Cardiovascular Emergencies Flashcards
What is a bruit? What does it indicate?
Abnormal whooshing sound heard over main blood vessel
Indicates turbulent flow within blood vessel
What is a bruit usually a sign of?
Localized arteriosclerotic disease
What is arteriosclerotic disease?
Thickening or hardening of arteries
What is atherosclerosis?
Disorder in which cholesterol and other fatty substances build up and form plaque inside walls of blood vessels
What is angina pectoris?
When heart tissue isn’t getting enough oxygen and causes chest pain for a brief time
What is angina pain described as?
I
Crushing
Squeezing
Someone standing on my chest
Chronotroptic state refers to?
Hearts rate
Dromotropic state refers to?
Hearts conduction
Inotropic state refers to?
Hearts strength of contraction
What supplies oxygen and nutrients to the heart?
Coronary arteries
What is a class of clot busting drugs used to remove plaque from the coronary artery?
Fibrinolytics
What are three ways pain from an AMI differs from angina?
May or may not be caused by exertion
Doesn’t resolve in a few minutes
May or may not be relieved
What are two classes of drugs that will help cardiogenic shock?
Inotropics
Antiarrhythmias
What happens during congested heart failure?
The heart fails to pump blood effectively and it backs up into the pulmonary veins
What color sputum occurs with pulmonary edema?
Pink frothy sputum
Chronic pedal edema may indicate what?
Underlying heart disease (right sides heart failure)
How should you position a patient with congestive heart failure?
Sitting up
Not laying down
What is cardiomegaly?
Enlarged heart
What can continued hypertension lead to?
Stroke
What are some signs of hypertension?
Vertigo Epistaxis Tinnitus Vision changes Nausea Seizures
What are four drugs used or cardiac chest pain?
Oxygen
Aspirin
Nitroglycerin
Morphine
What does the left coronary artery subdivide into?
Left anterior descending artery
Circumflex coronary artery
What electrolyte flows into the cell to initiate depolarization?
Sodium (NA+)
What electrolyte flows out of the cell to initiate repolarization?
Potassium (K+)
Hypokalemia can lead to what?
Increased myocardial irritability
Hyperkalemia can lead to what?
Decreased automaticity/conduction
Hypocalcemia can lead to what?
Decreased contractility and increased myocardial irritability
Hypercalcemia can lead to what?
Increased contractility