Intravenous Access

Question 1

What is the hydrophilic layer of the cell membrane?

Answer 1

Outer layer composed of phosphate groups

Question 2

What is the hydrophobic layer of the cell membrane?

Answer 2

The inner layer made up of lipids and fatty acids

Question 3

What is an electrolyte called that has a positive charge?

Answer 3

Cation

Question 4

What is an electrolyte called that has a negative charge?

Answer 4

Anion

Question 5

What are three major cations of the human body?

Answer 5

Sodium
Potassium
Calcium

Question 6

What are three major anions of the human body?

Answer 6

Bicarbonate
Chloride
Phosphorus

Question 7

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 7

There is a greater concentration of sodium out of the cell. Water is drawn out of the cell which causes the cell to collapse from extracellular osmotic pressure

Question 8

What is hypotonic solution?

Answer 8

There is a lower concentration of sodium outside of a cell. Water flows inside the cell causing it to swell and possibly burst from increased intracellular osmotic pressure

Question 9

Where are the three fluid compartments in the human body located?

Answer 9

Intravascular (inside veins)
Intracellular (inside the cell)
Interstitial (outside vascular system surrounding cells)

Question 10

What are the five basic types of IV solutions?

Answer 10

Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Crystalloid
Colloid

Question 11

What is tonicity?

Answer 11

The movement of water in relation to the sodium levels inside and outside of the cells

Question 12

What fluid is used for patients who lost large amounts of blood?

Answer 12

Lactated Ringers solution

Question 13

Where is the buffering compound lactate metabolized and what does it do?

Answer 13

It is metabolized in the liver to form bicarbonate

Question 14

Who do you never give lactated ringer’s solution to?

Answer 14

Patients with liver problems

They can’t metabolize the lactate

Question 15

What is an isotonic solution?

Answer 15

Has the same concentration of sodium as does the cell. Water doesn’t shift and no change in cell shale occurs

Question 16

What is D5W solution?

Answer 16

An isotonic solution that contains 5% dextrose in water. It is isotonic as long as it remains in bag but turns hypotonic when it is administered and quickly metabolized

Question 17

What is normal saline?

Answer 17

An isotonic solution with .9% sodium chloride

Question 18

What solution has close to the same osmolarity as serum?

Answer 18

Isotonic solutions

Question 19

What solution has an osmolarity less than serum?

Answer 19

Hypotonic solution

Question 20

What solution has an osmolarity higher than serum?

Answer 20

Hypertonic solution

Question 21

What do hypotonic solutions do?

Answer 21

Hydrate cells while depleting the vascular compartment

Question 22

How many mL of isotonic crystalloid solution is needed to replace 1 mL of a patients blood?

Answer 22

3 mL

Question 23

What do crystalloid solutions contain?

Answer 23

Dissolved crystals (sugars, salt)

Question 24

What makes crystalloid solutions a good choice for prehospital care?

Answer 24

The ability of the fluids to cross membranes and alter various fluid levels

Question 25

What do colloid solutions do?

Answer 25

Since the molecules in the solution are too large to pass capillary membranes, they stay in vascular compartment and have high osmolarity so they draw fluid from interstitial and intracellular compartments into vascular compartments

Question 26

What are colloid solutions made up of mostly?

Answer 26

Proteins

Question 27

How many gtt/mL do microdrip sets allow?

Answer 27

60 gtt/mL

Question 28

How many gtt/mL do macrodrip sets allow?

Answer 28

10-15 gtt/mL

Question 29

What does gtt mean regarding IVs?

Answer 29

Drops

Question 30

How are catheters sized?

Answer 30

The larger the diameter of the needle, the smaller the gauge size

Question 31

What is a good rule of thumb for choosing catheter size

Answer 31

The more distal the IV site, the smaller the catheter gauge size

Question 32

What four colors do blood tubes come in to draw blood?

Answer 32

Red Blue Green Lavender

Question 33

What is the pneumonic for the order of filling blood tubes while drawing blood?

Answer 33

Red (red) Blood (blue) Gives (green) Life (lavender)

Question 34

What is the drip rate formula?

Answer 34

(Volume in mL✖️drip set)➗(Time in minutes) = gtt/Min

Question 35

What are four things you need to include in your documentation regarding IVs?

Answer 35

The gauge of the needle The site Type of fluid administered Rate the fluid is running

Question 36

What does antecubital mean?

Answer 36

Anterior to the elbow

Question 37

What is the parenchyma of the kidney?

Answer 37

Nephron

Question 38

What are three crystalloid solutions?

Answer 38

Normal saline (.9% NaCl) Lactated ringers D5W

Question 39

What does a bolus mean?

Answer 39

Give 20cc/kg (Person weighs 220lbs =100kg 20✖️100kg= 2000kg =2L)

Question 40

What is infiltration?

Answer 40

Fluids escape into surrounding tissues during iv

Question 41

What is phlebitis?

Answer 41

Inflammation of the vein

Question 42

What does KVO mean? (TKO)

Answer 42

Keep vein open (to keep open)

Question 43

What does KVO equal?

Answer 43

8-15 gtts/min

Question 44

Where do you deliver intraosseous injections?

Answer 44

In the tibia plateau | Two fingers below tuberosity, one finger medially

Question 45

At what location do you insert an intraosseous injection?

Answer 45

In the tibial plateau

Question 46

What is it called when you add a hypertonic solution to a blood stream and the cells "dehydrate"?

Answer 46

Crenation

Question 47

The cell membrane is composed of what two parts?

Answer 47

Hydrophilic layer | Hydrophobic layer