Trends in Physical Activity Flashcards
Physical Activity:
any body movement produced by the skeletal muscles and resulting in substantial increase over the resting energy expenditure (>1.5 metabolic equivalents METS)
FITT Principle:
- frequency: number of sessions, bouts, days
- intensity: METs (light, moderate, vigorous)
- time
- type: context or reason for the activity
MVPA:
- moderate to vigorous physical activity
- PA that results in sweat and being out of breath
Exercise:
- a subset of PA
- planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movements
- to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness
Why isn’t exercise often considered in children?
children play for fun
Sedentary behaviour:
- any waking behaviour with low energy expenditure (< 1.5 METS)
- involves a sitting or reclined posture
What are the 4 ways of measuring PA?
- observation
- self report
- parental-proxy report
- objective measures
What are the pros and cons of using observation to measure PA?
- can be very accurate
- very expensive
- can’t measure children throughout the whole day
What are the pros and cons of self report?
- easy to collect info
- kids under 10 can’t do this
- bias
- hard for child to remember
- unmotivated people
What are the pros and cons of parental-proxy report?
- easy to collect info
- bias
- unmotivated people
- social desirability bias (people want to look good)
What are the 2 objective measures most used?
- accelerometers
- pedometers
What are the pros and cons of objective measures?
- person doesn’t have to remember much
- ex. running up stairs, pedometers would not be able to tell it uses more energy
Infants:
less than 1 year
Toddlers:
1-2 years
Preschoolers:
3-4 years
Children:
5-11 years
Adolescents/youth:
12-17 years
Who is participACTION?
- national non profit organization
- help Canadians sit less and move more
- partner with rec organizations, government, corporate sponsors
In the 5-17 year age range, PA is associated with:
- higher fitness
- motor competence
- weight status
- metabolic health
- arterial characteristics
- bone health
- academic achievement
- health-related quality of life
- brain and mental health
What type of PA is most consistently linked to health?
MVPA
For brain health, PA in childhood and adolescence is associated with:
- better cognition
- brain function
- mental health
How is PA in childhood and adolescence associated with better cognition?
- thinking
- learning
- creativity
- problem solving
- attention
- focus
- concentration
How is PA in childhood and adolescence associated with brain function?
- bigger brain in areas of memory, higher level thinking, emotion
- BDNF: miracle gro for brain, helps brain grow, create new cells, make new connections
How is PA in childhood and adolescence associated with mental health?
- decreased depression, anxiety
- promotes positive emotions, self esteem, self concept, self worth
- feel good chemicals released
- lower stress
- better resilience
According to the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines, PA recommendations for under 1 year:
- physically active several time daily
- interactive floor-based play (more is better)
- not mobile yet = 30 minutes of tummy time spread throughout the day while awake
According to the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines, PA recommendations for 1-2 years:
- at least 180 min
- variety of PA at any intensity
- includes energetic play
- more is better
According to the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines, PA recommendations for 3-4 years:
- at least 180 min.
- variety of PA
- at least 60 min. energetic play
- more is better
According to the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines, PA recommendations for 5-17 years:
- accumulation of at least 60 min/day of MVPA
- involving a variety of aerobic activities
- VPA and muscle and bone strengthening at least 3 days per week
60 min of MVPA = ____ steps/day
12,000
What % of 24 hours should sleep occupy?
40%
What % of 24 hours should sedentary time occupy?
40%
What % of 24 hours should MVPA occupy?
< 5%
What % of 24 hours should LPA occupy?
15%
STEP guidelines for 5-17 years:
- LPA
- several hours
- variety of structured and unstructured
SLEEP guidelines for 5-17 years:
- uninterrupted 9-11 hours (5-13 years)
- 8-10 hours (16-17 years)
- consistent bed and wake up times
SIT guidelines for 5-17 years:
- no more than 2 hours of recreational screen time
- limited sitting for extended periods
Grade for overall PA:
D+
The proportion of 5-17 year olds meeting their age specific benchmark for overall PA.
- 35%
The proportion of preschoolers (3-4 year olds) meeting their benchmark for overall PA:
- 62%
Overall weighed proportion of 3-17 year olds meeting their age specific benchmarks is ____% for overall PA.
39%
Rank countries based on their overall PA.
- Slovenia (A-)
- New Zealand (B-)
- Zimbabwe (C+)
- Kenya, Mexico (C)
Grade for sleep:
B+
____ of 5-17 year olds meet sleep guidelines
3/4
Describe the paradox of sleep hygiene recommendations and organized sport participation for children and youth.
- travelling on busses
- late practice/competition times
Grade for sedentary behaviour:
D
___% of 5-17 year olds meet screen time guidelines.
45%
Not all sedentary activities are…
bad or damaging to mental, social, or physical health
What are the 4 types of PA?
- sport participation
- active transportation
- active play
- physical education
Grade for active transportation:
D-
___% typically use active modes of transportation to/from school.
21%
___% use inactive modes to/from school.
63%
___% use a combination of active and inactive modes to/from school.
16%
Active transportation has ______ over the years.
remained relatively stable
What factors affect active transportation?
- boys tend to more than girls
- tween years tend to have more
- children that have more independent mobility tend to have more (parents let them go)
- distance
Grade for active play and leisure activities:
D
The proportion of 5-11 year olds meeting the benchmark for active play and leisure activities:
20%
The proportion of 11-15 year olds meeting the benchmark for active play and leisure activities:
37%
Overall weighted proportion of 5-15 year olds meeting the benchmark is:
28%
Grade for organized PA/sport participation:
B
___ of children and youth participate in organized PA. This stat doesn’t take into account _____ or ______.
- 3/4
- consistency
- frequency
____% of 5-11 year olds spend at least 4 hours/week in organized PA.
19%
For 5-11 year olds, ___ extra min/day of PA is spent in organized PA.
19
For 12-17 year olds ___ min/day in organized/unorganized PA during leisure time.
29 min
Grade for PE:
C-
The proportion of K-8 students receiving at least 150 min of PE per week is:
33%
The proportion of high school students taking PE:
67%
Overall weighted proportion of K-12 students meeting their age-specific benchmarks for PE is:
43%
DPA is based on the belief that..
students are better able to learn and that school communities provide supportive environments for students to develop habits needed for a healthy active lifestyle
Schools have the responsibility of creating and nurturing a ____ environment for students that supports the development of lifelong habit of ____ _____ ____.
- learning
- daily physical activity
DPA should vary in ____ and ____ and take into account each student’s ____, consider ____ available within the school and the larger community, and allow for student ____.
- form
- intensity
- ability
- resources
- choice
DPA should be offered in as _____ a block of time as possible but can be offered in time _____ adding up to the minimum of ____ min per day.
- large
- segments
- 30
What are the 5 levels of the ecological model?
- individual
- interpersonal
- organizational
- community
- public policy
Give examples of the individual level of the ecological model.
- knowledge
- attitudes
- skills
Give examples of the interpersonal level of the ecological model.
- family
- friends
- social networks
Give examples of the organizational level of the ecological model.
- organizations
- social institutions
Give examples of the community level of the ecological model.
relationships among organizations
Give examples of the public policy level of the ecological model.
- national
- state
- local laws
