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KIN 338 > Active Play > Flashcards

Active Play Flashcards

1
Q

Play:

A

expressive activity motivated primarily by personal enjoyment

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2
Q

Play is a _____ part of childhood.

A

natural

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3
Q

Free play is:

A
  • freely chosen
  • self-directed
  • done for its own sake (means are valued more than the ends)
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4
Q

Adult directed play (does/does not) count as play.

A

does not

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5
Q

Play is the most important ____ of being a child.

A

work

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6
Q

Play can be ____ or _____

A

social or solitary

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7
Q

Children perceive 4 types of play:

A
  • movement focused activities
  • creative/imaginative activities
  • games and entertainment
  • social-relational activities
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8
Q

Examples of movement focused activities:

A
  • unorganized sports
  • rough and tumble
  • play fighting
  • chasing each other
  • outdoor adventure
  • playing on playground
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9
Q

Examples of creative/imaginative activities:

A
  • building legos
  • arts and crafts
  • make believe activities (mirrors adults)
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10
Q

Examples of games and entertainment activities:

A
  • board games
  • video games
  • amusement parks
  • listening to music
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11
Q

Examples of social-relational activities:

A

socializing with friends, family

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12
Q

___ is not considered play but can lead to play.

A

TV

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13
Q

Children see almost anything as an…

A

opportunity for play

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14
Q

Children will play…

A
  • almost anywhere

- not limited to adult-designated play areas

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15
Q

Children will play with…

A

almost anyone

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16
Q

Activities not classified as play are those that are…

A
  • boring
  • too serious
  • too passive
  • too frustrating
  • too obligating
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17
Q

5 basic competencies children can gain through play:

A
  • physicality
  • sociality
  • sensitivity
  • inventiveness
  • ambition
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18
Q

Physicality:

A
  • motor skills
  • fitness
  • movement awareness
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19
Q

Sociality:

A
  • social
  • relational
  • interpersonal skills (eg. cooperation)
  • emotional control
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20
Q

Sensitivity:

A
  • emotional receptivity
  • empathy
  • kindness
  • tenderness towards other living organisms/plants
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21
Q

Inventiveness:

A
  • creativity

- innovation

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22
Q

Ambition:

A
  • drive

- ability to utilize other 4 competencies to help overcome difficulties

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23
Q

Active play:

A

a form of gross motor or total body movement in which young children exert energy in a freely chosen, fun, and unstructured manner

24
Q

Examples of active play:

A
  • swimming
  • hide and seek
  • tag
  • grounder
  • active role play (fantasy)
25
Q

Children prefer to play _____.

A

outside

26
Q

Natural play spaces and elements offer ____ and ____ challenges.

A
  • physical

- cognitive

27
Q

_____ doesn’t matter for most kids.

A

weather

28
Q

Why are kids more active outdoors?

A
  • more space

- greater variety of activities

29
Q

Every additional hour spent outdoors was associated with ____ more minutes of daily MVPA, ____ more daily steps, and ____ fewer minutes of daily sedentary time.

A
  • 7
  • 762
  • 13
30
Q

Children are more physically active when _____ compared to ____.

A
  • with a friend

- alone

31
Q

Those who spend more time outdoors with friends engage in more _____.

A

MVPA

32
Q

What did the study for the parent involvement in play show?

A
  • sedentary options and play options
  • most physically active when parents participating
  • least physically active when alone
33
Q

Who is associated with ecological systems theory?

A

Urie Bronfenbrenner

34
Q

The ecological systems theory has ______ influences.

A

bi-directional

35
Q

Interactions between microsystem in ecological systems theory:

A

mesosystem

36
Q

Give an example of mesosystem in ecological systems theory.

A

continued participation can be because of parent encouragement and support and a good coach

37
Q

Exosystem examples in ecological systems theory:

A
  • whether the parents have flexible schedules

- whether the parents have strong social networks

38
Q

Macrosystem examples in ecological systems theory:

A
  • child fitness tax credit (subsidize sport participation fees)
  • a common vision
  • Active Alberta
39
Q

5 determinants of children’s independent active free play:

A
  • child characteristics
  • parental restrictions
  • neighbourhood and physical environment
  • societal changes
  • policy issues
40
Q

Child characteristics:

A
  • age (as you increase age, you’re more likely to be permitted)
  • competence (parental perception)
  • gender (usually boys more than girls)
41
Q

Parental restrictions:

A
  • safety concerns

- surveillance (carry a cell phone)

42
Q

Neighbourhood and physical environment:

A
  • fewer children to play with
  • accessibility and proximity of play areas
  • maintenance
  • differences in preferences for play spaces between parent and child
  • need for age appropriate play spaces
43
Q

Societal changes:

A
  • reduced sense of community
  • good parenting ideal
  • changing roles of parents
  • privatization of playtime and play spaces
44
Q

Policy issues:

A

need to give children a voice

45
Q

Most ____ levels to the child will have a greater influence.

A

proximal

46
Q

Interaction of levels:

A
  • protective parents might be transferred to child in that child is less likely to do risky play
  • if the neighbourhood is unsafe, it restricts the amount of space that the parent allows the child to play
47
Q

Correlates of reduced play in children (since 1950s):

A
  • increased anxiety and depression
  • increased suicide rates
  • increased narcissism
  • decreased empathy
  • decreased creative thinking
  • decreased internal locus of control and increased external locus of control
48
Q

Why is active free play declining?

A
  • increased focus on schooling
  • longer school days, shorter recess
  • increased academic homework
  • time of freedom –> resume building
  • decreased sense of community
  • increased irrational fears among parents
  • increased adult supervised organized sport
49
Q

The essence of free play is reflected in _____ and _____ activity by the child.

A
  • self-controlled

- self-directed

50
Q

Protection paradox:

A

We are so focused on trying to make sure our kids are healthy, safe and happy, that we are having the opposite effect

51
Q

We overprotect kids to keep them safe, but by doing so we set them up to be less _____ and more likely to…

A
  • resilient

- develop chronic diseases long term

52
Q

Majority of crimes against children and youth in Canada are committed by…

A

people the child knows

53
Q

Odds of a child luring kidnap by stranger is…

A

1 in 14 million

54
Q

Canadian children are 8 times more likely to die as a passenger in a vehicle than …

A

being struck by a vehicle when on foot or bike

55
Q

Holt et al. examined factors that influence children’s active free play. What did he find?

A
  • parent restrictions
  • safety concerns
  • changing social circumstances
  • erosion in sense of community
  • feeling of safety in numbers
56
Q

Intergenerational differences in free active play:

A
  • more technology
  • less imagination
  • few friends to play with
  • parents too busy working
57
Q

Children’s active play is influenced by these factors:

A
  • child
  • parent
  • neighbourhood
  • societal
  • policy

KIN 338 (19 decks)

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