Parents Flashcards
Parenting practices:
- what parents do to support their child’s PA
- goal directed and context specific behaviours
Parenting styles:
- how parents interact with their children and the emotional and relational climate that they create
- eg. responsiveness/nurturing, demandingness/control
Parenting practices include:
- buying equipment
- emotional support
- paying fees
- connectivity, good role model
Parent social support for PA includes:
- resources provided by parents that influence their PA
- emotional support (encouragement, praise, watching, talking)
- instrumental support (transportation, buying equipment, paying fees)
- co-participation in PA
ParticipACTION: according to students in grades 9-12, ____% have parents/step parents/guardians who support them in being physically active.
92%
ParticipACTION: according to students in grades 9-12, ____% have parents/step parents/guardians who encourage them to be physically active.
73%
___% of 18-32 year olds in Canada meet the adult PA guidelines (CHMS).
32%
Yao and Rhodes parent support study found that there was a moderate sized association between ….
general parent support for PA and child and youth PA
Yao and Rhodes parent support study found that _____ _____ had the strongest effect.
parent encouragement
Gender differences in parental modeling of PA:
- father-son PA was significantly higher than mother-son PA
- father-daughter PA was not significantly different than mother-daughter PA
Overall conclusion of parental modelling study:
there is small association between parent and child PA
Stearns et al. (2016) found that for every 1000 step increase in parents’ steps, children took an additional ____ steps.
260
Stearns et al. (2016) conclusion:
physically active parents tend to have physically active children
Physical activity self-efficacy:
- belief in the capacity to be physically active (task-self efficacy)
- belief in the capacity to be physically active despite existing barriers (barriers self-efficacy)
Social cognitive theory was developed by:
Albert Bandura
SCT 4 aspects of self-efficacy judgements:
- performance accomplishments
- vicarious experience
- social persuasion
- physiological and emotional states
SCT self-efficacy judgements become:
behaviour/performance
Describe the socialization model of child behaviour:
- environment, parent behaviour, child behaviour, parent cognition, child cognition all interact
- bidirectional influences
According to the Yao and Rhodes (2016) review, there were no significant differences in….
the association of parental modelling and support and child/youth PA across different ages
Demanding parenting styles:
- authoritarian
- authoritative
Un-demanding parenting styles:
- uninvoled
- permissive
Un-responsive parenting styles:
- authoritarian
- uninvolved
Responsive parenting styles:
- authoritative
- permissive
SDT =
self determination theory
SDT describes the importance of _____ _____, _____ and ______ for promoting PA in children.
- autonomy support
- structure
- involvement
3 components of supportive interactional style:
- autonomy-support
- structure
- involvement
Autonomy-support (supports _____):
- autonomy
- provision of choices and options and the reduction of pressure
Structure (supports _____):
- competence
- provision of appropriate feedback and the clarification of expectations to be derived from behaviour
Involvement (supports ____):
- relatedness
- individuals feel that others are genuinely interested in their health and well-being
4 types of hyper-parenting:
- helicopter parents
- little emperor parents
- tiger moms
- parents who practice concerted cultivation
Helicopter parents:
try to solve all of their child’s problems and protect them from all dangers
Little emperor parents:
strive to give their children all the material goods they crave
Tiger moms:
push for and accept nothing less than exceptional achievement from their children
Parents who practice concerted cultivation:
schedule their children into several extracurricular activities to provide them with an advance
Meaningful differences were observed when comparing ____ and ____ hyper-parenting groups, with no further difference when comparing ____ to ____ hyper-parenting groups.
- low and average
- average to high
Parent-initiated motivational climate consists of:
- mastery-oriented climate
- ego-oriented climate
Mastery-oriented climate includes:
- effort
- fun
- self-improvement
Ego-oriented climate includes:
- winning
- outcome
- normative success
Young athletes’ intrinsic motivation in swimming was strongly related to…
perceptions of the motivational climate that was created by their parents
Key points from Camilla Knight podcast:
- environment not parent
- organizations need to realize they set the tone that parents work within
- stress conversations between all parties
- problem parents are in the minority
Harwood and Knight (2015) proposed that sport parenting expertise is dependent on the degree to which …
parents demonstrate a range of competencies that increase their child’s success and positive outcomes
Postulate 1:
choose appropriate sport opportunities and provide the necessary types of social support for their children
Postulate 2:
understand and apply an authoritative or autonomy-supportive parenting style
Postulate 3:
manage the emotional demands of competition
Postulate 4:
foster and maintain healthy relationships with others in the youth sport environment (eg. coaches, other parents)
Postulate 5:
manage the organizational and developmental demands placed on them as stakeholders in youth sport
Postulate 6:
Adapt their involvement and support to different stages of their children’s athletic development and progressions
____-_____ parenting and parent ____ _____ are underlying features of exemplary parenting in female team sport.
- autonomy-supportive
- emotional intelligence
Car ride home: what you should do:
- take time to think
- de-emphasize performance outcomes/loses
- use questions in a supportive manner
- develop rules of the road
- ask yourself what values you are promoting with your questions, comments
- be positive and supportive
