Pharmachology Flashcards
What three categories are drugs/medications classified by?
Body system
Class of agent
Mechanism of action
What are sympathomimetics?
Drugs that mimic the sympathetic nervous system.
What are sympatholytics?
Drugs that inhibit the sympathetic nervous system
What is the neurotransmitter used in the sympathetic nervous system?
Norepinephrine
What is the neurotransmitter used in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Acetylcholine
What is a commonly used parasympatholytic drug used for symptomatic bradycardia and exposure to certain nerve agents?
Atropine
How does the drug atropine work?
It binds with acetylcholine receptors to prevent the acetylcholine from exerting its effect.
What four stages do drugs go through?
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
What are the seven forms of medication?
Solid drugs Liquid drugs Meter dose inhalers Topical medications Transcutaneous medications Gels Gases
What three ways are drugs administered?
Inhalation route
Enteral route
Parenteral route
What does enteral mean?
Drugs that are administered though any portion of the GI tract
(Sublingual, buccal, oral, rectal, nasogastric routes)
What does parenteral mean?
Drugs that are administered any route other than GI tract
(Intravenous, intramuscular, intraosseous, subcutaneous, transdermal/transcutaneous, intrathecal, inhalation, intralingual, intradermal, umbilical injection)
What up does intravenous mean?
Into the vein
What does intramuscular mean?
Into the muscle
What does intraosseous mean?
Into the bone
What does subcutaneous mean?
Beneath the skin
What does transdermal/transcutaneous mean?
Thorough the skin (absorbed medications)
What does intrathecal mean?
Within the spinal canal (drug administered into the subarachnoid space)
What does intralingual mean?
Within the tongue
What does intradermal mean?
Within the skin (TB shots)
What are four drugs that are administered via the endotracheal route? (LEAN)
Lidocaine
Epinephrine
Atropine
Naloxene (narcan)
What is biotransformation?
The chemical alteration that a substance undergoes in the body
What is the primary organ for biotransformation?
The liver
What is idiosyncrasy?
A completely unique response in a particular individual
What are the six rights of drug administration?
Right patient Right drug Right dose Right route Right time Right documentation
What are elixirs?
Preparations taken orally made up of sweetened, aromatic, hydroalcoholic liquid
ALCOHOL MIXTURE
What are syrups?
Mixtures with a high sugar content that are designed to disguise the taste of medication
SUGAR MIXTURE
What are emulsions?
A mixture of two liquids that are not mutually soluble
OIL MIXTURE
What are six types of liquid drugs?
Suspensions Tinctures Spirits Elixirs Syrups Emulsions
What does pharmacokinetic mean?
The movement of medication through the body
What does pharmacodynamic mean?
How the medication changes the body
Drugs that bind to receptors and create a response are called what?
Agonists
Drugs that bind to receptors and block other drugs from binding are called what?
Antagonists
The minimum concentration required for a drug to produce its desired response is referred to as what?
Therapeutic threshold
The difference between a drug’s minimum effective concentration and its toxic level is referred to as what?
Therapeutic range
What is potentiation?
Enhancement of the action of a drug by the administration of another drug
1➕ 1= 2
What is USP?
United States Pharmacopedia
What does idiosyncratic mean?
A unique response to a particular individual
What form is activated charcoal administered as?
A suspension
What does the abbreviation PRN stands for?
“as needed”
What is in iatrogenic response?
An adverse condition induced by the treatment given
UTI after catheter
What is assay?
An analysis of the drug itself to evaluate its potency
What is bioassay?
Procedure to determine the concentration, purity, and or biological activity of a substance by measuring it’s effect on an organism.
What are two techniques to analyze contents of a drug?
Assay
Bioassay
What are two types of receptors?
Nicotinic
Muscarinic
What is a neuromuscular junction?
Where nerves and muscles meet.
Where do nicotinic receptors function at?
Neuromuscular junctions is somatic muscles
What two things are nicotinic receptors triggered by?
Acetylcholine
Nicotine
What two things are muscarinic receptors triggered by?
Acetylcholine
Muscarine
What effects do nicotinic receptors cause?
Overstimulation of sympathetic nervous system
Tachycardia, hypertension, twitching