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Parasitology > Ascarids [Roundworms] (3) > Flashcards

Ascarids [Roundworms] (3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general term for Ascarids?

A

roundworms

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2
Q

What are the general morphology of ascarids?

A

large, stout worms up to 60 cm (hookworms in mm) in length
dioecious, sexually dimorphic, females larger

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3
Q

Ascarids occupy the _____ of vertebrate hosts

A

small intestine

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4
Q

Ascarids feed on ______

A

host ingesta

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5
Q

Ascarids develop to infective stage in ______

A

environment (outside of hosts)

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6
Q

What is the name for canine roundworm?

A

toxocara canis

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7
Q

Toxocara canis have _____ rather than a large open buccal capsule

A

mouth with 3 lips

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8
Q

What is the direct lifecycle of ascarids?

A

eggs passed in feces of definitive host
develop to infective stage in 2 to 3 weeks
larvated eggs ingested by susceptible host
larvae hatch and enter hepatic blood supply
tracheal migration
shown 4-5 weeks post-infection
arrested larvae in somatic tissues

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9
Q

Female ascarids are capable of producing _____ eggs per day

A

200,000

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10
Q

When are puppies infected?

A

vertical transmission from mother to offspring
infected in utero about 42 days of gestation

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11
Q

Puppies by ____ weeks of age pass 10^3 eggs

A

3

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12
Q

Mothers infected with sequestered larvae are able to infect puppies up to ____ days following initial infection

A

385 days

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13
Q

What is the facultative indirect lifecycle of toxocara Canis?

A

ingestion of infective larvae in paratenic host
“bridge the ecological gap”
rodents/other prey/carrion infected by ingestion of eggs
larvae hatch and encyst in somatic tissues

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14
Q

Patent infections are typical in puppies < ___ months

A

3

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15
Q

As puppies age, there is an [increasing/decreasing]m tendency of the migrating larvae to develop to adult worms

A

decreasing

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16
Q

As larvated eggs are ingested, hatched larvae divert to ______ and become ____ & ______

A

somatic tissues
become arrested and available for in utero transmission

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17
Q

The disease potential for ascarids are greater in [young/adult] animals

A

young

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18
Q

Irritation in the gut from roundworms result in _____, _____, ______, and _____

A

malaise
vomiting
anorexia
diarrhea

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19
Q

T/F: Roundworms grow faster than the intestinal tract

A

TRUE

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20
Q

What are the clinical presentation of roundworms?

A

worms in feces
young puppies (less than 3 months)
unthrifty appearance
hair coats with dried vomit and diarrhea
appearance of eggs on fecal examination

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21
Q

Should you assume all puppies are born with toxocara?

A

yes

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22
Q

Puppies are dewormed at what weeks?

A

2, 4, 6, 8 weeks

23
Q

What is the drug of choice for roundworms?

A

pyrantel

24
Q

After 8 weeks, puppies should take ______ for roundworms

A

prophylactic treatment
ingested parasites most likely to arrest in somatic tissues as the puppy ages

25
Q

What is the scientific name of feline roundworm?

A

toxocara cati

26
Q

Which type of roundworm has adult worms with prominent cervical alae?

A

toxocara cati

27
Q

How are feline and canine roundworms lifecycles the same?

A

ingestion of larvated eggs
eggs hatch and migrate in hepatic blood supply
arrive in alimentary tract via tracheal migration
eggs passed in feces
both can ingest paratenic host

28
Q

How are feline and canine roundworms lifecycles different?

A

cats: NO in utero infection! but there is vertical transmission!
adult felines play role in environmental contamination

29
Q

T/F: A cat of any age can test positive on flotation exam for roundworm eggs

A

TRUE - because pass eggs in environment for infection of paratenic hosts
and then they ingest paratenic host and are infected

30
Q

What are the clinical presentations for toxocara cati?

A

coughing, gagging, choking on hairball
appearance of eggs on a fecal examination

31
Q

What do roundworm eggs look like under a microscope?

A

round pitted shell with sticky albunimous coat
dark, single cell embryo

32
Q

T/F: Felines are at the same risk of roundworm disease compared to canines

A

FALSE - primarily in young immune naive animals

33
Q

What is treatment for feline roundworms?

A

pyrantel pamoate suspension - not approved
pyrantel/praziquantel frontal - good
selemectin, ivermectin

34
Q

What are the hosts for taxascaris leonia?

A

dogs and cats

35
Q

What is the direct life cycle for toxiscaris leonia?

A

ingestion of larvated eggs
ingestion of facultative paratenic/intermediate host

36
Q

What are important lifecycle differences of toxascaris leonia?

A

no tracheal migration
no in utero infection
no lactogenic transmission

37
Q

Toxascaris leonia is said to have a more [northern/southern]-temperate distribution

A

northern

38
Q

What is the clinical presentation for toxascaris leonia?

A

worms in feces/vomit of infected hosts
appearance of eggs on fecal examination

39
Q

What is the raccoon roundworm?

A

baylisascaris procyonis - large stout worms with SMALLer eggs

40
Q

What is the direct lifecycle of baylisascaris procyonis?

A

ingestion of larvated eggs
contaminated fur from contact in dens or communal latrines
ingestion of eggs adherent to mothers fur or teats

41
Q

What is the facultative indirect lifecycle of baylisascaris procyonis?

A

ingestion of paratenic/intermediate host - evidence of larval growth in the Rodent host so they become intermediate hosts
pre-patent period 50 to 76 days post infection, adult female worms produce 100,000 eggs per day

42
Q

What are some important lifecycle differences of baylisascaris procyonis?

A
  • definitive host: no tracheal migration, no in utero infection, no lactogenic transmission
  • intermediate host: aggressive somatic migration, continues to grow in size, neurotropic
43
Q

Baylisascaris procyonis has a _____ prevalence

A

age-related

44
Q

T/F: There is no overt clinical signs in raccoon hosts (non-specific with regard to paratenic hosts)

A

TRUE - also MAJOR ozonic significance

45
Q

How are baylisascaris procyonis differentiated from toxicara canis?

A

larger, dark brown embryos

46
Q

How do baylisascaris procyonis eggs appear on a microscope?

A

sub spherical to round to slightly oval
thick albuminous shell
finely pitted surface
golden brown
dark single cell embryo

47
Q

What is responsible for the most zoonotic disease?

A

toxocara canis - dogs banned in Iceland

48
Q

Older/Younger dogs more likely to have eggs in fur

A

Older

49
Q

Older children can have the occurrence of toxocara larvae in ______

A

the eye (ocular larval migrans)

50
Q

What is visceral larval migrans?

A

somatic migration of toxocara larvae
younger children 2-7
abdominal pain, headache, weakness

51
Q

How do you prevent zoonotic toxocarisis?

A

monthly heartworm
remove feces from play areas
keep sandboxes covered
wash hands

52
Q

What is zoonotic baylisascariasis?

A

accidental ingestion of infective eggs from fecally contaminated environments
aggressive somatic migration of large neurotropic larvae

53
Q

How do you prevent zoonotic baylisascariasis?

A

avoidance of fecally contaminated loci
discourage and removal raccoons from residential areas
discourage pet adoption of raccoons
recognize distinctive eggs when they occur in canine fecal samples

Parasitology (31 decks)

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