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Parasitology > Gastrointestinal Parasites of Poultry (14) > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Parasites of Poultry (14) Flashcards

1
Q

The impact of parasitism in poultry production is largely a factor for _______ & ________

A

backyard flocks
natural “organic” range-fed operations

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2
Q

____ is an important vector transmission of histomonas meleagridis to turkeys

A

Heterakis gallinarium

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3
Q

What is the poultry roundworm?

A

ascaridia galli

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4
Q

What is the morphology for ascaridia galli?

A

stout worms with 3 lipds
sexually dimorphic
adult worms live in small intestine

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5
Q

What is the basic lifecycle of ascaridia galli?

A

direct lifecycle
ingestion of larvated eggs
develop in intestine
no tracheal/somatic migration

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6
Q

T/F: There is tracheal migration with ascaridia galli

A

FALSE - no tracheal migration or somatic migration

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7
Q

Birds have pathology for ascaridia galli where?

A

penetration and inflammation in duodenal mucosa

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8
Q

Which kinds of birds are most susceptible to ascaridia galli?

A

young birds

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9
Q

What are signs of ascaridia galli?

A

clinically affected birds weak, markedly emaciated
decreased egg production

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10
Q

What is heterakis gallinarum?

A

poultry cecal worm

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11
Q

What is the basic lifecycle of heterakis gallinarum?

A

direct & facultative indirect lifecycle
earthworm as paratenic host

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12
Q

What is the paratenic host for heterakis gallinarum?

A

earthworm

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13
Q

Birds have pathology for heterakis gallinarum where?

A

thickening of cecal mucosa

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14
Q

What is the morphology of heterakis gallinarum?

A

stout worms with two lips
sexually dimorphic

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15
Q

Heterakis gallinarum has a contrast with ______, in that there is nodular typhlitis, caseous lesions, diarrhea, wasting & death

A

H. isolonche

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16
Q

What is the diagnosis for ascaridia/heterakis eggs?

A

diagnosed by fecal flotation
slight differences in size

17
Q

Heterakis gallinarum is not immediately infective, meaning it must

A

undergo development to infective stage in the environment
similar biological feature in common with all ascarid-type nematode parasites

18
Q

What is capillaria spp. in birds?

A

adult parasites living in the intestine, esophagus, and crop of poultry
stout body with elongate whip-like esophagus

19
Q

What is the basic lifecycle of capillaria in birds?

A

direct
facultative indirect lifecycle

20
Q

What is the paratenic host for capillaria in birds?

A

earthworm

21
Q

Where is the pathology for capillaria spp. in birds?

A

based on site of infection
- emaciation, hemorrhagic diarrhea with intestinal species
- hyperplasia of crop and esophagus
- croupous inflammation
dyslexia, emaciation, & death

22
Q

What is capillaria spp. in birds important in?

A

deep litter poultry houses, range yards
where hyper-contamination is likely

23
Q

What is the gape worm?

A

syngamus trachea
strongylate parasites living in the trachea of poultry & wild birds

24
Q

What is the morphology of syngamus trachea?

A

medium size worms
bright red coloration
permanently in copula

25
Q

What is the basic lifecycle of synamus trachea?

A

direct
facultative indirect lifecycle

26
Q

Trace the pathway of migration for syngamus trachea

A

eggs coughed up, discharged from host
larvae highly susceptible to adverse environmental conditions
ingested larvae undergo tracheal migration
reproduction in larger bronchi and trachea

27
Q

What is the paratenic host for syngamus trachea?

A

earthworm

28
Q

Migration of syngamus trachea through the lung is associated with _____, ______, and _______

A

ecchymoses
edema
lobar pneumonia

29
Q

What is the behavior of poultry that is infected with syngamus trachea?

A

“gape” behavior
open mouth, dyspnea, and asphyxia from accumulated mucous in mouth
then emaciation and death

30
Q

What are spiruid nematodes?

A

adult parasites living in the gizzard, proventriculus, esophagus, etc

31
Q

What is the lifecycle for spiruid nematodes?

A

obligate indirect lifecycle

32
Q

What is the intermediate host for spiruid nematodes?

A

orthoptera/coleoptera

33
Q

Where is the pathology for spiruid nematodes?

A

based on site of infection
emaciation, hemorrhagic diarrhea with intestinal species
mild infections are unremarkable

34
Q

[Younger/Older] birds are more susceptible to spiruid nematodes

A

younger

35
Q

How do you diagnose spiruid nematodes?

A

eggs readily recovered on fecal flotation
centrifugal sedimentation

36
Q

Strongyle-type eggs have a [thick, shelled, colorless w/ larvae / polar plugs / thin-shelled morula]

A

thin-shelled morula

37
Q

Capillarid-type eggs have a [thick, shelled, colorless w/ larvae / polar plugs / thin-shelled morula]

A

polar plugs

38
Q

Spiruid-type eggs have a [thick, shelled, colorless w/ larvae / polar plugs / thin-shelled morula]

A

thick, shelled, colorless with larvae

39
Q

How do you treat and prevent parasitisms in poultry production?

A

prevention based on avoidance of hyper-contaminated environments
isolate from infective parasite stages
difficult to achieve reasonable parasite control in backyard environments without prophylactic deworming
segregate by age group
wide selection of cost-effective anthemic choices

Parasitology (31 decks)

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