Neonatal Resuscitation

Question 1

When is a baby considered a neonate?

Answer 1

The first 28 days of life

Question 2

When is a baby considered an infant?

Answer 2

1 month to 1 year

Question 3

What is the ductus arteriosus?

Answer 3

The bridge that connects the left pulmonary artery and the aorta in neonates

It temporarily reroutes oxygenated blood from the mother away from the lungs of the fetus and into the baby’s circulatory system

Question 4

What are three physiological changes a fetus undergoes during the fetal transition process?

Answer 4

Fluid in alveoli is absorbed into lung tissue and replaced with oxygen

Umbilical cord is clamped

Alveoli become distended and blood vessels dilate which causes increased blood pressure

Question 5

What is prostaglandin-E2?

Answer 5

Hormone that causes the ductus arteriosus to remain open

Question 6

When does the fetus no longer receive prostaglandin-E2?

Answer 6

When the umbilical cord is clamped

Question 7

What are four causes of fetal distress?

Answer 7

Neonates initial respiratory efforts are inadequate to force fluid from alveoli

Foreign material (meconium) blocks airway

Excessive blood loss (maternal trauma)

Pulmonary hypertension

Question 8

What are the five initial steps of neonatal resuscitation?

Answer 8

Drying (Do)
Warning (What)
Positioning (Probably)
Suctioning (Seems)
Stimulation (Simple)

Question 9

What is vernix caseosa?

Answer 9

Slippery substance covering newborns

Question 10

What are the two methods for tactile stimulation?

Answer 10

Slapping/flickering soles of feet

Gently rubbing the back,trunk, or extremities

Question 11

What are the three key assessment parameters for determining further neonatal resuscitation?

Answer 11

Respiratory effort
Heart rate
Color

Question 12

When should the apgar score be performed?

Answer 12

At 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth

Question 13

What is the respiratory rate for a newborn?

Answer 13

40-60 breaths a minute

Question 14

When will primary apnea reverse?

Answer 14

With simple stimulation by touching and suctioning

Question 15

When will secondary apnea reverse?

Answer 15

Only with assisted ventilations

Question 16

At what rate should you start compressions on a newborn?

Answer 16

Less than 60 beats

Even though there is a pulse it’s not adequate enough for metabolic needs

Question 17

What is acrocyanosis?

Answer 17

Cyanosis of extremities
Peripheral cyanosis

Common finding with new horns. No therapy required

Question 18

How much fluid do you give to a new born with hypovolemia?

Answer 18

10 mL/kg of normal saline over 5-10 minutes

Question 19

Wha four drugs are used for neonatal resuscitation?

Answer 19

Epinephrine 1:10,000
Sodium bicarbonate
Naloxone
Dextrose 10%

Question 20

What amount defines neonatal hypoglycemia?

Answer 20

Blood glucose less than 40mg/dL

Question 21

What is diaghragmatic hernia?

Answer 21

A hole in the diaphragm that allows bowels to move into the thoracic cavity

Question 22

How can you tell if there was identical twins during birth?

Answer 22

There are two cords coming out of one placenta

Question 23

How can you tell there are fraternal twins during birth?

Answer 23

There’s 2 placentas each with one cord

Question 24

What is considered premature?

Answer 24

Born before 37 weeks or less than 5.5 pounds

Question 25

What is a baby a newborn?

Answer 25

First few hours of life