Intravenous Access Flashcards
What is the hydrophilic layer of the cell membrane?
Outer layer composed of phosphate groups
What is the hydrophobic layer of the cell membrane?
The inner layer made up of lipids and fatty acids
What is an electrolyte called that has a positive charge?
Cation
What is an electrolyte called that has a negative charge?
Anion
What are three major cations of the human body?
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
What are three major anions of the human body?
Bicarbonate
Chloride
Phosphorus
What is a hypertonic solution?
There is a greater concentration of sodium out of the cell. Water is drawn out of the cell which causes the cell to collapse from extracellular osmotic pressure
What is hypotonic solution?
There is a lower concentration of sodium outside of a cell. Water flows inside the cell causing it to swell and possibly burst from increased intracellular osmotic pressure
Where are the three fluid compartments in the human body located?
Intravascular (inside veins)
Intracellular (inside the cell)
Interstitial (outside vascular system surrounding cells)
What are the five basic types of IV solutions?
Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic Crystalloid Colloid
What is tonicity?
The movement of water in relation to the sodium levels inside and outside of the cells
What fluid is used for patients who lost large amounts of blood?
Lactated Ringers solution
Where is the buffering compound lactate metabolized and what does it do?
It is metabolized in the liver to form bicarbonate
Who do you never give lactated ringer’s solution to?
Patients with liver problems
They can’t metabolize the lactate
What is an isotonic solution?
Has the same concentration of sodium as does the cell. Water doesn’t shift and no change in cell shale occurs
What is D5W solution?
An isotonic solution that contains 5% dextrose in water. It is isotonic as long as it remains in bag but turns hypotonic when it is administered and quickly metabolized
What is normal saline?
An isotonic solution with .9% sodium chloride
What solution has close to the same osmolarity as serum?
Isotonic solutions