Stomach & Esophageal Worms (6) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the morphology of ollulanus tricuspis?

A

small minute worms

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2
Q

What is the name for feline stomach worm?

A

ollanus tricuspis

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3
Q

What is the biology of ollulanus tricuspis?

A

direct life cycle
ovoviviparous (eggs develop and hatch larvae within the female worm)
larvae develop to infective stage in stomach

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4
Q

How is ollulanus tricuspis transmitted?

A

by vomiting infective larvae then to
ingestion by susceptible host

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5
Q

T/F: Ollulanus tricuspis only occurs in cats

A

FALSE - may be seen in dogs

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6
Q

What is the clinical importance of ollulanus tricuspis?

A

associated with chronic gastritis in infected felines

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7
Q

Ollulanus tricuspis induces vomiting within _____ to _____ following ingestion

A

minutes to hours

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8
Q

For ollulanus tricuspis, _______ allows for accumulation of significant worm burdens

A

autoinfection

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9
Q

How do you diagnose ollulanus tricuspis?

A

ID worms in vomit

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10
Q

What is the treatment for ollulanus tricuspis?

A

FBZ (panacure) 50 mg/kg PO, SID, x3 demonstrated efficacy

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11
Q

What is the prevention for ollulanus tricuspis?

A

identify, segregate, and treat infected animals in household
clean vomitus promptly

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12
Q

What is the canine stomach worm?

A

physaloptera sp.

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13
Q

What is the morphology for physaloptera?

A

stout, pinkish worms
13-48 mm
superficially resemble ascarids
have 2 lips instead of 3
circular ring around anterior end

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14
Q

Where do physaloptera occur?

A

occur in anterior portion of duodenum near gastric valve

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15
Q

What is the lifecycle type for physaloptera?

A

obligate indirect lifecycle - 1st one, besides tapeworm, we have seen

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16
Q

What does physaloptera use to reproduce?

A

crickets, cockroaches, other orthopteran species
mice & frogs as paratenic hosts

17
Q

For physaloptera, _____ and ______ are used as paratenic hosts

A

mice
frogs

18
Q

Physaloptera have a pre-patent period of ____ to ____ days

A

56 to 83

19
Q

For physaloptera, eggs passed in ____ are ingested by suitable intermediate hosts and develop to _____ stages

A

feces
infective

20
Q

What is the clinical importance for physaloptera?

A

symptomatic animals with chronic gastritis, vomiting, dysorexia, dark feces (bleeding lesions, ulcers in gastric mucosa)

21
Q

For physaloptera, [mature/immature] worms are in the vomitus of puppies & kittens

A

immature

22
Q

How do you diagnose physaloptera?

A

symptomatic: identified by gastroscopy
asymptomatic: by fecal examination (way different than toxocara eggs) - thick, shelled LARVATED eggs

23
Q

What is prevention for physaloptera?

A

cats: pyrantel, IVM
dogs: FBZ, pyrantel, IVM

24
Q

All regimens for physaloptera are ______

A

extra-label indications

25
Q

The only way to keep physaloptera animals from getting it again is to _____

A

prevent them from eating the paratenic hosts like crickets, frogs, etc

26
Q

What is the canine esophageal worm?

A

spirocera lupi

27
Q

What is the morphology for spirocera lupi?

A

coiled, pinkish worms, 30 to 80 mm in length
superficially resemble ascarids w/ 3 lips

28
Q

Where do spirocerca lupi occur?

A

occur in fibrous nodules in the esophagus, stomach, and aorta

29
Q

What is the lifecycle of spirocerca lupi?

A

obligate indirect lifecycle

30
Q

What is the primary intermediate host for spirocerca lupi? Paratenic?

A

coprophagous beetles
paratenic: mice, frogs, lizards

31
Q

The pre-patent period is ___ to ____ months for spirocerca lupi

A

5 to 6 (longest one we’ve discussed so far)

32
Q

For spirocerca lupi, eggs are passed in ____ and are ingested by suitable IH to ______ stage

A

feces
infective

33
Q

What is the clinical significance for spirocerca lupi?

A

significant distribution in Caribbean West Indies
enzootic on St. Kitts
occasionally seen in wild vanidad (coyotes)
ocasional in companion animal

34
Q

What are the symptoms for spirocerca lupi?

A

dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), vomiting, esophageal neoplasia, bleeding lesions that may cause anemia

35
Q

How do you diagnose spirocerca lupi?

A

symptomatic: may be identified by endoscopy
fecal examination - thick-shelled, larvated eggs

36
Q

What is the treatment for spirocerca lupi?

A

lesions in naturally infected dogs resolve with milbemycin