is the famous soil type found in Collio DOC and Colli Orientali del Friuli DOC?
Flysch of Cormons clay/marl and sandstone
There are 12 white varietals that can be produced varietally in Collio DOC. What are they?
Chardonnay Friulano Malvazia Muller-Thurgau Picolit Pinot Bianco Pinot Grigio Ribolla Riesling Riesling Italico Sauvignon Gewurztraminer
What 4 red varietals may be produced varietally in the Collio DOC?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
Merlot
Pinot Nero
Wines labeled Collio Cabernet in Collio DOC may be a blend of any proportion of what three grapes?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
Carmenère
What are the aging requirements for both Collio Bianco and Collio Rosso Riserva respectively?
Collio Bianco Riserva:
Min 20 months from November 1 of Harvest Year
Collio Rosso Riserva:
Min 30 months from November 1 of the Harvest Year including min 6 months in wood
What are three top producers of Collio DOC wines?
Borgo del Tiglio Venica and Venica Villa Russiz Livio Felluga Mario Schiopetto
Which river creates the border between the Colli Orientali del Friuli DOC and Collio DOC?
Judrio River
What are the top 3 white grapes planted in both Collio DOC and Colli Orientali del Friuli DOC by volume?
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc
Pinot Grigio
What are the 5 subzones Friuli Colli Orientali DOC?
Cialla Ribolla Gialla di Rosazzo Pignolo di Rosazzo Schioppettino di Prepotto Refosco di Faedis
What are the grape requirements for Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG vs those for the Cialla subzone of thi DOCG?
Cialla is 100% Picolit
Standard DOCG is min 85% Picolit plus max 15% other Friulian white grapes except Gewurztraminer
What are the aging requirements for Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG Cialla normale vs riserva?
Normale: May not be sold until Sep 1 of the 2nd year following harvest (2 years)
Riserva: May not be sold until Nov 1 of the 4th year following harvest (4 years)
WHat are the permitted white and red grapes respectively for Friuli Colli Orientali DOC Cialla?
White: Any proportion of Verduzzo, Ribolla Gialla, and Picolit
Red: Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso and/or Schioppettino
What are the two dessert wine DOCGS of Friuli?
Ramandolo DOCG: 100% Verduzzo
Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG
What are the grape requirements for the Rosazzo subzone of Friuli Colli Orientali DOC vs Rosazzo DOCG?
Rosazzo subzone can be produced from Ribolla Gialla (Ribolla Gialla di Rosazzo) for white or Pignolo (Pignolo di Rosazzo) for red DOC
Rosazzo DOCG wine is produced exclusively as white wine and from the following grapes: Friulano/Tocai Bianco (min 50%), Sauvignon Blanc (20-30%), Pinot Bianco and/or Chardonnay (20-30%), and max 10% Ribolla
How is Prosecco Col Fondo produced and what is it said to emulate?
Col Fondo is produced by a secondary fermentation in bottle similar to Champagne. Unlike Champagne, the bottle is not disgorged and lees are present in the bottle giving it a cloudy appearance and sometimes funky on the nose.
Another departure in style of Col Fondo from Prosecco is that it is most often Frizzante in style, or slightly fizzy rather than full on sparkling or Spumante style.
If a Prosecco is Col Fondo in style what will be present on the label? Why is Col Fondo not typically listed on bottles?
“Rifermentazione in bottiglia”
Col Fondo is too similar to the trademark “Colfondo” by two wineries in the Veneto and thus not permitted on labels according to the Consorzio, though this is loosely regulated.
What is the name of a cantina sociale in Trentino-Alto Adige?
Kellereigenossenschaft
What is the largest catina sociale in Trentino-Alto Adige?
Cavit
What large cantina sociale in Emilia Romagna is responsible for the bulk of Lambrusco production?
Riunite
Which DOC is considered the white equivalent of red Bardolino? What are the principal grapes used in this blend?
Cortese/Bianca Fernanda
Friulano/Trebbianello
Trebbiano
Garganega
What is the color, style, and sweetness level produced in Rossese di Dolceacqua DOCG?
Dry, still, red produced from min 95% Rossese (Tibouren)