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Parasitology > Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasites of Swine (13) > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasites of Swine (13) Flashcards

1
Q

Parasitism in swine production is impacted by raising animals in ________

A

solitary confinement

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2
Q

What is ascaris suum?

A

swine roundworm
large worms living in the small intestine of swine

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3
Q

What is the morphology of ascaris suum?

A

sexual dimorphic
oral opening with 3 prominent lips
also has a world-wide distribution

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4
Q

What is the basic lifecycle biology of ascaris suum?

A

direct life cycle
adults live in small intestine

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5
Q

The eggs for ascaris suum are passed in _____

A

feces

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6
Q

Where do the infective larvae develop for ascaris suum?

A

infective larvae develop in egg ~28 days with optimal temperature/humidity

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7
Q

How is a susceptible host infected with ascaris suum?

A

infected by ingestion of larvated egg
tracheal migration to lungs via hepatic blood supply

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8
Q

How do you diagnose ascaris suum?

A

fecal flotation

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9
Q

What is the clinical significance of ascaris suum?

A

stunted growth and poor feed efficiency in piglets
grower/finishers put on contaminated pastures
pneumonia/respiratory distress from tracheal migration through the lungs
liver condemnation from granulomatous “milk spots” at slaughter

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10
Q

T/F: Ascaris suum can infect piglets by vertical transmission

A

TRUE - piglets infected by ingestion of eggs adherent to sow’s teat while nursing
no lactogenic transmission

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11
Q

How do you treat adult pigs infected with ascaris suum? How do you prevent it?

A

treatment
fendbendazole
pyrantel - 24 hr withdrawal time
hygiene to provide clean nursing environment
slat floors for confined grooves

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12
Q

What is the zoonotic significance of ascaris suum?

A

human ascaris morphologically indistinguishable from swine ascaris
case reports visceral larval migrans

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13
Q

What is trichuris suis?

A

swine whipworm

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14
Q

What is the morphology of trichuris suis?

A

medium-sized worms living in the caecum and large intestine of swine
sexually dimorphic
stout body with whip-like esophagus
cosmopolitan distribution

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15
Q

What is the basic life cycle biology of trichuris suis?

A

direct life cycle
adults live in caecum and large intestine
eggs passed in feces

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16
Q

How is susceptible shot ingested with trichuris suis?

A

infected by ingestion of the larvated egg

17
Q

How do the larvae develop in trichuris suis?

A

beneath epithelium in small intestine before moving to caecum and large intestine

18
Q

How do you diagnose trichuris suis?

A

fecale flottino

19
Q

What is the clinical significance of trichuris suis?

A

stunted growth and poor feed efficiency in piglets
adult worms attachment to large intestine induce inflammatory response
grower/finishers put on contaminated pastures

20
Q

What is the zoonotic significance of trichuris suis?

A

human trichuris morphologically indistinguishable
close molecular relationship
no evidence that transmissibility of parasite results in human disease
“hygiene hypothesis” - microbes/parasites and humans co-evolved to keep immunity in check
down-regulation of inflammatory and immune mechanisms influential in the disorder

21
Q

What is the swine nodular worm?

A

oesophagostomum dentatum

22
Q

What is the morphological characteristics of oesophagostomum dentatum?

A

typical strongyle morphology (buccal capsule with leaf crown)
cosmopolitan distrubtion

23
Q

What is the lifecycle of oesophagostomum dentatum?

A

direct life cycle
adults live in large intestine
eggs passed in feces

24
Q

In oesophagostomum dentatum, the susceptible host is infected by ingestion of the ____ larval stage

A

L3
larvae penetrate the intestinal wall, develop, then return to lumen as sub mature adult worms (L4)
become adult worms then reproduce

25
Q

What is the clinical significance of oesophagostomum dentatum?

A

stunted growth and poor feed efficiency in piglets
grower/finishers put on contaminated pastures
economic losses for condemned intestine used for “sausage casings”

26
Q

How do you diagnose oesophagostomum dentatum?

A

fecal flotation
thin-shelled morula
uninfective when passed in feces

27
Q

What is the zoonotic significance of oesophagostomum dentatum?

A

not known to be of zoonotic significance

28
Q

What is the swine kidney worm?

A

stephanurus dentatus
strongyle-type worms living around the kidney and ureters

29
Q

What is the morphology of stephanurus dentatus?

A

sexually dimorphic
typical strongyle morphology with well-defined buccal capsule
cosmopolitan distribution

30
Q

What is the basic lifecycle of stephanurus dentatus?

A

direct life cycle
adults live in ureters
eggs passed in urine

31
Q

For stephanurus dentatus, eggs are passed in [feces/urine]

A

urine - because kidney parasite

32
Q

How is the susceptible host infected by stephanurus dentatus?

A

ingestion of L3 larval stage
skin penetration, ingestion, ingestion of earthworm
larvae penetrate stomach wall, enter hepatic blood supply

33
Q

What is the clinical significance of stephanurus dentatus?

A

pathology associated with extensive and destructive migration
liver cirrhosis
typically a herd-wide health issue with overall “lack of growth”
condemnation at slaughter

34
Q

How do you diagnose stephanurus dentatus?

A

identification of eggs in “clean catch” urine sample if adults are present
thin-shelled morula; uninfective when passed in urine
more often diagnosed at necropsy

35
Q

What is the zoonotic significance of stephanurus dentatus?

A

not known to be of zoonotic significance?
occasionally found in situ with commercial meat cuts, pork loin, etc

36
Q

What is strongyloides ransomi?

A

swine threadworm
small adults in small intestine
everything about strongyloids apply here

37
Q

What is trichinella sp.?

A

associated with pig meat

38
Q

What is the zoonotic significance of trichinella sp.?

A

zoonotic disease of humans
normally ingestion of pork from infected domestic swine
have had a decrease in risk

39
Q

How do you treat and prevent parasitisms in swine production?

A

attention to hygiene - pigs raised in confinement, slat floor system for removal of feces
segregate by age group
wife selection of cost-effective anthelmintic choices

Parasitology (31 decks)

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