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KIN 338 > Policy > Flashcards

Policy Flashcards

1
Q

Give an example of when policy potentially restricts kids from participating in PA.

A
  • not allowed to skateboard on sidewalks
  • no bikes on sidewalks
  • restrictions for playing in the streets
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2
Q

The formulation of public policy involves a process of…

A

making good decisions for the public good

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3
Q

Policies simply ____ our _____.

A

guide our actions

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4
Q

Policies can be:

A
  • guidelines
  • rules
  • regulations
  • laws
  • principles
  • directions
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5
Q

Policy says:

A
  • what is to be done
  • who is to do it
  • how it is to be done
  • for (or to) whom it is to be done
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6
Q

Why should we care about policy?

A
  • decisions about distribution of resources and services
  • costs of access are prohibitive
  • opportunity is limited or restricted by regulations
  • risk and severity of injury
  • health is compromised
  • a coordinated plan is lacking
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7
Q

3 types of interventions for population based health promotion model:

A
  • downstream
  • midstream
  • upstream
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8
Q

Downstream intervention:

A

individual-level interventions

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9
Q

Specific activities of downstream intervention:

A

group and individual counselling

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10
Q

Midstream intervention:

A

population-level interventions that target defined populations

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11
Q

Specific activities of midstream interventions:

A

worksite disease prevention programs

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12
Q

Upstream intervention:

A

macro-level state and national public policy and environmental interventions

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13
Q

Specific activities of upstream interventions:

A

policies reducing access to unhealthy products

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14
Q

Intervention river analogy:

A
  • downstream: treating people drowning in the river

- upstream: fixing a gate upstream that people are falling through

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15
Q

Upstream intervention for sodium intake:

A

reducing sodium content in canned foods

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16
Q

Downstream intervention for sodium intake:

A

one on one, telling one person to cut down sodium intake

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17
Q

HLS:

A
  • Healthy Lifestyle
  • health-oriented PA intervention program in Slovenia
  • offered kids 2 optional additional hours of PA per week
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18
Q

SLOfit:

A
  • obligatory school-based physical fitness measurements for all Slovenian primary and secondary schools
  • Sport Educational Chart program
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19
Q

_____ children ranked top in the global matrix 2.0 and 3.0.

A

Slovenian

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20
Q

3 examples of policies related to children’s PA in Canada:

A
  • tax credit
  • national plan
  • guidelines
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21
Q

CFTC =

A

children’s fitness tax credit

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22
Q

The government of Canada introduced CFTC in 2007 with the intent that…

A

it would offset the costs associated with participation in organized PA

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23
Q

Originally, CFTC allowed a taxpayer a ____ ______ tax credit (reduces the amount of _____ ____ a person pays) of up to $____ to register a child under ____ years of age in a eligible PA program. x15% rate at most, $___.

A
  • non-refundable (need to pay a certain amount of tax to qualify)
  • income tax
  • $500
  • 16 years of age
  • $75
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24
Q

What happened in 2014 with CFTC?

A
  • credit limit increased to $1000
  • made refundable (can be claimed regardless of tax status)
  • at most $150 back
25
Q

Projected tax expenditures for CFTC:

A

$160 million

26
Q

Actual tax expenditures for CFTC:

A

$90-110 million

27
Q

Under-calculated effect of refundable and non-refundable CFTC:

A
  • higher income families more likely to claim CFTC
  • low income family might not have incentive (cost too much, too long of delay)
  • might have greater wealth disparity by introducing CFTC
28
Q

___% of Canadian parents believe the CFTC increased their child’s PA.

A

15%

29
Q

Highest income quartile CFTC:

A

10%

30
Q

Lowest income quartile CFTC:

A

40%

31
Q

Based on a review of 4 independent studies, Spence concluded that:

A
  • in none of the studies was the CFTC found to be accessible to all Canadian families (no demonstrated equity)
  • the CFTC has demonstrated “limited to no effectiveness”
32
Q

Goal for Active Canada 20/20:

A
  • to increase the PA level of every person in Canada

- ultimate goal was to have national physical fitness plan

33
Q

The Common Vision is guided by 5 independent principles that are foundational to increasing PA and reducing sedentary living, which include:

A
  • physical literacy
  • life course
  • population approach
  • evidence based and emergent focused and motivations
34
Q

6 areas of focus for Common Vision:

A
  • cultural norms
  • spaces and places
  • public engagement
  • partnerships
  • leadership and learning
  • progress
35
Q

Areas of convergence for Common Vision:

A
  • adopting a life-course approach
  • improving access
  • equity and diversity
  • supporting physical literacy
  • encouraging play
  • advocating for supportive community design
  • improving volunteerism
  • reporting on progress
36
Q

4 outcomes from Common Vision:

A
  • Canadian Sport Policy
  • Framework for Recreation in Canada
  • Active Canada 20/20
  • Curbing Childhood Obesity
37
Q

Canadian Sport Policy used:

A

PA through sport

38
Q

Framework for Recreation in Canada used:

A
  • active living
  • inclusion and access
  • connecting people and nature
  • supportive environments
  • recreation capacity
39
Q

Active Canada 20/20 used:

A

complementary approaches

40
Q

Curbing Childhood Obesity used:

A

supportive environments for healthy weights

41
Q

A Common Vision goal:

A

to guide policies to increase PA and reduce sedentary behaviours among all Canadians

42
Q

Cultural complications with A Common Vision:

A
  • multi-cultural country
  • Indigenous people across the country
  • different cultural norms and practices
43
Q

Why are the new 24 hour movement guidelines more effective?

A
  • If we get the people that are doing nothing to doing some, we get more overall effect
  • More palatable
  • More effective if we can get people to do it
  • sleep is not usually included
44
Q

Why a 24 hour movement guideline?

A
  • it is becoming clear that behaviours along the movement continuum (PA, sedentary behaviour, sleep) cluster and interact
  • combined effects extend beyond the individual contributions of each behaviour
45
Q

24 hour movement guideline ensures that we are not just…

A

moving for 30 mins.

46
Q

______ is a leading country in the world for guidelines.

A

Canada

47
Q

What is involved in the process of developing guidelines?

A
  • systematic reviews

- consultations with groups that are impacted by guidelines (practitioners)

48
Q

Adolopment:

A

other countries are copying/adopting our guidelines

49
Q

The policy cycle 8 steps:

A
  • values and beliefs
  • problem or issue emerges
  • knowledge development & research
  • public awareness
  • political engagement
  • interest group activation
  • public policy deliberation & adoption
  • regulation, experience & revision
50
Q

Sometimes evidence doesn’t matter:

A
  • no evidence when tax credit was put in

- other factors influence these decisions that are more political

51
Q

The policy cycle 5 steps:

A
  • agenda setting
  • policy formulation
  • policy adoption
  • policy implementation
  • evaluation
52
Q

Give an example of why values and beliefs are critical:

A
  • early 1900s if you went to Dr. as a 30 year old and said you were stressed, you got prescribed to smoke
  • no consequences known yet
  • values and beliefs changed to anti-smoking after some time
53
Q

Values and beliefs are more critical than _____.

A

evidence

54
Q

Values and beliefs are different depending on…

A

who’s in power

55
Q

Not much receptivity on governments being involved in ____.

A

PA

56
Q

Potential policy impact/implications for autonomous vehicles:

A
  • sedentary behaviour
  • sleep
  • policy where you can only get so close to buildings
  • avoid busy streets
  • age limits
  • independent mobility?
  • expense
  • parking
57
Q

Potential policy impact/implications for PA integrated into schools.

A
  • every ___ min.

- school policy to have mandatory breaks

58
Q

Active Canada 20/20 foundations:

A
  • strategic investments
  • evidence and knowledge exchange
  • mobilization
59
Q

Active Canada 20/20 areas of focus:

A
  • targeted information and public education
  • high quality, accessible programs and services
  • policy development, change, and implementation
  • community design

KIN 338 (19 decks)

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