Policy Flashcards
Give an example of when policy potentially restricts kids from participating in PA.
- not allowed to skateboard on sidewalks
- no bikes on sidewalks
- restrictions for playing in the streets
The formulation of public policy involves a process of…
making good decisions for the public good
Policies simply ____ our _____.
guide our actions
Policies can be:
- guidelines
- rules
- regulations
- laws
- principles
- directions
Policy says:
- what is to be done
- who is to do it
- how it is to be done
- for (or to) whom it is to be done
Why should we care about policy?
- decisions about distribution of resources and services
- costs of access are prohibitive
- opportunity is limited or restricted by regulations
- risk and severity of injury
- health is compromised
- a coordinated plan is lacking
3 types of interventions for population based health promotion model:
- downstream
- midstream
- upstream
Downstream intervention:
individual-level interventions
Specific activities of downstream intervention:
group and individual counselling
Midstream intervention:
population-level interventions that target defined populations
Specific activities of midstream interventions:
worksite disease prevention programs
Upstream intervention:
macro-level state and national public policy and environmental interventions
Specific activities of upstream interventions:
policies reducing access to unhealthy products
Intervention river analogy:
- downstream: treating people drowning in the river
- upstream: fixing a gate upstream that people are falling through
Upstream intervention for sodium intake:
reducing sodium content in canned foods
Downstream intervention for sodium intake:
one on one, telling one person to cut down sodium intake
HLS:
- Healthy Lifestyle
- health-oriented PA intervention program in Slovenia
- offered kids 2 optional additional hours of PA per week
SLOfit:
- obligatory school-based physical fitness measurements for all Slovenian primary and secondary schools
- Sport Educational Chart program
_____ children ranked top in the global matrix 2.0 and 3.0.
Slovenian
3 examples of policies related to children’s PA in Canada:
- tax credit
- national plan
- guidelines
CFTC =
children’s fitness tax credit
The government of Canada introduced CFTC in 2007 with the intent that…
it would offset the costs associated with participation in organized PA
Originally, CFTC allowed a taxpayer a ____ ______ tax credit (reduces the amount of _____ ____ a person pays) of up to $____ to register a child under ____ years of age in a eligible PA program. x15% rate at most, $___.
- non-refundable (need to pay a certain amount of tax to qualify)
- income tax
- $500
- 16 years of age
- $75
What happened in 2014 with CFTC?
- credit limit increased to $1000
- made refundable (can be claimed regardless of tax status)
- at most $150 back
Projected tax expenditures for CFTC:
$160 million
Actual tax expenditures for CFTC:
$90-110 million
Under-calculated effect of refundable and non-refundable CFTC:
- higher income families more likely to claim CFTC
- low income family might not have incentive (cost too much, too long of delay)
- might have greater wealth disparity by introducing CFTC
___% of Canadian parents believe the CFTC increased their child’s PA.
15%
Highest income quartile CFTC:
10%
Lowest income quartile CFTC:
40%
Based on a review of 4 independent studies, Spence concluded that:
- in none of the studies was the CFTC found to be accessible to all Canadian families (no demonstrated equity)
- the CFTC has demonstrated “limited to no effectiveness”
Goal for Active Canada 20/20:
- to increase the PA level of every person in Canada
- ultimate goal was to have national physical fitness plan
The Common Vision is guided by 5 independent principles that are foundational to increasing PA and reducing sedentary living, which include:
- physical literacy
- life course
- population approach
- evidence based and emergent focused and motivations
6 areas of focus for Common Vision:
- cultural norms
- spaces and places
- public engagement
- partnerships
- leadership and learning
- progress
Areas of convergence for Common Vision:
- adopting a life-course approach
- improving access
- equity and diversity
- supporting physical literacy
- encouraging play
- advocating for supportive community design
- improving volunteerism
- reporting on progress
4 outcomes from Common Vision:
- Canadian Sport Policy
- Framework for Recreation in Canada
- Active Canada 20/20
- Curbing Childhood Obesity
Canadian Sport Policy used:
PA through sport
Framework for Recreation in Canada used:
- active living
- inclusion and access
- connecting people and nature
- supportive environments
- recreation capacity
Active Canada 20/20 used:
complementary approaches
Curbing Childhood Obesity used:
supportive environments for healthy weights
A Common Vision goal:
to guide policies to increase PA and reduce sedentary behaviours among all Canadians
Cultural complications with A Common Vision:
- multi-cultural country
- Indigenous people across the country
- different cultural norms and practices
Why are the new 24 hour movement guidelines more effective?
- If we get the people that are doing nothing to doing some, we get more overall effect
- More palatable
- More effective if we can get people to do it
- sleep is not usually included
Why a 24 hour movement guideline?
- it is becoming clear that behaviours along the movement continuum (PA, sedentary behaviour, sleep) cluster and interact
- combined effects extend beyond the individual contributions of each behaviour
24 hour movement guideline ensures that we are not just…
moving for 30 mins.
______ is a leading country in the world for guidelines.
Canada
What is involved in the process of developing guidelines?
- systematic reviews
- consultations with groups that are impacted by guidelines (practitioners)
Adolopment:
other countries are copying/adopting our guidelines
The policy cycle 8 steps:
- values and beliefs
- problem or issue emerges
- knowledge development & research
- public awareness
- political engagement
- interest group activation
- public policy deliberation & adoption
- regulation, experience & revision
Sometimes evidence doesn’t matter:
- no evidence when tax credit was put in
- other factors influence these decisions that are more political
The policy cycle 5 steps:
- agenda setting
- policy formulation
- policy adoption
- policy implementation
- evaluation
Give an example of why values and beliefs are critical:
- early 1900s if you went to Dr. as a 30 year old and said you were stressed, you got prescribed to smoke
- no consequences known yet
- values and beliefs changed to anti-smoking after some time
Values and beliefs are more critical than _____.
evidence
Values and beliefs are different depending on…
who’s in power
Not much receptivity on governments being involved in ____.
PA
Potential policy impact/implications for autonomous vehicles:
- sedentary behaviour
- sleep
- policy where you can only get so close to buildings
- avoid busy streets
- age limits
- independent mobility?
- expense
- parking
Potential policy impact/implications for PA integrated into schools.
- every ___ min.
- school policy to have mandatory breaks
Active Canada 20/20 foundations:
- strategic investments
- evidence and knowledge exchange
- mobilization
Active Canada 20/20 areas of focus:
- targeted information and public education
- high quality, accessible programs and services
- policy development, change, and implementation
- community design
