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Parasitology > Nematode Parasites of the Respiratory System (15) > Flashcards

Nematode Parasites of the Respiratory System (15) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general morphology for respiratory nematode parasites?

A

small worms with superficial resemblance to hookworms
dioecious & sexually dimorphic
males with rudimentary copulatory bursa

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2
Q

Respiratory nematode parasites occupy _____

A

respiratory tract
pulmonary vasculature

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3
Q

Respiratory nematode parasites generally feed on _____

A

host cellular tissue

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4
Q

Most respiratory nematode parasites develop to infective stage in _________

A

obligate intermediate host

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5
Q

What are the dog lungworms?

A

metatrongyloidea —
filaroides hirthi
filaroides osleri

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6
Q

Filaroides hirthi adult worms are parasitic in ______

A

lung parenchyma

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7
Q

Filaroides osleri adult worms are parasitic in _______

A

nodules in trachea and bronchi

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8
Q

What is the life cycle of the filaroides species?

A

1st stage larvae L1 passed in the feces of infected mother - ovoviviparous
puppies ingested by L1 ingested through feces ingestion, vomit

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9
Q

How do filaroides species migrate?

A

tracheal migration

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10
Q

Filaroides is the only nematode where ____ larval stage is infective to final host

A

L1

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11
Q

How do you diagnose filaroides?

A

fecal examination
Baermann exam
zinc sulfate flotation

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12
Q

What do filaroides look like?

A

kinked tail with dorsal spine

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13
Q

What is the baermann exam technique good for?

A

recovery of live larvae in female samples and cultures
good for lungworms

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14
Q

The ______ of filaroides is a diagnostic characteristic

A

kinked tail

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15
Q

What is the significance of filaroides?

A

generally asymptomatic
clinical signs may include hard, dry coughing
pathology seen as focal areas of inflammation & necrosis in parenchyma in lung lobes
severe disease in hyper-infected & immunocompromised animals

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16
Q

What is treatment for filaroides? Prevention?

A

difficult
fendbendazole
prevention by avoiding contact with infective larvae

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17
Q

What is angiostrongylus vasorum?

A

French Heartworm
small worms living in the right heart / pulmonary artery
widespread in Europe

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18
Q

What is angiostrongylus vasorum associated with?

A

pulmonary thrombosis
clotting disorders
hemorrhage from deposited eggs and larvae

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19
Q

What does the dog eat to contract angiostrongylus vasorum?

A

slugs or snails
sometimes paratenic host (from bird ingesting snail)

20
Q

Where do you find other angiostrongylids?

A

North American wildlife
red fox

21
Q

What is the significance of angiostrongyloids?

A

costaricensis: associated with abdominal pain, fever, vomiting from worms living in mesenteric arteries - South America and caribbean
cantonensis: neurologic disease from larvae in meninges and inflammatory response - southeast asia

22
Q

What is the cat lungworm?

A

aleurostrongylus abstrusus

23
Q

What is the lifecycle of aleurostrongylus abstrusus?

A

indirect life cycle
1st stage larvae passed in feces ingested by nail
slug intermediate host

24
Q

L___ is the infective stage for aleurostrongylus abstrusus

A

L3

25
Q

____/______ are opportunistic paratenic hosts for aleurostrongylus abstrusus

A

Mice/birds

26
Q

Where do aleurostrongylus abstrusus reside?

A

tiny adult worms are parasitic in terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts
eggs laid in lung parenchyma

27
Q

What is the significance of aleurostrongylus abstrusus?

A

most common lungworm parasite in companion animals (especially in free-ranging cats that hunt)
often clinically inapparent and unremarkable

28
Q

How do you diagnose aleurostrongylus abstrusus?

A

fecal exam
baermann
zinc sulfate flotation

29
Q

How do you treat aleurostrongylus abstrusus?

A

difficult
FBZ< IVM

30
Q

What is troglostrongylus?

A

agent of feline respiratory disease in Europe & Mediterranean

31
Q

What is the lifecycle of troglostrongylus?

A

consistent with metastrongylid parasites
indirect lifecycle with infective L3 snail

32
Q

T/F: Troglostrongylus does not occur in pet cats in the USA

A

TRUE

33
Q

What are the capillaria affecting the respiratory tract?

A

capillaria boehmi - nasal sinuses
c. aerophilus - in bronchi
facultative indirect (earthworms as paratenic host)

34
Q

What are clinical signs of troglostrongylus?

A

slight cough, sneezing
bronchopneumonia, rattling wheezing respiration
easily treated

35
Q

What is the name of the lungworm parasites of domestic livestock?

A

muellerius capillaris
dictyocaulus

36
Q

What is the lifecycle of muellerius capillaris?

A

obligate indirect

37
Q

How is muellerius capillaris transmitted?

A

larvae coughed up, swallowed, and passed in feces
1st stage larvae diagnostic stage
1st ingested by snails/slugs - development to infective stage
ingested L3 larvae migrate to lungs, adults reproduce

38
Q

What are signs of muellerius capillaris?

A

asymptomatic normally
if immunocompromised - symptoms

39
Q

What is the lifecycle of dictyocaulus spp.?

A

direct lifecycle

40
Q

With dictyocaulus species, what are clinical signs?

A

light infections asymptomatic
heavy infection occlude airways
host resistance is function of age, etc

41
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. dictyocaulus
  2. mullerius
42
Q

What is the swine lungworm?

A

metastrongylus sp.
significantly impacted by confinement-based production systems

43
Q

Where do metastrongylus sp. live?

A

respiratory tract

44
Q

What is the lifecycle of metastrongylus sp.?

A

direct/facultative indirect lifecycle

45
Q

How do you diagnose metastrongylus elongatus?

A

fecal flotation
superficial resemblance to ascaris suum

46
Q

What is the clinical significance of metastrongylus elongatus?

A

presence in lungs results in alveolitis/broncholitis
chronic and paroxysmal coughing
secondary pneumonia

47
Q

How do you control and prevent metastrongylus elongatus and others?

A

sows and pigs infected while gestating and growing on pasture
nursing piglets may get larvae or larvated eggs from sow
prevention by treatment (removal of patent infections)
clean farrowing environment for sows
raise in confinement when possible

Parasitology (31 decks)

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