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Parasitology > Cyclophyllidian Tapeworms (27-29) > Flashcards

Cyclophyllidian Tapeworms (27-29) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general morphology and biology for tapeworms?

A

dorsoventrally flattened

bilaterally symmetrical

segmented worms - scolex, proglottids containing reproductive organs of both sexes

solid body without a body cavity, made up of parenchyma

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2
Q

Which lifecycle do tapeworms have?

A

obligate indirect lifecycle

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3
Q

What is the obligate indirect lifecycle for tapeworms?

A

eggs passed in feces of direct host

eggs ingested by intermediate host, hatch, and encyst

infected tissues ingested by direct host and complete lifecycle

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4
Q

Tapeworm biology is generally based on ______ relationships

A

predator-prey

ex. dog chases rabbit and gets infected

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5
Q

There is a high degree of specificity for the definitive host which are __________

A

canine, feline, human

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6
Q

Which type of tapeworm includes most of the veterinary important tapeworms?

A

cyclophyllidian

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7
Q

Cyclophyllidian tapeworms are distinguished by a _____ at the apical end of the scolex

A

rostellum

  • hooked and non-hooked
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8
Q

What are the 5 primary families of cyclophyllidian?

A

taeniidae
diplidiidae
mesocestoididae
anoplocephalidae
hymenolepipidae

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9
Q

What is the intermediate host for taeniidae family?

A

vertebrate

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10
Q

What is the intermediate host for diplyidiidae family?

A

arthropod

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11
Q

What is the intermediate host for mesocestoididae family?

A

arthropod
vertebrate

2 IH

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12
Q

What is the intermediate host for anoplocephalidae family?

A

arthropod IH

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13
Q

What is the intermediate host for hymenolepididae family?

A

arthropod IH

direct lifecycle for humans!!

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of taeniid tapeworms?

A

scolex with hooked rostellum and 4 muscular suckers

metacestode state

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15
Q

Which metacesode has a single bladder and 1 scolex?

A

cysticercus

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16
Q

What is cysticercosis?

A

disease resulting from encysted metacestode stage in the intermediate host

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17
Q

What can also happen in metacestode stage in intermediate hosts?

A

production losses from condemned livers, other tissues where metacestode stage is encysted

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18
Q

What is the taeniid tapeworm that is a significant agent of human neurologic disease?

A

taenia solium (human-pig)

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19
Q

What is the dog tapeworm called?

A

taenia pisiformis

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20
Q

What are the clinical signs of taenia pisiformis?

A

none

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21
Q

What are these? What is this indicative of?

A

proglottids in feces

first indication that pet has “worms”

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22
Q

What is the treatment for taenia pisiformis?

A

anticestodal dugs
fendbendazole

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23
Q

T/F: Macrocyclic lactones are effective anti-tapeworm drugs

A

FALSE - tapeworms do not have glutamate-gated chlorine channels or GABA receptors

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24
Q

What is the feline tapeworm called?

A

taenia taeniaformis

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25
Q

What is the intermediate host for taenia taeniaformis?

A

mice

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26
Q

What is the intermediate host for taenia pisiformis?

A

rabbits

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27
Q

What is the flea tapeworm called?

A

dipylidium caninum

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28
Q

What is the morphology for dipylidium caninum?

A

segmented body with paired genital pores

rostellum armed with small hooks and retractable

4 muscular suckers

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29
Q

Where does dipylidium caninum attach in cats, dogs, and occasionally people?

A

small intestines

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30
Q

For dipylidium caninum, what is the intermediate host? How is the direct host infected?

A

fleas and lice: competent IH

IH infected by ingested of egg packets

DH infected by ingestion of metacestode stage in the IH

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31
Q

What is important to take care of dipylidium caninum (flea tapeworm) lifecycle?

A

effective flea control

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32
Q

How do you differentiate taenia sp. from dipylidium caninum?

A
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33
Q

T/F: Taenia eggs are distinguishable from one another

A

FALSE - indistinguishable

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34
Q

What is significant about echinococcus sp.?

A

zoonotic

humans are accidental intermediate hosts

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35
Q

What are the 2 species of echinococcus sp.?

A

E. granulosus

E. multiocularis

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36
Q

Where is E. granulosus found?

A

southwestern US
Utah
Nevada
Alaska
Canada

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37
Q

Who does the lifecycle for E. granulosus involve?

A

domestic and wild canidae

38
Q

The definitive host for echinococcus sp. (both) is

A

dog

39
Q

What does the dog have to ingest in order to be infected?

A

the cyst

40
Q

How does eichonococcus granulosus cause disease in intermediate host?

A

unilocular hydatid cyst

pressure atrophy

anaphylaxis from cyst rupture

41
Q

In echinococcus multilocularis, what occurs in the IH?

A

alveolar (multilocular) hyatid cyst

42
Q

A necropsy was performed on a sheep, and a uniocular hydatid cyst that caused pressure atrophy and anaphylaxis from it rupturing was discovered. What likely caused this? Is this a direct host or intermediate host?

A

echniococcus granulosus

sheep - intermediate host

43
Q

What is echinococcus multilocularis also called?

A

alveolar hydatid tapeworm

44
Q

What are the important intermediate hosts to echinococcus multilocularis?

A

mice
deer
caribou
elk

45
Q

Who does an alveolar (multilocular) hydatid cyst occur in?

A

intermediate hosts - mice, deer, caribou, elk

46
Q

Is echinococcus multilocularis a zoonotic concern?

A

yes - major

47
Q

How do humans become infected by tapeworms?

A

unknowingly ingesting tapeworm eggs from various sources contaminated with dog fever

dogs often roll in feces of wild canids and transport infective eggs on their fur

48
Q

What is pulmonary hydatid disease caused by?

A

echinoccocus granulosus
E. multiloccularis

ZOONOTIC

49
Q

What happens in pulmonary hydatid disease?

A

humans infected by ingestion of eggs passed in feces

hydatid cysts form in liver and lungs

pulmonary involvement by hematogenous dissemination from hepatic lesions

50
Q

A person was rushed to the ER with a pneuomothorax and x-rays were taken. Hydatid cysts were discovered. Which disease is this, and what caused it?

A

Pulmonary Hydatid Disease

eichonococcus multiloccularis or
eichonococcus granulosus

51
Q

What are symptoms of pulmonary hydatid disease?

A

cough, dyspnea, chest pain from tissue compression by growing cysts

52
Q

What can happen with pulmonary hydatid disease?

A

rupture into pleural cavity associated with pneumothorax

53
Q

What is treatment for echinococcus?

A

deworm dogs monthly

limit access to intermediate hosts

in people, surgery to remove cysts

54
Q

Differentiate taenia species and eichonococcus sp.

A
55
Q

T/F: Taenia species are zoonotic

A

FALSE - echinococcus sp. are (and smaller)

56
Q

What is mesocestoides sp. morphology?

A

scolex with unarmed rostellum and 4 muscular suckers

segmented body

proglottids with central genital pore (parauterine organ)

distinctive eggs

57
Q

What is the lifecycle of mesocestoides?

A

obligate indirect lifecycle

onchosphere (eggs) ingested by arthropod

tetrathyridium (metacestode) - develops in 2nd intermediate host

58
Q

When are mesocestoides zoonotic?

A

when humans ingest tetrathyridium

59
Q

In mesocestoides, ____ and _____ serve as final host for maintaining parasite in environment

A

dogs and cats

60
Q

What are the clinical signs for mesocestoides sp.?

A

ascites
dysorexia/weight loss
vomiting/diarrhea
tachypnea

61
Q

Disease from mesocestoides results from ______

A

asexual replication of worms in host and invasion of peritoneum
- massive worm burdens voided in feces

62
Q

What are the 2 types of hymenolepididae parasites?

A

H. nana

H. diminuta

63
Q

T/F: H. nana and h. diminuta are potentially zoonotic

A

TRUE

64
Q

What is special about H. nana?

A

infective by direct lifecycle

65
Q

What egg is this?

A

hymenolepididae nana

66
Q

What egg is this?

A

dimunta

67
Q

What family are tapeworms in domestic livestock called?

A

anoplocephalidea

monezia

68
Q

What is the morphology of anoplocephalidea?

A

scolex without a rostellum or hoods, etc

69
Q

What is anoplocephala perfoliata?

A

pathogenic in horses

scolex with distinct lappets

associated with ulceration and reactive inflammation at ileal-cecal junction

70
Q

You perform an endoscope and see this disgusting ulceration and inflammation at the ileo-cecal junction of a horse. What likely caused this?

A

anoplocephala peroliata

71
Q

Where is the problem for anoplocephala perfoliata?

A

ileo-cecal junction

72
Q

What is the diagnostic challenge for anoplocephala perfoliata?

A

fecal exam has lower sensitivity (61%)

seen July-Oct

73
Q

What is the intermediate host for anoplocephala sp.?

A

mites

74
Q

What is the treatment for anoplocephala perfoliata?

A

pyrantel

75
Q

Tapeworm infections in horses may be associated with _____ and _____ at the ileocecal junction

A

colic

intussuseption

76
Q

What is monezia sp.?

A

ribbon-like tapeworms in small intestine

2 species in cattle, sheep, goats, and ruminants

77
Q

Young lambs 1st season on pasture is considered at risk for disease when infected with _____

A

monezia sp.

78
Q

Monezia is generally [pathogenic/non-pathogenic]

A

non-pathogenic

79
Q

What is the intermediate host for monezia sp.?

A

mites (oribatid)

80
Q

What is treatment for monezia sp.?

A
81
Q

What is Human Taeniasis tapeworm called?

A

Beef and pork tapeworm

82
Q

What lifecycle is human taeniasis?

A

obligate indirect lifecycle

83
Q

How do people contract human taeniasis?

A

when they consume poorly cooked beef or pork with the tapeworm larvae in edible tissues

84
Q

People with Human Taeniasis pass the eggs/proglottids how? Who do they then infect?

A

in stool

infect livestock

85
Q

T/F: Human Taeniasis does not involve person to person transmission

A

TRUE

86
Q

What is the exception with Human Taeniasis not involving person to person transmission?

A

T. solium

87
Q

How is T. solium acquired?

A

from accidental ingestion of pork tapeworm eggs via the fecal/oral route

88
Q

What does T. solium cause?

A

neurocysticercosis

89
Q

How does T. solium cause neurocysticercosis?

A

humans become the intermediate host with the metacestode stage (cysticercus) encrusting in brain and CNS

90
Q

T. solium is a significant cause of ______ and ______

A

epilepsy and other neurologic diseases

fatal sometimes

91
Q

In Neurocysticercosis, humans become the intermediate host by ______, and they become the definitive host by ______

A

IH: ingesting eggs

Definitive: eating tissues with cysticercius stage

92
Q

Where is neurocycticercosis normally found?

A

Latin America

Asia

Africa

Parasitology (31 decks)

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