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Parasitology > Mosquitoes, Midges, & Flies (25 & 26) > Flashcards

Mosquitoes, Midges, & Flies (25 & 26) Flashcards

1
Q

What order are flies in?

A

diptera

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2
Q

What is the lifecycle for flies?

A

obligate intermediate hosts

mechanical vectors for infectious agents

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3
Q

What are the parasitic stages of flies?

A

adult
larvae

almost never both

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4
Q

What are the major groups of flies?

A

mosquitoes
horseflies
house flies
bot flies

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5
Q

What are characteristics of sand flies, mosquitoes, and midges?

A

small, delicate flies, weak fliers

aquatic habitats

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6
Q

Who sucks blood for sandflies, mosquitoes, and midges?

A

females only

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7
Q

Lutzomyia/Phlebotomus is the intermediate host for ______ and are in ________

A

Leishmania sp.

moist, dark habitats

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8
Q

Where do Cullicoides flies thrive?

A

stagnate “nasty water”

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9
Q

What diseases do cullicoides flies cause?

A

equine onchocerciasis
bluetongue virus / epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus
Queensland Itch - hypersensitivity reaction

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10
Q

What are black flies called?

A

Simulium

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11
Q

What do simulium flies cause? Where are they found?

A

painful bites, big swarms

depression, dysorexia, Sub Q edema

fresh/clean, fast-flowing water

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12
Q

What is the most common backyard mosquito?

A

aedes albopictus

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13
Q

T/F: Female mosquito larvae are parasitic

A

FALSE - only ADULT females are parasitic

larvae are not

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14
Q

What kind of host are mosquitoes?

A

obligate intermediate host

  • canine heartworm
  • malaria (plasmodium spp.)
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15
Q

Mosquitoes are biologic vectors for a variety of ______

A

arboviruses

  • encephalitis, hemorrhagic fevers —> Zika, Dengue, etc
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16
Q

What is the horse fly called?

A

tabanus

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17
Q

What is the deer fly called?

A

chrysops

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18
Q

[Male/Female] horse flies only feed

A

Female

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19
Q

Horse flies are mechanical vectors for what diseases?

A

Equine Infectious Anemia - tabanus

Bovine Leukosis Virus

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of house flies and relatives?

A

medium to smallish flies

oviposit in moist organic material

attracted to excrements, rotting flesh, and filth

non-biting & biting flies

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21
Q

How do you differentiate between biting and non-biting house flies?

A

biting flies: longer palpus

non-biting flies: shorter palpus

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22
Q

What is the common house fly called?

A

musca domestica

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23
Q

As a mechanical vector, what does musca domestica carry?

A

1 to 6 million bacteria and over 100 different pathogens

  • Salmonella
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24
Q

Musca domestica is an intermediate host for _______

A

draschia/habronema (equine stomach worm - swamp cancer)

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25
Q

What is the face fly?

A

musca autumalis

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26
Q

Musca autumalis is the obligate IH and vector for what diseases?

A

thelazia

pink eye

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27
Q

Where on an animal is musca autumalis found?

A

face, feeds on ocular/nasal discharges

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28
Q

What is required for musca autumalis to reach sexual reproduction?

A

host protein

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29
Q

What does musca autumalis feed on?

A

chases biting flies off host to feed on oozing blood

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30
Q

A cow is annoyed by swarms of flies covering his face, and he is unable to graze as a result. What fly is this most likely?

A

musca autumalis

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31
Q

How does musca autumalis lay their eggs?

A

obligate oviposition in fresh feces

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32
Q

How do you control obligate oviposition in fresh feces?

A

control through “feed through” insecticides

organophosphate additives “pass through” the alimentary tract

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33
Q

What are the two biting fly species (those we are focusing on)

A

hematobia irritans

stomoxys calcitrans

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34
Q

Hematobia irritans is also called the _______

A

horn fly

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35
Q

What is the significance of hematobia irritans fly?

A

the most important ectoparasite of cattle
reproduce prolifically

36
Q

How do hematobia irritans reproduce?

A

oviposit in fresh manure

feed-through effect with Ivermectin

37
Q

Stomoxys calcitrans is also called the ______. What does it resemble?

A

stable fly

looks like the house fly

38
Q

How do stomoxys calcitrans reproduce?

A

oviposition in old feces, damp, and decaying organic material

39
Q

Stomoxys calcitrans is an obligate IH for ______

A

habronema (equine stomach worm)

trypanosoma evansi

40
Q

Which fly is a vector for Equine Infectious Anemia?

A

tabanus - horse fly

41
Q

You notice this fly circling around a horse. It left a painful bite on the animal, and began to circle near old feces and decaying organic material. Which fly is this likely?

A

stomoxys calcitrans - stable fly

42
Q

What are the appearance of blow flies?

A

typically green, blue, copper, metallic color

43
Q

Blow flies [lay eggs / deposit larvae]

A

blow flies lay eggs

44
Q

What are the appearance of flesh flies?

A

smaller, duller color

45
Q

What is myiasis?

A

tissue invasion by larval flies
- primary
- secondary

46
Q

Flesh flies [lay eggs / deposit larvae]

A

deposit larvae

47
Q

In myiasis, what do the larvae do?

A

hatch on/in the host
burrow into host tissues (remain 10 days to 12 weeks)

48
Q

What is primary myiasis?

A

penetration of normal (healthy) tissues and fresh uninfected wounds as a primary invader

  • American screwworm
49
Q

What is secondary myiasis?

A

invasion of suprative wounds - soiled fleece/hair coats

typically feed on necrotic tissues as a secondary invader

considerable specific variation and preference in degree of composition

50
Q

Blow flies and flesh flies are examples of [primary/secondary] mydriasis

A

secondary

51
Q

What are bot flies? The larvae are ______

A

gastrophilidae

larvae are obligate parasites of the digestive tract and SQ tissues

52
Q

What is the formal term for screwworm?

A

cochliomyia hominivorax

53
Q

What is the lifecycle of cochliomyia hominivorax?

A

female lays eggs in wounds of warm-blooded animals

larvae extend wounds by eating surrounding healthy flesh

54
Q

Screwworm myiasis is [primary/secondary]

A

primary

55
Q

T/F: Cochliomyia hominivorax is reportable and has been eradicated in N. America

A

TRUE

56
Q

A farmer notices that a lamb has larvae in small skin wounds, natural openings, and mucus membranes. It looks to be consuming the healthy tissues. What is this likely caused by? Primary or secondary mydriasis, if applicable?

A

cochliomyia hominivorax — American screwworm

primary mydriasis

57
Q

This larvae has tusk-like mandibles. What is this characteristic of?

A

cochliomyia hominivorax

58
Q

What is the lifecycle of the bot fly?

A

female lays eggs in wool of sheep, for example
eggs may also be laid in wound of warm-blooded animals, on carrion, or on feces

larvae feed on debris and wool

59
Q

Which stage of bot flies are parasitic?

A

larval stage

60
Q

T/F: Bot flies are generally non-feeding and free-living

A

TRUE

61
Q

Bot flies [are / are not] host-specific

A

are

62
Q

What is the name of the equine bot fly?

A

gastrophilous sp.

63
Q

Where are gastrophilous sp. parasitic in the equine? Which stage? Are they pathogenic?

A

stomach

larvae

not pathogenic

64
Q

A necropsy was performed on a horse. The stomach was dissected and looked like this image. The horse also showed no symptoms. What is a possible cause of this?

A

gastrophilous sp.

65
Q

What is the human bot fly called?

A

dermatosis hominis

66
Q

What are the clinical effects of hypoderma spp. of cattle?

A

larvae obligate parasites in healthy tissues in any anatomical location; fatal infections occur

67
Q

What are head maggots called? What species?

A

oestrus spp.

larvae obligate parasites in nasal passages and paranasal sinuses

parasites of sheep & horses

68
Q

What is the lifecycle of hypoderma bovis?

A

larvae penetrate skin and migrate for 5 months

69
Q

What is hypoderma bovis also called?

A

hide bots

70
Q

What is the lifecycle of oestrus ovis?

A

female fly deposits larvae in or around host’s nostrils
immature larvae attach to mucous membrane

71
Q

What is oestrus ovis also called?

A

nasal bots

72
Q

What is the significance of Hide Bots?

A

US widespread low because of macrocyclic lactones

but leads to production losses from cattle not grazing and excess exercise from avoiding fly distractions

73
Q

A necropsy was performed on a cow esophagus/trachea. Larvae were discovered. What was the likely cause of this?

A

hypoderma bovis - Hide Bots

think hypoderma like under the skin and how it’ll migrate to trachea and esophagus

74
Q

What is the significance of Nasal Bots?

A

adopt defensive posture to discourage flies from landing and laying eggs

huddle together, noses inward and down to the ground

interfere with weight gain, not grazing

sinusitis, encephalitis from aberrant migration

75
Q

A necropsy was performed on the nasal and frontal sinuses of a sheep. Larvae were discovered. What likely caused this?

A

oestrus ovis - Nasal Bots

76
Q

What is the lifecycle of cuterebra spp.?

A

female deposits eggs at entrance to rodent and rabbit burrows
larvae enter host via mouth and nose or penetrate skin

77
Q

What is cuterebra spp. a host for?

A

squirrels - called the Squirrel Bot Fly

78
Q

Who is the accidental host to cuterebra spp.?

A

cats

79
Q

A hole with larvae was discovered on the back of a cat’s head. What likely caused this?

A

cuterebra spp. - Squirrel Bot Fly

80
Q

Larvae was discovered in a cat’s eye. What likely caused this?

A

cuterebra spp. - Squirrel Bot Fly

81
Q

What drugs can you use to treat Bot Flies?

A

macrocyclic lactones - though in domestic livestock they are often not treated or do not require treatment

82
Q

Which types of animals get surgery to remove bot flies?

A

companion animals

83
Q

How do you treat/prevent face/horn flies, stable flies?

A

stable flies: remove feed waste, decaying organic waste, old manure to reduce breeding environments

84
Q

Review these points (1)

A
85
Q

Review these points - fly pests (2)

A

Parasitology (31 decks)

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