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KIN 338 > Trends in Physical Activity > Flashcards

Trends in Physical Activity Flashcards

1
Q

Physical Activity:

A

any body movement produced by the skeletal muscles and resulting in substantial increase over the resting energy expenditure (>1.5 metabolic equivalents METS)

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2
Q

FITT Principle:

A
  • frequency: number of sessions, bouts, days
  • intensity: METs (light, moderate, vigorous)
  • time
  • type: context or reason for the activity
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3
Q

MVPA:

A
  • moderate to vigorous physical activity

- PA that results in sweat and being out of breath

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4
Q

Exercise:

A
  • a subset of PA
  • planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movements
  • to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness
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5
Q

Why isn’t exercise often considered in children?

A

children play for fun

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6
Q

Sedentary behaviour:

A
  • any waking behaviour with low energy expenditure (< 1.5 METS)
  • involves a sitting or reclined posture
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7
Q

What are the 4 ways of measuring PA?

A
  • observation
  • self report
  • parental-proxy report
  • objective measures
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8
Q

What are the pros and cons of using observation to measure PA?

A
  • can be very accurate
  • very expensive
  • can’t measure children throughout the whole day
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9
Q

What are the pros and cons of self report?

A
  • easy to collect info
  • kids under 10 can’t do this
  • bias
  • hard for child to remember
  • unmotivated people
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10
Q

What are the pros and cons of parental-proxy report?

A
  • easy to collect info
  • bias
  • unmotivated people
  • social desirability bias (people want to look good)
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11
Q

What are the 2 objective measures most used?

A
  • accelerometers

- pedometers

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12
Q

What are the pros and cons of objective measures?

A
  • person doesn’t have to remember much

- ex. running up stairs, pedometers would not be able to tell it uses more energy

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13
Q

Infants:

A

less than 1 year

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14
Q

Toddlers:

A

1-2 years

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15
Q

Preschoolers:

A

3-4 years

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16
Q

Children:

A

5-11 years

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17
Q

Adolescents/youth:

A

12-17 years

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18
Q

Who is participACTION?

A
  • national non profit organization
  • help Canadians sit less and move more
  • partner with rec organizations, government, corporate sponsors
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19
Q

In the 5-17 year age range, PA is associated with:

A
  • higher fitness
  • motor competence
  • weight status
  • metabolic health
  • arterial characteristics
  • bone health
  • academic achievement
  • health-related quality of life
  • brain and mental health
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20
Q

What type of PA is most consistently linked to health?

A

MVPA

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21
Q

For brain health, PA in childhood and adolescence is associated with:

A
  • better cognition
  • brain function
  • mental health
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22
Q

How is PA in childhood and adolescence associated with better cognition?

A
  • thinking
  • learning
  • creativity
  • problem solving
  • attention
  • focus
  • concentration
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23
Q

How is PA in childhood and adolescence associated with brain function?

A
  • bigger brain in areas of memory, higher level thinking, emotion
  • BDNF: miracle gro for brain, helps brain grow, create new cells, make new connections
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24
Q

How is PA in childhood and adolescence associated with mental health?

A
  • decreased depression, anxiety
  • promotes positive emotions, self esteem, self concept, self worth
  • feel good chemicals released
  • lower stress
  • better resilience
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25
Q

According to the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines, PA recommendations for under 1 year:

A
  • physically active several time daily
  • interactive floor-based play (more is better)
  • not mobile yet = 30 minutes of tummy time spread throughout the day while awake
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26
Q

According to the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines, PA recommendations for 1-2 years:

A
  • at least 180 min
  • variety of PA at any intensity
  • includes energetic play
  • more is better
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27
Q

According to the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines, PA recommendations for 3-4 years:

A
  • at least 180 min.
  • variety of PA
  • at least 60 min. energetic play
  • more is better
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28
Q

According to the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines, PA recommendations for 5-17 years:

A
  • accumulation of at least 60 min/day of MVPA
  • involving a variety of aerobic activities
  • VPA and muscle and bone strengthening at least 3 days per week
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29
Q

60 min of MVPA = ____ steps/day

A

12,000

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30
Q

What % of 24 hours should sleep occupy?

A

40%

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31
Q

What % of 24 hours should sedentary time occupy?

A

40%

32
Q

What % of 24 hours should MVPA occupy?

A

< 5%

33
Q

What % of 24 hours should LPA occupy?

A

15%

34
Q

STEP guidelines for 5-17 years:

A
  • LPA
  • several hours
  • variety of structured and unstructured
35
Q

SLEEP guidelines for 5-17 years:

A
  • uninterrupted 9-11 hours (5-13 years)
  • 8-10 hours (16-17 years)
  • consistent bed and wake up times
36
Q

SIT guidelines for 5-17 years:

A
  • no more than 2 hours of recreational screen time

- limited sitting for extended periods

37
Q

Grade for overall PA:

A

D+

38
Q

The proportion of 5-17 year olds meeting their age specific benchmark for overall PA.

A
  • 35%
39
Q

The proportion of preschoolers (3-4 year olds) meeting their benchmark for overall PA:

A
  • 62%
40
Q

Overall weighed proportion of 3-17 year olds meeting their age specific benchmarks is ____% for overall PA.

A

39%

41
Q

Rank countries based on their overall PA.

A
  • Slovenia (A-)
  • New Zealand (B-)
  • Zimbabwe (C+)
  • Kenya, Mexico (C)
42
Q

Grade for sleep:

A

B+

43
Q

____ of 5-17 year olds meet sleep guidelines

A

3/4

44
Q

Describe the paradox of sleep hygiene recommendations and organized sport participation for children and youth.

A
  • travelling on busses

- late practice/competition times

45
Q

Grade for sedentary behaviour:

A

D

46
Q

___% of 5-17 year olds meet screen time guidelines.

A

45%

47
Q

Not all sedentary activities are…

A

bad or damaging to mental, social, or physical health

48
Q

What are the 4 types of PA?

A
  • sport participation
  • active transportation
  • active play
  • physical education
49
Q

Grade for active transportation:

A

D-

50
Q

___% typically use active modes of transportation to/from school.

A

21%

51
Q

___% use inactive modes to/from school.

A

63%

52
Q

___% use a combination of active and inactive modes to/from school.

A

16%

53
Q

Active transportation has ______ over the years.

A

remained relatively stable

54
Q

What factors affect active transportation?

A
  • boys tend to more than girls
  • tween years tend to have more
  • children that have more independent mobility tend to have more (parents let them go)
  • distance
55
Q

Grade for active play and leisure activities:

A

D

56
Q

The proportion of 5-11 year olds meeting the benchmark for active play and leisure activities:

A

20%

57
Q

The proportion of 11-15 year olds meeting the benchmark for active play and leisure activities:

A

37%

58
Q

Overall weighted proportion of 5-15 year olds meeting the benchmark is:

A

28%

59
Q

Grade for organized PA/sport participation:

A

B

60
Q

___ of children and youth participate in organized PA. This stat doesn’t take into account _____ or ______.

A
  • 3/4
  • consistency
  • frequency
61
Q

____% of 5-11 year olds spend at least 4 hours/week in organized PA.

A

19%

62
Q

For 5-11 year olds, ___ extra min/day of PA is spent in organized PA.

A

19

63
Q

For 12-17 year olds ___ min/day in organized/unorganized PA during leisure time.

A

29 min

64
Q

Grade for PE:

A

C-

65
Q

The proportion of K-8 students receiving at least 150 min of PE per week is:

A

33%

66
Q

The proportion of high school students taking PE:

A

67%

67
Q

Overall weighted proportion of K-12 students meeting their age-specific benchmarks for PE is:

A

43%

68
Q

DPA is based on the belief that..

A

students are better able to learn and that school communities provide supportive environments for students to develop habits needed for a healthy active lifestyle

69
Q

Schools have the responsibility of creating and nurturing a ____ environment for students that supports the development of lifelong habit of ____ _____ ____.

A
  • learning

- daily physical activity

70
Q

DPA should vary in ____ and ____ and take into account each student’s ____, consider ____ available within the school and the larger community, and allow for student ____.

A
  • form
  • intensity
  • ability
  • resources
  • choice
71
Q

DPA should be offered in as _____ a block of time as possible but can be offered in time _____ adding up to the minimum of ____ min per day.

A
  • large
  • segments
  • 30
72
Q

What are the 5 levels of the ecological model?

A
  • individual
  • interpersonal
  • organizational
  • community
  • public policy
73
Q

Give examples of the individual level of the ecological model.

A
  • knowledge
  • attitudes
  • skills
74
Q

Give examples of the interpersonal level of the ecological model.

A
  • family
  • friends
  • social networks
75
Q

Give examples of the organizational level of the ecological model.

A
  • organizations

- social institutions

76
Q

Give examples of the community level of the ecological model.

A

relationships among organizations

77
Q

Give examples of the public policy level of the ecological model.

A
  • national
  • state
  • local laws

KIN 338 (19 decks)

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