Diabetic Emergencies Flashcards
What does diabetes mellitus indicate?
Glucose in urine
Which type of diabetes cause the patient to not be able to produce insulin?
Type 1 diabetes ( Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus)
When does type 1 diabetes usually start?
Childhood
When does type 2 diabetes usually occur?
Later in life
Which type of diabetes produces insulin but it doesn’t function effectively?
Type 2 diabetes (non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus)
What does the islets of langerhans do when blood glucose levels drop?
The alpha cells release glucagon to convert stored glycogen back into glucose
(Process called glycogenolysis)
What are the three classic symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes?
Polyuria (Frequent urination)
Polydipsia (frequent drinking from thirst)
Polyphagia excessive eating)
What causes diabetic keto acidosis?
No glucose so body uses fat as energy source
Ketones and fatty acids are waste products and hard to excrete
Body becomes acidotic
What are four signs and symptoms of diabetic keto acidosis?
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Kussmaul respirations
Fruity breath
Prolonged and exceptionaly high hyperglycemia results in what?
Ketoacidosis
Hypoglycemia will lead into what?
Insulin shock
Why more likely will occur if a patient ate but didn’t take insulin?
DKA
Too much sugar- insulin can’t regulate it
What most likely will occur if the patient hasn’t eaten but has taken insulin?
Insulin shock
Hypoglycemia shuts down brain
What is the dose of D50 for adults?
25g in 50 mL normal saline
How do you draw up D50 for children 3 months -7 years?
Dose is D25
Empty half of D50 and fill with normal saline
