Burns And Soft Tissue Injuries Flashcards
What is the difference between mucous membranes and skin?
Skin is dry while mucous membranes are wet
What is a hematoma?
Pool of blood that collected within damaged tissues or in a body cavity
What is compartment syndrome?
Swelling in a confined space that produces dangerous pressure
What’s the acronym for treating a closed soft tissue injury?
ICES
Ice to constrict blood vessels
Compression over the injury
Elevate above the heart
Splint
What are four types of soft tissue wounds?
Abrasions
Lacerations
Avulsions
Penetrating wounds
What does stellate mean?
Star shaped laceration
What is it called when blood collects in the pleural space?
Hemothorax
Is the pressure inside the chest lower or higher than the pressure in the atmosphere?
Lower
In what two scenarios is it acceptable to remove an impaled object?
Impaled in the cheek and obstructs airway
Impaled in the chest and can’t perform cpr
What is an air embolisms?
Air sucked into blood vessels which blocks the flow of blood in the lungs and can send the patient into cardiac arrest.
What are five types of burns?
Thermal Inhalation Chemicals Radiation Electrical
What is eschar?
Thick, coagulated crust of leathery skin that develops following a burn
What are the five factors that’ll help you determine the severity of a burn?
The depth of the burn
The extent of the burn
Any critical areas involved
Any preexisting medical conditions that could be complicated by the burn
Is the patient younger than 5 or older than 55
What are the three classifications of burns according to their depth?
Superficial (first degree) Partial thickness (second degree) Full thickness (third degree)
What is a superficial burn?
First degree burn that only affects the top layer of skin. The skin turns red but doesn’t blister.
(Sun burn)
What is a partial thickness burn?
Second degree burns that involves the epidermis and some portion of the dermis. Skin is usually moist, mottled, white to red, and with blisters.
What are full thickness burns?
Third degree burns that extend through all layers of the skin. The skin is dry, leathery, white/dark brown, or charred
What is the rule of palms?
Also called the palmar method. Compare the size of the burn to the patient’s palm, it is roughly equal to 1% of the patients total body surface area
In the rule of nines what two body parts equal 9 in an adult?
Head
Both arms
In the rule of nines what three body parts equal 18 in an adult?
Back
Chest/abdominal
Both legs
In rule of nines, what body part equals 1 in an adult?
Genetalia
In the rule of nine for pediatrics what three body parts equal 18?
Head
Back
Chest/abdomen
The new rule of nines for pediatric patients what body part equals 13.5?
Both legs
In the rule of nines for pediatric patients what body part equals 9?
Both arms
In rule of nine’s for pediatric patients what body part equals 1?
Genetalia
What is paresthesia?
Sensation of body part “falling asleep”
What is the Parkland formula?
Giving 4 mL of normal saline for each kg of body weight. Multiplied by the percentage of the body surface area burned.
4mL ✖️ weight ✖️ % area burned = total fluid in 24 hours
According to the parkland formula, how much fluid should the patient receive in the first 8 hours?
Half of the total fluid calculated
What are three types of inhalation injuries from fire?
Damage from heat inhalation
Damage from systemic toxins
Damage from smoke inhalation
What is tetany?
Tonic muscle spasm
What are four basic classifications for electrical burn injuries?
Contact burn injuries
Arc injuries
Flame/flash burn injuries
Lightning injuries
What is transverse myelitis?
Inflammation of the spinal cord
What is an ominous sign someone will die during radiation burns?
Vomiting within the first hour
What lays between the epidermis and dermis?
The germinal layer of the epidermis
