Trauma Lecture 7

Question 1

common rib fractures

Answer 1

• absorb the force from trauma
• 4-9 most frequently fractured
• broken ribs enter the pleural space

Question 2

signs and symptoms for rib fractures

Answer 2

• localized tenderness
• crepitation
• pain on inspiration
• self-splinting
• reduced tidal volume and respiratory rate

Question 3

treatment for rib fractures

Answer 3

• monitor respiratory distress or failure
• assess lung sounds and for other chest injuries

Question 4

costcochondritis

Answer 4

• chest pain often times with movement
• reproducible

Question 5

flail segment

Answer 5

breakage in 2 or more ribs in 2 or more spots

Question 6

signs and symptoms of flail segment

Answer 6

• dyspnea
• pain on inspiration/palpation
• paradoxical movement of chest

Question 7

treatment of flail segment

Answer 7

• oxygen
• BVM ventilations
• positioning

Question 8

pneumothorax

Answer 8

“air in chest” or “collasped lung”

Question 9

open (pneumothorax)

Answer 9

penetrating trauma (air filing to lungs)

Question 10

closed (pneumothorax)

Answer 10

blunt force trauma (air filing from lungs)

Question 11

simple (pneumothorax)

Answer 11

litte effect on cardiac output

Question 12

tension (pneumothorax)

Answer 12

hemodynamic instability

Question 13

signs and symptoms of tension pneumothorax

Answer 13

• diminished to absent breath sounds on affected side
• progressive dyspnea
• cyanosis
• subcutaneous emphysema
• hypotension
• jugular vein distension
• tracheal deviation (very late sign)

Question 14

hemothorax

Answer 14

blood in the chest

Question 15

sign and symptoms of hemothorax

Answer 15

shock is present following chest trauma with diminished lung sounds

Question 16

hemopneumothorax

Answer 16

blood and air in the chest

Question 17

cardiac tamponade

Answer 17

• blood in the pericardia sac
• prevents the heart from expanding

Question 18

signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade

Answer 18

• beck’s triad: narrow pulse pressure or hypotension
• jugular vein distension
• muffled heart tones
• pulsus paradoxus

Question 19

treatment to pneumo/ tension/ tamponade

Answer 19

occlude open wounds

Question 20

myocardial contusion

Answer 20

• bruise of the heart muscle
• mimics the signs of a heart attack in a patient following chest trauma

Question 21

signs and symptoms of myocardial contusion

Answer 21

• conduction defects
• inability to pump effectivey
• reduced cardiac output
• possible irregular pulse and rib fractures

Question 22

treatment for myocardial contusio

Answer 22

• treat primary assessment problesm
• treat other chest injuries

Question 23

commotio cordis

Answer 23

• a lethal disruption of a normal heart rhythm into ventricular febrillation
• occurs due to sudden, direct blow to the chest directly over the heart at critical time during the cardiac cycle

Question 24

pulmonary contusion

Answer 24

bruise to the lung tissue that causes blood in the alveoi

Question 25

signs and symptoms of pulmonary contusion

Answer 25

* dyspnea * hemoptysis

Question 26

treatment for pulmonary contusion

Answer 26

* oxygen * BVM ventilation

Question 27

treatment for laceration of great vessels

Answer 27

* ventilatory support, if needed * treat for shock

Question 28

sternal fracture

Answer 28

* requires a signficant amount of force * can cause an index of suspicion for injuries to underlying organs

Question 29

traumatic asphyxia

Answer 29

sudden, severe compression of the chest * increases the pressure inside the chest

Question 30

signs and symtpoms of traumatic asphyxia

Answer 30

* distended neck and eye veins * cyanosis in the face and neck * hemorrhage into the sclera of the eye

Question 31

abominal injuries

Answer 31

* penetrating * eviscerations * kidney injuries * urinary bladder injuries * genitourinary injuries

Question 32

abdominal organs in the right upper quadrant

Answer 32

liver

Question 33

abdominal organs in the left uppe quadrant

Answer 33

spleen

Question 34

common abdominal injuries

Answer 34

seat belts

Question 35

kidney injuries

Answer 35

* trauma to the flank * bruising over the flank * hematuria

Question 36

urinary bladder injuries

Answer 36

* physica trauma to the lower abdomen * blood at the urethra opening

Question 37

treatments for genital injuries (males)

Answer 37

* dry, sterile gauze * direct pressure * leave foreign bodies in place * transport avulsed tissue with the patient

Question 38

treatments for genital injuries (females)

Answer 38

* dry, sterile gauze * direct pressure * leave foreign bodies in place * never pack or place dressings in the vagina