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Parasitology > Trematode Parasites (31-32) > Flashcards

Trematode Parasites (31-32) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general trematode lifecycle?

A

2 IH
1 DH

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2
Q

What is the name for the lung fluke?

A

paragonimus kellicoti

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3
Q

Who is the definitive host for paragonimus kellicoti?

A

dogs, cats, people

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4
Q

What does paragonimus kellicoti cause in the host?

A

respiratory disease
- dyspnea, hemoptysis (bloody sputum)

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5
Q

How do you diagnose paragonimus kellicoti?

A

fecal examination

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6
Q

A dog comes into the clinic with difficulty breathing and bloody sputum. Upon fecal examination, he was diagnosed with paragonimus kellicoti. How did he acquire this illness?

A

ingestion of an intermediate host such as a crustacean

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7
Q

A fecal exam was performed, and eggs like these appeared. What is the parasite?

A

paragonimus kellicoti

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8
Q

What is Zoonotic Paragonimiasis?

A

Food-borne infection acquired from ingestion of raw freshwater crustaceans

adult worms live and reproduce in lungs; eggs are passed in feces and sputum

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9
Q

What is Zoonotic Paragonimiasis associated with?

A

inflammatory response to excretory/secretory (cysteine proteases) products of adult worms

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10
Q

An adult with a chronic cough and bloody sputum came into a doctor’s office, and the doctor’s first thought was pulmonary tuberculosis. However, a fecal exam revealed eggs 90 um x 50 um. What is likely the disease, and what caused it?

A

Zoonotic Paragonimiasis

paragonimus kellicoti

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11
Q

The [right/left] picture is paragonimus.

A

right

left is spirometra

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12
Q

An old cat presents with a cyst in the lung field. It has symptoms that indicates a possible pneumothorax. What likely caused this?

A

paragonimus kellicoti

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13
Q

What is hetrobilharzia americana? Which species is it typically associated with?

A

schistosome parasite enzootic in SE US

raccoons

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14
Q

How does hetrobilharzia americana infect the host?

A

cercariae penetrate the skin of the definitive host

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15
Q

Where does hetrobilharzia americana live in the host? How is it spread?

A

paired adult worms live in mesenteric vessels

granulomatous transport through the tissue to GI

eggs passed in feces

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of hetrobilharzia americana?

A

GI signs (remember has granulomatous transport through tissue to GI)

polyuria, polydipsia

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17
Q

A dog comes into the clinic vomiting with polydipsia. Bloodwork results determined normal liver enzymes, and a fecal exam with the top right picture (egg) was observed. How did the dog get this parasite?

A

cercariae released by a snail in the water penetrating the dog’s skin

(the parasite is hetrobilharzia americana)

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18
Q

What is the Salmon Poisoning Fluke?

A

nanophetus salmicola

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19
Q

What is the causative agent of zoonotic “Swimmer’s Itch”?

A

hetrobilharzia americana

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20
Q

Who are the definitive hosts for nanophyetus salmicola?

A

dogs, cats, fish-eating mammals

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21
Q

Who is the IH for nanophyetus salmicola?

A

oxytrema silicula (snail)
salmonid fish

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22
Q

How is nanophyetus salmicola acquired?

A

ingestion of metacercaria in kidneys, muscles, and fins of raw salmonid fish

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23
Q

What is the vector for salmon poisoning regarding nanophyetus salmicola?

A

neorickettsia helminthoeca

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24
Q

A dog had symptoms similar to canine parvovirus, lymphadenopathy, and hemorrhagic enteritis. A fecal examination was performed with eggs like this. What likely caused this?

A

nanophyetus salmicola

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25
Q

T/F: Nanophyetus salmicola is zoonotic

A

TRUE - causes mild GI illness from worm but no rickettsial disease in humans

sushi, sashimi, ceviche

26
Q

What is the liver poisoning fluke?

A

platynosomum fastosum

27
Q

Who is the definitive host for platynosomum fastosum?

A

felines (domestic, feral, wild) in bile ducts

28
Q

Who is the IH for platynosomum fastosum?

A

sublima cotona (pulmonate snail)
isopods (pill bugs)
lizards (geckos) may be paratenic host?

29
Q

How does platynosomum fastosum infect the host?

A

migrate up bile ducts
adult worms in bile ducts and gallbladder

30
Q

What are clinical signs of platynosomum fastosum, and how do you treat it?

A

vomiting, diarrhea, icterus in severe stages
praziquantel & FBZ

31
Q

A cat is icteric and has had diarrhea. Upon fecal examination, eggs 36 to 45 um x 20 to 30 um were present. How did the host become infected?

A

ingesting metacercia when cat ate a lizard (paratenic host)

(this parasite is platynosomum fastosum)

32
Q

What is the “raccoon” pancreatic fluke?

A

eurytrema procyonis

33
Q

Who are the DH for eurytrema procyonis? IH?

A

DH: felines, red & grey fox, raccoons

IH: mesodon thyroidus (terrestrial snail)
arthropod (grasshopper?)
possible paratenic host

34
Q

A raccoon presented with weight loss, vomiting, and pancreatitis. A fecal examination revealed these eggs. How did the host contract this, and what parasite is it?

A

ingestion of metacercaria from IH

eurytrema procyonis

35
Q

What is the basic lifecycle of alaria sp.?

A

basic trematode lifecycle
IHs: snail (1st), tadpole (2nd), snake (alt. 2nd)

36
Q

What is characteristic of mesocercaria stages regarding alaria sp.?

A

larval stage capable of being passed host to host

lactogenic transmission

37
Q

Alaria sp. have [high/low] pathogenicity in GI system

A

low

38
Q

What is the liver fluke called?

A

fasciola hepatica

39
Q

Who are the DHs for fasciola hepatica?

A

cattle, sheep, & goats

40
Q

How is fasciola hepatica acquired in the definitive host?

A

ingestion of metacercaria encysted on vegetation

41
Q

What are the clinical signs of fasciola hepatica associated pathology?

A

anemia, hypoproteinemia, bottle jaw, progressive weakness, loss of condition

42
Q

A goat presented with anemia & hypoproteinemia with signs of bottle jaw. A fecal examination revealed these eggs. What parasite is this?

A

fasciola hepatica

43
Q

A sheep necropsy revealed fibrosis of liver tissues and hypertrophy of bile ducts and while alive, had symptoms of anemia and loss of condition. Fecal results were also examined. How did the host acquire this disease?

A

ingestion of metacercaria encysted on vegetation

(this parasite is fasciola hepatica)

44
Q

What is the distribution of fascioliasis based on?

A
45
Q

Herd-level outbreaks often associated with “drought conditions” are associated with what parasite?

A

fasciola hepatica

46
Q

What is the deer liver fluke?

A

fascioloides magna

47
Q

Who is the DH for the deer liver fluke?

A

white-tailed deer

(fascioloides magna)

48
Q

What is the pathogenesis of fascioloides magna?

A

adult worms communicate with bile ducts in deer

49
Q

A horse (i.e. ungulate) liver was condemned at slaughter. There was significant tissue destruction and liver cirrhosis. What parasite likely caused this?

A

fascioloides magna

50
Q

What is the rumen fluke?

A

paramphistomum sp.

51
Q

Who are the DHs for paramphistomum sp.?

A

cattle, sheep, and goats

52
Q

How do ruminants acquire paramphistomum sp.?

A

ingestion of metacercaria encysted on vegetation

53
Q

Regarding paramphistomum sp., where is it pathogenic and what stage?

A

duodenum and ileum
immature

54
Q

What are clinical signs of paramphistomum sp.?

A

plug feeders, necrosis, hemorrhagic inflammatory disease, hypoproteinaemia, diarrhea, dehydration

55
Q

What drug is NOT effective for paramphistomum sp.?

A

established flukecidal drugs

56
Q

A cow was diagnosed with paramphistomum sp. with this fecal examination. Where does this parasite infect the host?

A

immature stages in duodenum and ileum - pathogenic

57
Q

What is the lancet liver fluke?

A

dicrocoelium dendriticum

58
Q

Who are the DHs for dicrocoelium dendriticum? Where in the DH?

A

cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, wild ungulates, rodents, rabbits, rarely humans

bile ducts

59
Q

Who are IH for dicrocoelium dendriticum?

A

many species of terrestrial snail
ants

60
Q

What is the lifecycle of dicrocoelium dendriticum?

A

snail ingests miracida —> hatches from egg —> asexual replication in snail —> emerge in slime ball

then ingested by ant —> infect brain —> remain attached to vegetation

DH ingests vegetation

61
Q

In dicrocoelium dendriticum, metacercaria invade _______

A

the entire biliary system within hours of ingestion

62
Q

A rabbit with these fecal eggs was diagnosed with dicrocoelium dendriticum. How did it become infected?

A

snail ingests miracida —> hatches from egg —> asexual replication in snail —> emerge in slime ball

then ingested by ant —> infect brain —> remain attached to vegetation

DH (in this case, a rabbit) ingests vegetation

Parasitology (31 decks)

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