Head And Spine Injuries

Question 1

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 1

12

Question 2

Which motor/sensory nerve controls the arms?

Answer 2

Brachial plexus

Question 3

Which motor/sensory nerve controls the legs?

Answer 3

Lumbosacral plexus

Question 4

What are three major types of peripheral nerves?

Answer 4

Sensory nerves
Motor nerves
Connecting nerves

Question 5

What two places are connecting nerves found only?

Answer 5

Brain

Spinal cord

Question 6

Which peripheral nerves carry info from body to brain via spinal cord?

Answer 6

Sensory nerves

Question 7

Which peripheral nerves sends info fro CNS to muscles?

Answer 7

Motor nerves

Question 8

What do connecting nerves do?

Answer 8

Connect sensory and motor nerves with short fibers, which allows cells on either end to exchange messages

Question 9

What connects the mandible to the cranium?

Answer 9

The temporomandibular joint

Question 10

What two large structures make up the skull?

Answer 10

Cranium

Face

Question 11

How many vertebrae are in the spinal column?

Answer 11

33

Question 12

What are the five sections of the spinal column?

Answer 12

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx

Question 13

How many vertebrae are in the cervical spinal column?

Answer 13

7

Question 14

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spinal column?

Answer 14

12

Question 15

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spinal column?

Answer 15

5

Question 16

How many vertebrae are in the sacrum spinal column?

Answer 16

5

Question 17

How many vertebrae are in the coccyx spinal column?

Answer 17

4

Question 18

What are intervertebral disks?

Answer 18

Cushions that lie between vertebraes

Question 19

What is distracted regarding the spine?

Answer 19

Action of pulling the spine along its length

Hangings

Question 20

What is retrograde amnesia?

Answer 20

Can remember everything but events leading up to injury

Question 21

What is antegrade amnesia?

Answer 21

Inability to remember events after an injury

Question 22

Where do subdural hematoma’s occur?

Answer 22

Beneath the dura but outside the brain

Question 23

Where do intracerebral hematoma’s occur?

Answer 23

Within the parenchyma of the brain

Question 24

Where do epidural hematomas occur?

Answer 24

Outside the dura and under the skull

Question 25

What is a sign of intracranial pressure following a head injury?

Answer 25

Rapid deterioration of neurologic signs

Question 26

What is the only indication for hyperventilating a patient with a head injury?

Answer 26

Evidence of cerebral herniation such as abnormal pupils and only after hypotension and hypoexemia have been addressed

Question 27

What three signs make make up the Cushing triad?

Answer 27

Increased blood pressure Decreased pulse Irregular respirations

Question 28

What two things is Cushing triad a sign of?

Answer 28

Cerebral edema | Increased intracranial pressure

Question 29

What is a common response to head injuries especially in children?

Answer 29

Vomiting because of increased intracranial pressure

Question 30

What is cranial nerve 3?

Answer 30

Oculomotor nerve

Question 31

Ah what gcs score should you consider intubation?

Answer 31

Less than 9

Question 32

What is brain herniation?

Answer 32

Brain pushing out from where it belongs

Question 33

What are two signs of brain herniation?

Answer 33

``` Change in pupils Abnormal posturing (decorticate/decerebrate) ```

Question 34

What is the freely movable sheet of connective tissue that helps deflect a blow to the head called?

Answer 34

Gales aponerotica

Question 35

What causes diffuse axonal injury? (DAI)

Answer 35

Effect of rapid acceleration/deceleration

Question 36

What occurs during a complete cord transection?

Answer 36

All tracts of the spinal cord are completely disrupted

Question 37

What function do you lose with anterior cord syndrome?

Answer 37

Loss of motor function

Question 38

What function do you lose with posterior cord syndrome?

Answer 38

Loss of sensory function

Question 39

What occurs with central cord syndrome?

Answer 39

Weakness in upper extremities Normal strength in lower

Question 40

What is brown-sequard syndrome?

Answer 40

Hemisection of spinal cord on one side

Question 41

What two things does brown-sequard syndrome cause?

Answer 41

Motor and sensory loss on same side of injury | Some sensation loss on opposite side

Question 42

What is spinal shock?

Answer 42

Temporary loss of all spinal cord function distal to injury

Question 43

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 43

31