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Paramedic 01 > Hemorrhage And Shock > Flashcards

Hemorrhage And Shock Flashcards

1
Q

How many millimeters of blood does a typical adult have?

A

Approximately 70 mL/kg

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2
Q

At what percent will a body not tolerate an acute loss of blood?

A

Greater than 20%

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3
Q

How are vitals affected if a patient loses more than 1 liter of blood (2 pints)?

A

Increased heart rate
Increase repertory rate
Decrease in blood pressure

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4
Q

How much total blood volume does a 1 year old child have?

A

About 800 mL

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5
Q

What is hypovolemic shock?

A

Low blood volume results in inadequate perfusion

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6
Q

What color is arterial bleeding?

A

Bright red

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7
Q

What color is venous bleeding?

A

Dark red

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8
Q

What color is capillary bleeding?

A

Dark red

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9
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

Formation of a clot to plug openings in injured blood vessels and stop blood flow

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10
Q

What is coffee ground emesis a sign of?

A

Upper GI bleeding

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11
Q

What is melena?

A

Passage of dark, tarry stools

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12
Q

What is melena a sign of?

A

Upper GI bleeding

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13
Q

What is hematochezia?

A

Passage of stools containing bright red blood

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14
Q

What is hematochezia a sign of?

A

Bleeding close to the external opening of the colon

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15
Q

What tends to cause hematochezia?

A

Hemorrhoids in the lower colon

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16
Q

What is hematuria?

A

Blood in the urine

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17
Q

What is hematuria a sign of?

A

Serious renal injury or illness

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18
Q

What is a pulse point?

A

Spot where a blood vessel lies near a bone

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19
Q

What are hemostats?

A

Forceps used to clamp ends of vessels

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20
Q

What is the primary use of pneumatic antishock garment?

A

Stabilization of an unstable pelvis, especially when the patient is exhibiting signs of hypoperfusion

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21
Q

What is another name for PASG.

A

MAST

Military antishock trousers

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22
Q

What is the only true contraindication of pneumatic antishock garments (PASG)/military antishock trousers (MAST)?

A

Pulmonary edema

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23
Q

How do you treat suspected skull fracture bleeding?

A

Loosely cover the bleeding site with a sterile gauze pad

Don’t apply excessive pressure due to blood collecting in the head

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24
Q

What are the three parts of the cardiovascular system?

A

Pump (heart)
Container (vessels)
Fluid (blood)

25
In the cardiovascular system, what is the pump?
The heart
26
In the cardiovascular system, what is the container?
Vessels
27
In the cardiovascular system, what is the fluid?
Blood
28
What is the formula for cardiac output?
CO= HR ✖️ SV (stroke volume)
29
What is the formula for blood pressure?
BP= CO ✖️ SVR (systemic vascular resistance)
30
Where are three places that baroreceptors are located?
Aortic arch Carotid sinuses (As well as most of the large arteries of the neck and thorax)
31
What do baroreceptors monitor?
If they sense a decrease blood flow, then it activates the vasomotor center which begins constriction of the vessels which increases blood pressure Monitors blood pressure
32
What does the vasomotor center do?
Oversees changes in the diameter of blood vessels
33
At what systolic BP does does the vasomotor center stimulate?
Between a systolic of 60-80 mmHg
34
Where are chemoreceptors located?
Carotid and aortic bodies
35
How are chemoreceptors simulated?
By decreases in PaO2 and increases in PaCO2
36
What do chemoreceptors regulate?
Respirations
37
What are three alpha 1 responses of the adrenal medulla?
Release of epinephrine for: Vasoconstriction Increased peripheral vascular resistance Increased after load from the arteriolar constriction
38
What two catecholamines are secreted by the adrenal medulla?
Norepinephrine (alpha) | Epinephrine (beta)
39
What is chronotropic?
Influences heart rate
40
What is inotropic?
Influencing force of contractions
41
What is dromotropic?
Influencing heart conductivity
42
What is chronotropic?
Influences heart rate
43
What is inotropic?
Influencing force of contractions
44
What is dromotropic?
Influencing heart conductivity
45
How does epinephrine effect alpha 2?
Regulates release of alpha 1
46
What three ways does epinephrine effect beta 1?
Increased heart rate Increased heart contractility Increase heart conductivity
47
What two ways does epinephrine effect beta 2?
Bronchodilation | Gastrointestinal smooth muscle dilation
48
What are spincters under control of?
Autonomic nervous system
49
What are the three stages of shock?
Compensated Decompensated Irreversible
50
What is pulse pressure?
Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
51
What two things does an orthostatic tilt test determine?
Dehydration | Hypovolemia
52
What are the two causes for obstructive shock?
Cardiac tamponade | Tension pneumothorax
53
What are three causes of distributive shock?
Anaphylaxis Sepsis Spinal shock
54
What pulse do you lose as you have decompensated shock?
Radial pulse
55
What are indications for PASG/MAST
Pelvic fracture with systolic <50
56
PASG/MAST does more harm than good during what five scenarios?
``` Pregnancy Penetrating chest/abdominal injuries Groin injuries Major head injuries Transport time <30 mins ```
57
What does the build up of lactic acid and carbon dioxide cause in regards to post capillary sphincters?
Vasodilation
58
What are four signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock?
Rapid, weak pulse Hypotension AMS Cool, clammy skin

Paramedic 01 (31 decks)

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