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KIN 338 > Active Playground Spaces > Flashcards

Active Playground Spaces Flashcards

1
Q

5 types of playing on a playground:

A
  • constructive
  • functional
  • fantasy
  • social
  • games with rules
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2
Q

Examples of constructive play:

A
  • sand castle

- forts

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3
Q

Examples of functional play:

A
  • monkey bars
  • swings
  • fire pole
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4
Q

Examples of fantasy play:

A
  • making up games based on animals
  • house
  • cops and robbers
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5
Q

Examples of social play:

A
  • cooperating
  • deciding what games to play
  • including people
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6
Q

Examples of games with rules:

A
  • war

- set rules that have consequences if broken

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7
Q

KFC playgrounds =

A

Kit, Fence, Carpet

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8
Q

KFC playgrounds:

A

adult designed standardized playscapes created without the involvement of children

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9
Q

Describe KFC playground design:

A
  • designed based on parental fear and desires
  • no input from children
  • doesn’t provide enough stimulation for play
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10
Q

KFC playground features:

A
  • kit of fixed play equipment
  • fence surrounding it
  • carpet of rubber surface
  • requires little supervision
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11
Q

Children enjoy playing with and using _____ ____.

A

natural elements

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12
Q

Contact may nature may…

A

be a human need

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13
Q

The way children understand and experience nature has changed radically -

A

Nature Deficit Disorder

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14
Q

According to the Bienenstock video, by using trees, tunnels, boulders, and ropes, children are establishing…

A
  • trust for the world

- more stimulation and exploration

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15
Q

According to the Bienenstock video, the problems with new playgrounds are:

A
  • immune

- social/behavioural issues

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16
Q

7 Cs link _____ conditions of outdoor play environments with what is known about the _____ of young children.

A
  • physical

- development

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17
Q

The 7 Cs should be used to …

A

inform the designing of play spces

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18
Q

7 Cs:

A
  • character
  • context
  • connectivity
  • change
  • chance
  • clarity
  • challenge
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19
Q

Character: 4 design types:

A
  • modular
  • organic
  • modern
  • re-use
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20
Q

Character:

A

overall feel and design of the outdoor play space

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21
Q

Modular character:

A

equipment dominates play area, leaving inadequate room for play

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22
Q

Organic character:

A
  • design highlights changing outdoor environment

- includes things children can manipulate

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23
Q

Modern character:

A

design highlights infrastructure and mechanism of landscape and building

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24
Q

Re-use character:

A

adaptation of space that was not originally intended for children

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25
Q

Context refers to …

A
  • the small world of the play space itself
  • the larger landscape that surrounds the centre
  • how they interact with each other
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26
Q

What questions are asked when looking at context?

A
  • area surrounding?
  • rooftop?
  • roads?
  • open?
  • type of neighbourhood
  • neighbours?
  • space?
  • micro-climate issues?
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27
Q

Context: more space allows for more…

A

gross motor activity such as running

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28
Q

Context: less space =

A

increased aggression or withdrawal

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29
Q

Context: microclimate issues:

A
  • too hot (not enough shade)
  • too cold (not enough sun)
  • too damp (not enough drainage or shelter)
  • too noisy or polluted (from traffic or industry)
30
Q

Connectivity refers to…

A

the physical, visual, and cognitive connectivity of the play space

31
Q

Connectivity helps children understand …

A

how they should move in different places

32
Q

Connectivity: Why should the outdoor places be linked to the inside play space?

A
  • convenience
  • increases use of outdoor space
  • contributes to interior atmosphere
33
Q

Different pathways should accommodate different forms of ______.

A

mobility

34
Q

Looped paths and subordinate paths provide opportunities to _____ the space a different _____ and for ____ _____ at intersections.

A
  • explore
  • speeds
  • decision making
35
Q

Without defined pathways, children…

A

retreat to the margins of the space

36
Q

Pathways can reduce…

A

chaotic tricycling

37
Q

Change refers to…

A
  • the range of differently sized spaces an equipment

- seasonal changes in plants, vegetation, water etc.

38
Q

What questions should we be asking when assessing change?

A
  • Offer changes in height, speed, direction of
    movement for children?
    • Offer changes in “potential group size” that can use equipment?
    • Does space offer children opportunity to change zones (e.g., water to sand to gravel to vegetation to climbing to swinging)?
    • Opportunity to watch vegetation change with the seasons?
39
Q

Chance refers to…

A
  • opportunities in the play space that allow the child to create, manipulate, and leave an impression on the play space
  • open-endedness/flexibility of space
40
Q

2 components of chance:

A
  • messy zones

- mystery

41
Q

Messy zones are places to:

A
  • dig
  • play with water
  • sand
  • loose parts provide opportunities to design (molding, shaping etc.)
42
Q

Mystery:

A
  • spontaneous exploration

- stepping stones, plant material

43
Q

Clarity refers to…

A

physical legibility and perceptual imageability of the play space

44
Q

Clarity: large play structures in the centre makes…

A
  • games like tag or imaginative play difficult

- interrupts the view of adults

45
Q

Clarity: play spaces should have _____ points clear to prevent accidents.

A

entry/exits

46
Q

Clarity: how does soundscape contribute?

A
  • hard surfaces, little vegetation, close to busy streets = louder = confusion and stress
  • soft materials, plants, and distance from traffic are quieter
47
Q

In clarity, we should ask if the different _____ are clear, such as…

A
  • zones
  • messy play
  • sand play
  • water play
  • tricycles
48
Q

In clarity, we should ask if there is ____ for adults and kids.

A

seating

49
Q

Challenge refers to…

A

the degree to which the play space provides sufficient/appropriate physical and cognitive challenges for children

50
Q

Challenge is the concept of …

A

risky play

51
Q

Lack of challenge leads to…

A

bullying

52
Q

We should challenge kids to take _____ without being _____.

A
  • risks

- hazardous

53
Q

Graduated challenges involving several levels of difficulty enables..

A

optimal level of difficulty

54
Q

What are the 3 dimensions in evaluating outdoor playground spaces?

A
  • play types/value
  • physical elements of a play space
  • environmental characteristics of a play space
55
Q

The play value can be derived or assessed by…

A

its ability to maximize a child’s developmental functions in 5 key areas

56
Q

What are the 5 key areas in play value?

A
  • environmental development
  • physiological (physical) development
  • creative development
  • educational development
  • social development
57
Q

Environmental development:

A
  • understand environment through manipulation of movable parts
  • variable landform
  • natural elements
58
Q

Physiological development:

A
  • physical fitness challenges
  • fine and gross motor
  • sensory elements
59
Q

Creative development:

A
  • enhanced by moving parts
  • textures, materials, heights, vegetation, varying landform
  • variety of spaces
60
Q

Educational development:

A

cognition developed through exploration of shapes, sizes, numbers, movements in multiple mediums

61
Q

Social development:

A
  • small scale and large scale interactions
  • small areas for retreat
  • large areas for team games, social re-enactment
62
Q

11 factors in physical elements of a play space:

A
  1. Range of fixed equipment
  2. Moveable equipment
  3. Varying sizes of equipment
  4. Vegetation/trees
  5. Landform (flat vs hilly)
  6. Loose materials
  7. Natural materials
  8. Water & Sand
  9. Physical boundaries (fences)
  10. Seating opportunities
  11. Range of surface materials
63
Q

Dimension 2 is:

A
  • description of the physical elements that actually exist within a play space
  • greater variety = greater play value
64
Q

Dimension 3 allows for…

A

the refinement of specific relationships between the physical elements and environmental significance

65
Q

5 questions for dimension 3:

A
  • enticing?
  • stimulating?
  • challenging?
  • educational?
  • appropriate for all ages?
66
Q

What do parents want?

A
  • shade
  • safety
  • independence
  • splashpads
  • cleanliness
  • surfaces
  • lighting
  • social opportunities
  • environmental/natural elements
67
Q

What do children want?

A
  • age appropriate equipment
  • places to play with friends
  • variety
  • no teenagers
68
Q

What do adolescents want?

A
  • casual open spaces
  • flexible uses
  • variety
  • range of youth-controlled social activities
69
Q

Playground spaces can be evaluated using:

A
  • the 7 C’s

- 3 “play value” dimensions

70
Q

____ playground spaces typically offer more “play value”.

A

natural

KIN 338 (19 decks)

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