Basic Arrhythmias

Question 1

What do electrical cells do?

Answer 1

Initiate and conduct impulses

Question 2

What do mechanical cells do?

Answer 2

Contract in response to stimulation

Question 3

What is polarization?

Answer 3

Electrical charges are balanced and ready for discharge

Question 4

What is depolarization?

Answer 4

Discharge of energy that accompanies the transfer of electrical charges across the cell membrane

Question 5

What is repolarization?

Answer 5

Return of electrical charges to original state

Question 6

What part of the heart pathway stimulates the mechanical cells?

Answer 6

Perkinje fibers

Question 7

What is the inherent rate of the SA node?

Answer 7

60-100

Question 8

What is the inherent rate of the AV junction?

Answer 8

40-60

Question 9

What is the inherent rate of the ventricles?

Answer 9

20-40

Question 10

What determines what will be the pacemaker?

Answer 10

The site with the fastest rate

Question 11

What is the normal pacemaker?

Answer 11

SA node

Question 12

What is it called when a site speeds up and takes over as pacemaker?

Answer 12

Irritability

Question 13

What is it called when the normal pacemaker slows down or fails and a lower site assumed pacemaker responsibility?

Answer 13

Escape

Question 14

Sympathetic stimulation causes what three things with the heart?

Answer 14

Increase heart rate
Increase AV conduction
Increase irritability

Question 15

Parasympathetic stimulation causes what three things in the heart?

Answer 15

Decreased heart rate
Decreased AV conduction
Decreased irritability

Question 16

What does the sympathetic branch influence in the heart?

Answer 16

Both the atria and the ventricles

Question 17

What does the parasympathetic branch influence in the heart?

Answer 17

Atria

Question 18

Is it negative or positive inside a cardiac cell?

Answer 18

Negative

Question 19

Is it positive or negative outside a cardiac cell?

Answer 19

Positive

Question 20

What electrolyte is inside cardiac cells?

Answer 20

Potassium

Question 21

What electrolyte is outside a cardiac cell?

Answer 21

Sodium

Question 22

What is the isoelectric line?

Answer 22

Straight line produced on EKG machine that means no current is flowing

Question 23

If the flow of electricity is toward the positive electrode what will the EKG machine produce?

Answer 23

An upward deflection

Question 24

If the flow of electricity is toward the negative electrode what will the EKG machine produce?

Answer 24

A downward deflection

Question 25

How much time in between two tic marks?

Answer 25

3 seconds

Question 26

What does the height of the deflection indicate?

Answer 26

The voltage

Question 27

Which lines measure voltage?

Answer 27

Horizontal

Question 28

Which line measures time?

Answer 28

Vertical lines

Question 29

How much time is in between two heavy vertical lines on an EKG graph?

Answer 29

.20 seconds

Question 30

How much time is in between two lite vertical lines on an EKG graph?

Answer 30

.04 seconds | 1/5th the time of bold vertical lines

Question 31

What are the five waves called in a single cardiac cycle?

Answer 31

``` P Q R S T ```

Question 32

What does an interval refer to?

Answer 32

In the area between the waves

Question 33

What does a segment referred to?

Answer 33

A straight line or area of electrical inactivity between waves

Question 34

What wave is indicative of atrial depolarization?

Answer 34

P wave

Question 35

What is the PR segment indicative of?

Answer 35

The delay in the AV node

Question 36

What area of the heart is the slowest conduction speed?

Answer 36

AV node

Question 37

Why does the AV node have the slowest conduction speed?

Answer 37

To allow time for atrial contraction and complete filling of the ventricles

Question 38

What does the PR interval monitor?

Answer 38

All electrical activity in the heart before the impulse reaches the ventricles

Question 39

What is the first negative deflection?

Answer 39

The Q wave

Question 40

What does the QRS complex indicate?

Answer 40

Ventricular depolarization

Question 41

What is the first positive deflection following the P wave?

Answer 41

R wave

Question 42

What is the second negative deflection following the P wave?

Answer 42

S wave

Question 43

What wave indicates ventricular repolarization?

Answer 43

T wave

Question 44

How long are normal PR intervals?

Answer 44

.12-.20 seconds

Question 45

What does a long PRI indicate?

Answer 45

Delay in the AV node

Question 46

How do you measure the PR interval?

Answer 46

Start at first deflection of p wave End at final point of PR interval Don't include QRS complex

Question 47

How do you measure the QRS complex?

Answer 47

Include the beginning of Q wave End at end of S wave Do not include ST segment

Question 48

What is the normal time range for QRS complex?

Answer 48

Less than .12 second

Question 49

What are 4 causes for artifact on an EKG

Answer 49

Muscle tremors/shivering Patient movement Loose electrodes 60-cycle interference (Effect of other electrical instruments in room)

Question 50

What two waves on an EKG are the refractory period?

Answer 50

QRS wave | T wave

Question 51

What is the relative refractory period?

Answer 51

Small part of the refractory period where some of the charges are polarized and can be depolarizer if the impulse is strong enough

Question 52

What is the refractory period?

Answer 52

Period when the heart is unable to respond to an impulse

Question 53

What are the two refractory periods called?

Answer 53

Absolute refractory period | Relative refractory period

Question 54

What is the absolute refractory period?

Answer 54

When absolutely no impulse can cause depolarization

Question 55

When is the relative refractory period?

Answer 55

Downward slope of T wave

Question 56

When is the absolute refractory period?

Answer 56

QRS interval until the apex of T wave

Question 57

Where is the positive electrode placed?

Answer 57

Apex of heart

Question 58

Where is the negative electrode placed?

Answer 58

Below right clavicle

Question 59

Where is the ground electrode placed?

Answer 59

Below left clavicle

Question 60

What are four of the most common major categories arrhythmias?

Answer 60

Sinus Atrial Junction Ventricular

Question 61

A normal healthy heart would be and what rhythm?

Answer 61

Normal sinus rhythm

Question 62

What should the R wave correspond with?

Answer 62

Pts pulse

Question 63

What does regularly irregular mean?

Answer 63

There's a pattern of irregularity

Question 64

What does basically regular mean?

Answer 64

There's a regular rhythm with a beat or two that interrupts it

Question 65

What does totally irregular mean?

Answer 65

There's no pattern at all

Question 66

How do you determine if a rhythm is regular?

Answer 66

Measure RRI R to R interval

Question 67

To find the rate of a rhythm how much do you divide the total of the small squares?

Answer 67

1500

Question 68

To find the rate of a rhythm how much do you divide the total of the large squares?

Answer 68

300

Question 69

What does supraventricular mean?

Answer 69

Activity occurring above the ventricles

Question 70

What part of the heart conductive system is the fail safe mechanism?

Answer 70

The AV node

Question 71

What does fail safe mechanism mean?

Answer 71

The AV node protects the ventricles from having to respond to too many impulses from the atria

Question 72

A QRS of less than .12 second is what in origin?

Answer 72

Supraventricular

Question 73

What occurs if there is a conduction disturbance in the ventricles?

Answer 73

A wide QRS complex

Question 74

What is afterload?

Answer 74

Resistance heart must pump against

Question 75

What is preload?

Answer 75

The pressure on the ventricles at end of resting phase

Question 76

What are four things preload is influenced by?

Answer 76

Blood return to heart Total volume of blood Total perfusion Action of the atria

Question 77

What are the two types of cells in the heart?

Answer 77

Electrical cells | Mechanical cells