Hungary and the rest of Eastern Europe Flashcards
Wine made on the Anatolian Plateau is made where?
Turkey
Where is Massandra produced?
Crimea
What is Romania’s second-most planted red grape? What is the most-planted?
Babeasca Neagra; Merlot is the most-planted.
Wine made in the Baltic States would be wine made in what three countries?
Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia
In what regions of Hungary is the production of Bikavér permitted? What are the main grapes of this style?
Eger and Szekszard
Kékfrankos is the main grape and Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Kekoporto (Portugieser) are supplementary grapes.
What is the top appellation for Kekfrankos in Hungary?
Sopron
What is Kekfrankos/Blaufrankisch called in Serbia and the Czech Republic?
Frankovka
Wine produced around the city of Sofia would be produced in what country?
Bulgaria
Wine produced in the Thracian Plains would be produced where?
Bulgaria
What is the most planted red grape in Bulgaria? What red grape made it famous?
Merlot though the region was more known for its Cabernet Sauvignon previously.
What are the two PGI regions for wine in Bulgaria from north to south?
Danubian Plain IGP
Thracian Lowlands IGP
What is the major mountain range that separates the Danubian Plain and the Thracian Lowlands in Bulgaria?
The Balkan Mountains or the Stara Planina
What does “reserve” indicate on a bottle of Bulgarian PDO wine?
That the wine has been matured for at least 1 year prior to its release.
What are the two PDO quality levels in Bulgaria?
Wines with Guaranteed and Controlled Designation of Origin
Wines with Designation of Origin
What is the top PDO in Hungary for Cabernet Franc?
Villány PDO
From what region and grapes is the traditional sweet wine Cotnari produced?
Produced in the Moldova Hills of Romania
White wines are produced from Grasa, Francusa, Taimaioassa Romaneasca, Chardonnay, and Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Gris, and Muscat
The best sweet wines affected by noble rot are from Grasa
Where is it said that the oldest continuously cultivated viticulture site in the world is?
The Stari Grad plain on the island of Hvar in Croatia.
What is the highest level of wine quality in Croatia?
Vrhunsko Vino
What is Terran called in Slovenia?
Refošk
What is Croatia’s second-most planted grape that dominates the vineyards of Dalmatia?
Plavac Mali
What is the most important white grape of Croatia?
Graševina/Welschriesling
What is the Croatian synonym for Blaufrankisch?
Frankovka
What are the two languages spoken on Cyprus depending on what part of the island you’re on?
Turkish in the North
Greek in the South
What is Commandaria?
Legendary sweet and fortified wine from Cyprus grown on the southern slopes of the Troodos Mountains and produced from the indigenous grapes of Xynistri and Mavro having the distinction of the oldest named wine still in production.
What are the quality level designations for wine from the Czech Republic?
CHZO (PGI)
CHOP (PDO)
Wine produced in Bohemia and Moravia is produced where?
Czech Republic
What country uses the NM (normalized must weight) scale for measuring the amount of sugar in grape must?
Czech Republic
What are the grape requirements for Eger Bikaver?
Must be a blend of at least 4 grapes with Kekfrankos/Blaufranksich making up at least 30-50%.
Notable grapes that are permitted are Zweigelt, Cab Franc, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Merlot, Kadarka, and Caberent Sauvignon.
What is the top red and white grape respectively in Eger PDO?
Kekfrankos (Blaufrankisch)
Olaszrizling (Welschriesling)
In what countries would you find the grape Feteascā? What does the name of this grape translate to?
Romania and Ukraine; the name translates to ‘Young Girl’s Grape”
What is the synonym for Blaufrankisch in Bulgary?
Gamé
What is Gamza?
Bulgarian synonym for Hungarian Kadarka
What are the two most planted indigenous varieties in Georgia?
Rkatsiteli and Saperavi
What is the most important wine region in Georgia and home to 80% of the country’s production?
Kakheti
What is the principal red grape variety of Kakheti in Georgia?
Saperavi
What is the capitol of Georgia?
Tbilisi
Where would you find clay churi? What are these?
In Georgia, specifically in Imereti
This a synonym for Qvevri
What is the most-planted grape in Croatia?
Welschriesling; called Grasevina there.
What is the synonym for Gruner Veltliner in Hungary?
Zöldveltelini
What is harslevelu said to lend to a tokaji blend?
Perfume and hints of Linden honey
What is the percentage of wine produced of Hungary’s total output that is white?
70%
In what century did Tokaj Aszú emerge as an important wine style?
17th Century
What is the river Danube called in Hungary?
Duna
What are the three large regions of Hungary for wine production?
Transdanubia (west of the Danube/Duna)
The Great Plain (east of the Danube/Duna)
North Hungary/Northern Massif
What are the two main rivers that flow through Hungary? Which is adjacent to Tokaj?
Danube and the Tisza; the Tisza flows adjacent to Tokaj
Which country does Tokaj share a border with?
Slovakia
What is the most prized soil type of Tokaj?
Decayed lava volcanic soils
In what appellation would you find most plantings of Juhfark?
Somlo
Kekoporto is the same grape as?
Blauer Portuguieser
What is the Hungarian synonym for Welschriesling?
Olaszrizling
What is the synonym for Gewurztraminer in Hungary?
Tramini
What are two synonyms for Riesling in Hungary?
Rajnaj Rizling
Rheinriesling
What is the synonym for Pinot Gris in Hungary?
Szurkebarat
What are the Hungarian abbreviations for PDO and PGI respectively?
OEM for PDO; OFJ for PGI
Wines from Transdanubia are heavily influenced by the impacts of what three bodies of water?
Danube, Lake Balaton, and the Neusiedlersee in Austria
PGI/OFJ wines from Transdanubia would be bottled under what name?
PGI Dunántúl
What are the top two grapes grown on the northern banks of Lake Balaton?
Welschriesling and Pinot Gris
What are the top three grapes produced and the most prized style produced here?
Harslevelu, Welschriesling, Juhfark and Gewurztraminer in barrel aged mineral-rich style.
What are the top two red grapes on the south banks of Lake Balaton?
Pinot Noir and Merlot
Which PDO/OEM is affectively a continuation of Neusiedlersee-Hugelland (Austria) and is considered Hungary’s westernmost PDO/OEM?
Sopron PDO/OEM
What are the principal red grapes of Sopron?
Kékfrankos, Cabernet Sauvingon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Pinot Noir, and Syrah
What is the most prized red wine grape of Villany PDO/OEM? What other grapes flourish here?
Cabernet Franc; Kekfrankos, Merlot, Syrah and Zweigelt also thrive here
In what two appellations is Bikaver produced and what is this? Of the two which is considered lighter and why?
Szekszard PDO and Eger PDO;
Bikaver is a traditional Kekfrankos-based red blend often supplemented by Kadarka, Cab, Merlot, and Blauer Portugieser.
Szekszard is said to be generally lighter due to the higher proportion of Kadarka in the blend.
Which indigenous grape of Hungary has been frequently compared to Pinot Noir for its similar expressions?
Kadarka
What are the three quality levels for Egri Bikaver?
Classicus (6 months in oak)
Superior (12 months in oak including 6 months in bottle)
Grand Superior (16 months in oak including 6 months in bottle)
What are the two quality levels of Bikaver in Szekszard?
Regular and Premium
What is the warmest appellation in Hungary?
Pécs PDO/OEM
What are the 4 PDOs of the Northern Massif in Hungary?
Mátra PDO
Eger PDO
Bükk PDO
Tokaj PDO
What are the principal grapes of Mátra PDO?
Muscat
Olsaszrizling
Kiralyleanyka
What PGI covers the Great Plain/Duna area of Hungary?
Duna-Tisza IGP
What is “Imperial Tokay”?
Historical name used for wine produced on the vineyard properties of the Austrian Habsburg emperors in the Tokaj region of Hungary.
Typically the finest eszencia produced from 1867 to 1918 at the end of WWI and the collapse of the Austrio-Hungarian Empire was reserved for the Imperial Cellars for the Hapsburg Monarchy and called “Imperial Tokay”
These holdings were principally concentrated in the village of Tarcal, particularly the highly prized vineyard of Szarvas.
What are 3 First Growth Vineyards of Tokaj?
Szarvas
Betsek
Mezes Maly
Szt. Tamas
What is the name of the winery in Slovakia where Egon Muller produces wine?
Château Bela
In what country is the Molesti MIci winery? Why is it famous?
Moldova; contains the largest wine cellar in the world
What are the top 3 red grapes produced in the Sopron PDO?
Blaurfankisch
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
What is a Buschenschank?
These are wine taverns found in Sopron PDO and they are licensed to sell wine to the neighborhood.
Where is the Spern Steiner vineyard? What is it considered?
Sopron PDO; considered in the 1680s to be the finest vineyard site in Western Hungary/Sopron
What grapes produce the highest quality red wines in Villany PDO? What about the every day drinking reds?
Finest reds are typically Bordeaux blends particularly from Cab and Cab Franc and the everyday drinking reds are Blaufrankisch and Portugieser. Pinot Noir and Syrah are also made here but with less successful results when compared to BDX varietals.
Where is Keknelyu grown?
Very rare but revered white grape grown on the north shore of Lake Balafon in the Badacsony PDO
What PDO produces the best wines from and has the most plantings of Juhfark?
Somlo PDO; white grape that produces tart, white and age worthy wines.
The Hungarian grape Zeta is a crossing of what grapes? What was this grape formerly known as?
Furmint x Bouvier
Formerly known as Oremus
What resulted in many of the lands between the Danube and Tisza rivers being planted to vineyards?
The discovery that phylloxera could not survive in sandy soils.
What was Zsigmond Teleki’s contribution to Hungarian viticulture?
He bred the famous rootstock 5 BB Teleki that was perfectly suited to producing high quality wines in the desolate calcareous soils of Villany
What was Monimpex?
This was the Hungarian State Controlled wine trading company for exports following WWII prior to the late 1980s when free market and private enterprise was restored following the falling of the Iron Curtain.
What country does the Tokaj wine region border?
Slovakia
What is the Danube River called in Hungary?
Duna
What is the region in Hungary west of the Danube? What about immediately east?
West: Transdanubia aka Dunantul
East: The Great Plain
What are the top soils of the Great Plain of Hungary?
Sand and Loess
What are the soils like around Lake Balaton?
Basalt with clay and sandstone
Gamza in Bułgaria is known as what in Hungary?
Kadarka
In what region are you most likely to find wines from Kadarka in Hungary?
Szekszard PDO
What is Welschriesling called in Hungary?
Olaszrisling
What is Gruner-Veltliner called in Hungary?
Zoldveltelini
What are two synonyms for Riesling in Hungary?
Rajnaj Rizling and Rheinriesling
What is Szurkeberet?
Hungarian synonym for Pinot Gris
What are PDOs called in Hungary? IGPs?
PDOs are called OEMs
PGIs are called OFJs
What are the three bodies of water in Transdanubia/Dununtul that most significantly influence viticulture there?
Lake Balaton
Neusiedlersee
Duna/Danube River
The Csopak Kodex is an association formed to relegate the production of wines from what grape where?
Olaszrizling from the Balatonfured-Csopak PDO in Transdanubia.
What are the top four white grapes of Somlo PDO?
Juhfark
Traminer/Gewurztraminer
Olaszrizling/Welshriesling
Harslevelu
Who is considered the first to make traditional sparkling wine in the Tokaj region in 2002?
Vincel Garamvari at Chateau Vincent
What is the soil type of the top vineyard sites in Sopron PDO?
Schist
Neszmely PDO and More PDO are best known for what style of wines?
Crisp, white wines mostly from Olaszrizling and Sauvignon Blanc
What red grape performs the best in Villany PDO?
Cabernet Franc
What PDO of Hungary is home to Antinori’s Hungarian winery? What is the winery called?
Tolna PDO
Tuzko Estate
What Tuzko Estate’s (Antinori) top wine produced?
Flinstone Hill Cuvee
Who produces Flinstone Hill Cuvee and what are the grapes?
Antinori’s Tuzko Estate
70/30 Cab Franc/Merlot
What is the warmest PDO of Hungary?
Pecs PDO
What is the southernmost PDO in Hungary?
Villany PDO
What are 4 wine region PDOs of the Northern Massif of Hungary?
Matra PDO
Eger PDO
Tokaj PDO
Bukk PDO
How did Bikaver aka Bull’s Blood get its name?
It was during the 16th century when the Turks laid siege to the Ottomans at Eger. The Turks said the defenders of Eger were so fortified with red wine that it stained their beards leading the Turks to believe the Ottomans drank Bull’s Blood prior to the fight which ended in Turkish retreat.
Prior to phylloxera what was Egri Bikaver primarily based on?
Kadarka; but after phylloxera this grape struggled to graft to American rootstock and was supplanted by Blaufrankisch
What is the Great Plain called in Hungarian?
Afold
Wine produced from the vineyards between the Dune and Tisza Rivers qualifies for what PGI?
Duna-Tisza PGI
Eger is at the base of what mountains?
Bukk Mountains
What region is home to the Nagy-Eged Hill? What is the unique soil type of this vineyard?
Eger PDO; highest altitude site in Hungary and highest quality site in the region.
Not volcanic like all the other vineyard sites around it. Instead it is Triassic limestone and calcareous.
What are three wineries that produce from the Nagy-Eged Hill?
Kovacs-Nimrod
Grof Buttler Winery
St Andrea
What are the grape requirements for Egri Bikaver?
Must be a blend of at least 4 grapes including 30-50% Kekfrankos. No one grape may make up less than 5% or more than 50%
For how long must grapes be macerated for Egri Classicus Bikaver? Superior and Grand Superior?
Min 8 days for Classicus Bikaver; Min 14 days for Superior and Grand Superior
Which Bikaver requires more Kekfrankos and also requires the presence of Kadarka?
Szekszard PDO
Which mountain range is most influential on the Tokaj OEM?
Zemplen Mountains
The Zemplen Mountains are a defining geographical feature of what PDO/OEM?
Tokaj PDO/OEM
What is the main soil type of Szarvas near Tarcal?
Loess
Why do the best dry wines of Tokaj come from the higher altitude vineyards?
Because these tend to be cooler and drier so much less botrytis forms on grapes here.
What level of ripeness according to the German Oechsle scale are Tokaj Szamorodni closest to? What style of wine are these wines most comparable to in expression?
Similar to Auslese in level of ripeness; most similar in expression to Vin Jaune from the Jura as these are often matured under film-forming yeast similar to that found in Vin Jaune.
What was Szamorodni traditionally known as? What did this name mean?
Fobor; meant main wine
What is the min RS for Szamorodni Edes?
Min 45g/L but these wines are regularly 80-120g/L RS
How is Szamordoni wine aged?
Aged for a minimum 6 months in barrel but most are aged for 2-3 years. Often aged under film-forming yeast like Vin Jaune and shows an oxidative character.
What are the dry and sweet styles of Szamordoni known as respectively?
Szaraz (dry)
Edes (Sweet)
Is barrel aging for Tokaj wines labeled Késői szüretelésű bor aka “Late Harvest” or “Cuvee” mandatory?
No, these wines are not required by law to be mandatorily aged in barrel like Tokaj Aszu and Tokaj Szamorodni are.
What is the min RS for Tokaj Aszu?
Min 120g/L
What is the min RS for Tokaj Esszencia?
Min 450g/L
What is “muci” as it applies to Tokaj production?
Fermenting must that Aszu berries are added to and then fermented with for the creation of Tokaj Aszu.
What is the min RS for Tokaj Aszu / 3-5 Puttonyos? Aszueszencia? 6 Puttonyos? Eszencia?
Tokaji Aszú / 3-5 Puttonyos: Min 120g/L
Aszueszencia: Min 150g/L
6 Puttonyos: 180g/L
Eszencia: Min 450g/L
What is the min RS for Szamorodni Edes?
Min 45g/L
What is Tokaj Forditas?
Tokaj produced by refermenting wine or must poured on Tokaj Aszu paste (Marc) left after pressing sweet wines.
What is the max RS for Szamordoni Szaraz?
Max 9g/L
What is the min RS for Tokaj Forditas?
Min 45g/L
What is the Madi Kor or Circle of Mad as it applies to Tokaj production?
The Madi Kor or Circle of Mad is a growers’ association located in Tokaj committed to elevating the status and quality of the region’s wines by adhering to stricter quality standards for viticulture and winemaking that what the government suggests and championing top vineyard sites within the areas around the town of Mad.
What are three members of the Circle of Mad?
Kiralyudvar
Oremus
Royal Tokaj Co.
Istvan Szepsy
Hugh Johnson is most associated with what Tokaj estate?
Royal Tokaj Co.
The Hwang family that owns Domaine Huet also owns which Tokaj estate?
Kiralyudvar
In what country is the Dobrogea wine region located in?
Romania; it is said that viticulture started in Romania first here 4,000 years ago.
Which two mountain ranges most significantly influence the wine regions of Romania?
Transylvanian Alps and the Carpathian Mountains
What is a direct producer?
French Hybrid
What are the two most planted white grapes of Romania?
Feteasca Alba
Feteasca Regala
What is Welschriesling known as in Romania?
Riesling Italico; often called just Riesling in Romania
Tamaioasa Romaneasca is a local Romanian clone of what grape?
Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains
What are the top two red grapes planted in Romania?
Merlot is the most-planted and Cabernet Sauvignon is second-most
What is quickly becoming Romania’s flagship red indigenous grape?
Feteasca Neagra
What is Burgand Mare in Romania a synonym for?
Blaufrankisch
What is the PDO level of wine for Romania? What are the three supplemental classifications of this level?
Denumire de Origine Controlată / DOC
DOC-CMD: wines harvested at full maturity
DOC-CT: Late Harvest wines
DOC-CIB: Late Harvest/Botrytized sweet wines
What does DOC-CT indicate on a bottle of Romanian wine?
Late Harvest PDO wine
What does DOC-CIB indicate on a bottle of Romanian wine?
Late Harvest/Botrytized sweet PDO wineW
What does DOC-CMD indicate on a bottle of Romanian wine?
Fully mature grapes when ripe PDO wine
What is the PGI level of wine called in Romania?
Vin cu Indicație Geografica
What does “Vin de Vinoteca” indicate on a bottle of Romanian wine?
Wine has been aged for a minimum of 1 year in oak and 4 months in bottle.
What does “Rezerva” indicate on a bottle of Romanian wine?
Wine has been aged for a min 6 months in oak and 6 months in bottle
What is the oldest and most important PDO in regards to quality wine in the Transylvania wine region?
Tarnave DOC
The Moldovan Hills are on the eastern slopes of what mountains?
Carpathian Mountains
What is Romania’s northern-most and largest viticulture area?
Cotnari PDO
What grape is responsible for the famed sweet wines of Cotnari PDO?
Grasa
Bucharest is the capitol city of what country?
Romania
What grape is said to provide Frankinsence aromas to wines from Cotnari DOC?
Romaneasca
When blended, what is the min percentage of Grasa that must be present in Cotnari DOC?
min 30%
What is the most important DOC of the Dobrogea wine region?
Murfatlar DOC
Chateau Purcari “Negru de Purcari” is the most famous red wine produced from what country? What is the blend?
Moldova; Blend of mostly Cabernet Sauvignon, Saperavi, and Rara Neagra and aged for 18 months in French Barrique
What are three producers located in Bulgaria?
New Bloom
Castra Rubra (M. Rolland)
Terra Tangra
What is the Danube called in Bulgaria?
Dunav
What country borders the Struma Valley in Bulgary to the south?
Greece
Wine made by the Kartveli people is made in what country?
Georgia
What is Chacha as it applies to Georgia?
Georgian equivalent to marc or grappa
What is another name for qvevri in Western Georgia?
Churi
What is the defining difference between qvevri and tinajas or clay amphorae?
qvevri require everything to be added (stems, stalks, and grapes) and also the vessel is permanently buried underground.
What are two other white grapes in addition to Rkatsiteli grown in Georgia for quality wines?
Khikhvi
Kisi
What is the largest wine growing region in Georgia?
Kakheti
The vineyards of Kakheti lie at the foothills of what mountain range?
Caucasus Mountains
What two wine regions account for most of Georgia’s vineyard area?
Kakheti and Kartli
What are three wineries located in Georgia?
Tsinandali
Telavi Wine Cellar
Teliani Valley
Krasnodar Krai is the top wine producing region of what country?
Russia
