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EMT Class > Trauma Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Trauma Lecture 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

thermolysis

A

heat loss

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2
Q

radiation

A
  • loss of heat directly into a colder environment
  • through ambient air
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3
Q

convection

A
  • transfer of heat through circulating air
  • requires the movement of air
  • wind chill
  • sauna
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4
Q

conduction

A
  • transfer of heat from body to colder object
  • requires touching an object
  • laying out on a cold floor
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5
Q

evaporation

A
  • when water turns to gas
  • removes energy from the vaporizing liquid, causing a cooler temperature
  • sweating
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6
Q

ventilation

A

body heat lost during breathing

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7
Q

hypothermia

A

excess loss of heat

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8
Q

hyperthermia

A

excess gail of heat

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9
Q

frostnip

A

freezing of the skin but not the deeper surface

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10
Q

frostbite

A

freezing of a body part, usually an extremity

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11
Q

immersion (trench) foot

A

prolonged exposure to cold water

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12
Q

treatment for cold injury

A
  1. remove the patient from further exposure
  2. handle the injured party gently
  3. remove wet or restricting clothing
  4. local rewarming is done at the hospital
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13
Q

mild hypothermia temperature

A

90-95 F, 32-35 C

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14
Q

moderate hypothermia tempearture

A

85-90 F, 29-32 C

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15
Q

severe hypothermia temperature

A

below 85 F, 29 C

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16
Q

signs and symptoms for mild hypothermia

A
  • shivering
  • cold skin
  • alert
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17
Q

signs and symptoms for moderate hypothermia

A
  • confusion, lethargy, sleepy
  • slowing respirations, pulse
  • loss of coordination, shivering stops
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18
Q

signs and symptoms of severe hypothermia

A
  • weak, slow pulse
  • memory loss, impaired judgement, unresponsive, appear dead
  • dysrhythmias
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19
Q

treatment for hypothermia

A
  • remove patient from cold environment
  • handle the patient gently
  • remove wet clothing and cover with blankets
  • check pulse for 30-60 seconds
  • oxygen if shortness of breath
  • do not massage extremities or allow patient to eat or use any stimulants
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20
Q

active treatment

A
  • for mild hypothermia ONLY
  • turn heater in ambulance on high
  • hot packs to neck, armpits, and groin area
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21
Q

passive treatment

A
  • for mild, moderate, and severe
  • turn on heater in ambulance on high
  • remove wet or cold clothing and apply bankets
  • active rewarmining can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias
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22
Q

signs and symptoms of heat cramps

A
  • history of exertion with inadequate salt intake
  • muscle spasms of the legs or abdomen
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23
Q

treatment for heat cramps

A
  • remove the patient from hot env
  • rest the cramping muscle
  • replace fluids by mouth
  • isotonic type solution
  • if cramps do not go away, transport the patient to the hospital
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24
Q

signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion

A
  • warm or cool, moist, and flushed skin
  • headache
  • nausea
  • weakness
  • dizziness
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25
Q

treatment for heat exhaustion

A
  • remove patient from the hot environment
  • loosen any tight clothing
  • apply water and fan/AC
  • cold pack in the groin and axilia
  • oxygen if shortness of breath is present
  • transport
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26
Q

signs and symptoms of heat stroke

A
  • confusion, change of behavior, seizures
  • hot, dry, flushed skin could still be moist
  • sweating has stopped
  • body has lost its ability to compensate
27
Q

signs and symptoms of extertional heat stroke

A

skin may still be moist

28
Q

treatment for heat stroke

A
  • move patient out of hot environment
  • oxygen if shortness of breath is present
  • remove the patient’s clothing
  • apply water and fan/AC
  • apply cold packs to the patient’s neck, armpits, and groin trasport
29
Q

drowning

A

death as a resut of suffocation after submersion in water

30
Q

near-drowning

A

survival, at least temporarily, after suffocation in water

31
Q

complications of drowning

A
  • spinal injuries
  • hypothermia
  • diver’s reflux
32
Q

complications of secondary drowning

A
  • pulmonoary edema secondary to aspiration of fresh or saltwater
33
Q

complications of shallow water drowning

A
  • loss of stimulus to breathe
34
Q

signs and symptoms of spinal injuries

A
  • submersion has resulted from a diving mishap or long fall
  • patient is unconscious
  • patient complains of weakness, paralysis, or numbness
  • suspect possibility of spinal injury
35
Q

treatment for near-drowning

A
  • rescue and remove from water
  • spinal motion restriction
  • be prepared to suction
  • high flow oxygen via mask or BVM
  • CPR is necessary
  • remove wet clothing to prevent/treat for hypothermia
  • transport
36
Q

descent problems

A
  • usually due to the suddent increase in pressure on the body as the person dives
  • sinuses, ear drums pop
37
Q

bottom problems

A

not commonly seen

38
Q

ascent problems

A
  • air embolism and decompression sickness
39
Q

signs and symptoms of air embolism

A
  • pressure decreases, air expands while in alveoli, blood stream
  • rapid onset when at surface
  • air enters pleural space, mediastinum, and bloodstream
  • dizziness, nausea, vomiting
  • dysphasia
  • difficulty with vision
  • dyspnea
  • muscle/joint pain
  • paralysis/ and or coma
  • irregular pulse or cardiac arrest
40
Q

signs and symptoms of decompression sickness (The Bends)

A
  • occurs from too rapid ascent
  • occurs when bubles of nitrogen obstruct blood vessels
  • symptoms may develop while driving/flying
  • gradual onset
  • joint pain
  • abdominal pain
  • general fatigue
  • ataxia, dysarthria
  • vertigo
  • nausea/vomiting
41
Q

treatment for diving emergencies

A
  1. remove patient from water
  2. administer high flow oxygen
  3. left lateral or supine
  4. notify 911 for prompt transport to hyperbaric chamber for recompression
42
Q

acute mointain sickness

A

physical distress from difficulty adjusting to lower oxygen pressure at high altitude.

43
Q

high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)

A

fluid into the lungs

44
Q

high altitude cerebral edema (HACE)

A

fluid into the brain

45
Q

lightning strike

A
  • electrical problems with the heart/ nervous system injury
  • reverse triage
46
Q

radiation exposure

A
  • cel phones
  • microwave ovens
  • ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun
47
Q

types of bites

A
  • bee stings
  • spider bites
  • snake bites
  • scorpion stings
  • dogs and humans
  • marine animals
48
Q

treatment for bees, hornets, and wasps

A
  • remove the stinger with a dull edge
  • monitor for anaphylaxis
49
Q

treatment for spider bites

A
  • ensure scene safety
  • provide BLS transport
  • administer oxygen if shortness of breath
50
Q

pit vipers

A
  • venom stored in sacs behind eyes
  • injected to victim by fangs
  • not fatal
  • hemolytic; tissue damage
51
Q

coral snakes

A
  • injects venom with teeth, using chewing motion and eaving puncture wounds
  • venom causes paralysis of the nervous system
52
Q

treatment for snake bites

A

treat with O2

53
Q

scorpion stings

A
  • neurotoxic venom
  • stinger is found in the tail
54
Q

treatment for scorpion stings

A
  • provide BLS care/ support and transport
55
Q

tick bites

A
  • infects organism through saliva
56
Q

treatment for tick bites

A

use fine tweezers, grasp the tick by the body and pu it straight out of the skin

57
Q

signs and symptoms of rocky mountain spotted fever

A
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • headache
  • weakness
  • paralysis
58
Q

signs and symptoms of lyme disease

A
  • bullseye rash
  • swelling of the joints
  • confused with rheumatoid arthritis
59
Q

treatment for lyme disease

A

antibiotics

60
Q

treatment for dog bites

A
  • apply dry sterie dressings over wound and transport promply
  • rabies vaccine injections
61
Q

treatment for human bites

A
  • apply dry sterile dressing
  • provide transport to the hospital for surgical cleansing and antibiotic therapy
62
Q

signs and symptoms of stinging marine animals

A
  • headache
  • dizziness
  • muscle cramps
  • fainting
63
Q

treatment for marine stings

A
  • limit further discharge
  • apply rubbing alcohol and warm water
  • monitor for anaphylaxis
  • provide transport to hospital

EMT Class (15 decks)

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