Trauma Systems/Mechanism Of Injury Flashcards
Which trauma center offers the greatest range of care?
Level 1 trauma centers
What does Newton’s first law state?
An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted on by some outside force.
What does Newton’s second law state?
Force equals mass times acceleration/deceleration
F=M✖️A
F=M✖️D
What does Newton’s third law state?
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
What are three concepts of energy that are typically associated with injury?
Potential energy
Kinetic energy
Work
What is the formula for kinetic energy?
(MV^2)/2
Mass times velocity squared divided by 2
What causes more damage, the speed of an object or the mass of an object?
The speed has a greater impact
What is cavitation?
Formation of a temporary cavity as energy produces particle motion and stretches the tissue surrounding the point of impact.
What are the three density categories?
Air
Water
Solid
What are two body organs that have air density?
Lungs
Intestinal tract
What are four body parts that have water densities?
Vascular system
Liver
Spleen
Muscles
What body parts have solid densities and are more easy to splinter and fragment?
Bones
What are the three kinds of collisions in a frontal impact involving a motor vehicle?
Collision of car against object (other car,tree,pole)
Collision of passenger against interior of car
Collision of passenger’s internal organs against solid structures of the body
What are two types of organ injuries from blunt force trauma?
Compression
Changes in velocity
In blunt force trauma, how do compression injuries occur?
They occur as organs strike the interior of the body during the initial impact
In blunt force trauma, how do changes in velocity injuries occur?
They occur during acceleration as the organs move forward for the first impact and during deceleration as the organs pull against their attachments
What is coup-contrecoup?
Damage is done to both sides of an organ as the body moves first in one direction and then in the opposite direction
What is the “paper bag effect”?
When the pt sees a crash about to happen and gasps which draws in air into the lungs. On impact the lungs “pop” as if you blew up a paper bag and smashed it against your hand
What is the mesentery?
The peritoneal fold that surrounds the small intestine and connects it to the posterior abdominal wall
What is the odontoid process?
The toothlike process that extends upward from the axis and about where the atlas rotates
What are the three phases of blast injuries?
Primary phase
Secondary phase
Tertiary phase
What occurs during the first phase of blast injuries?
The pressure wave of the blast
What occurs during the second phase of blast injuries?
Flying debris causes injury
What occurs during the third phase of blast injuries?
The patient becomes the flying object
How many trauma centers are there?
Four
