Trauma Lecture 7 Flashcards
common rib fractures
- absorb the force from trauma
- 4-9 most frequently fractured
- broken ribs enter the pleural space
signs and symptoms for rib fractures
- localized tenderness
- crepitation
- pain on inspiration
- self-splinting
- reduced tidal volume and respiratory rate
treatment for rib fractures
- monitor respiratory distress or failure
- assess lung sounds and for other chest injuries
costcochondritis
- chest pain often times with movement
- reproducible
flail segment
breakage in 2 or more ribs in 2 or more spots
signs and symptoms of flail segment
- dyspnea
- pain on inspiration/palpation
- paradoxical movement of chest
treatment of flail segment
- oxygen
- BVM ventilations
- positioning
pneumothorax
“air in chest” or “collasped lung”
open (pneumothorax)
penetrating trauma (air filing to lungs)
closed (pneumothorax)
blunt force trauma (air filing from lungs)
simple (pneumothorax)
litte effect on cardiac output
tension (pneumothorax)
hemodynamic instability
signs and symptoms of tension pneumothorax
- diminished to absent breath sounds on affected side
- progressive dyspnea
- cyanosis
- subcutaneous emphysema
- hypotension
- jugular vein distension
- tracheal deviation (very late sign)
hemothorax
blood in the chest
sign and symptoms of hemothorax
shock is present following chest trauma with diminished lung sounds
hemopneumothorax
blood and air in the chest
cardiac tamponade
- blood in the pericardia sac
- prevents the heart from expanding
signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade
- beck’s triad: narrow pulse pressure or hypotension
- jugular vein distension
- muffled heart tones
- pulsus paradoxus
treatment to pneumo/ tension/ tamponade
occlude open wounds
myocardial contusion
- bruise of the heart muscle
- mimics the signs of a heart attack in a patient following chest trauma
signs and symptoms of myocardial contusion
- conduction defects
- inability to pump effectivey
- reduced cardiac output
- possible irregular pulse and rib fractures
treatment for myocardial contusio
- treat primary assessment problesm
- treat other chest injuries
commotio cordis
- a lethal disruption of a normal heart rhythm into ventricular febrillation
- occurs due to sudden, direct blow to the chest directly over the heart at critical time during the cardiac cycle
pulmonary contusion
bruise to the lung tissue that causes blood in the alveoi
signs and symptoms of pulmonary contusion
- dyspnea
- hemoptysis
treatment for pulmonary contusion
- oxygen
- BVM ventilation
treatment for laceration of great vessels
- ventilatory support, if needed
- treat for shock
sternal fracture
- requires a signficant amount of force
- can cause an index of suspicion for injuries to underlying organs
traumatic asphyxia
sudden, severe compression of the chest
* increases the pressure inside the chest
signs and symtpoms of traumatic asphyxia
- distended neck and eye veins
- cyanosis in the face and neck
- hemorrhage into the sclera of the eye
abominal injuries
- penetrating
- eviscerations
- kidney injuries
- urinary bladder injuries
- genitourinary injuries
abdominal organs in the right upper quadrant
liver
abdominal organs in the left uppe quadrant
spleen
common abdominal injuries
seat belts
kidney injuries
- trauma to the flank
- bruising over the flank
- hematuria
urinary bladder injuries
- physica trauma to the lower abdomen
- blood at the urethra opening
treatments for genital injuries (males)
- dry, sterile gauze
- direct pressure
- leave foreign bodies in place
- transport avulsed tissue with the patient
treatments for genital injuries (females)
- dry, sterile gauze
- direct pressure
- leave foreign bodies in place
- never pack or place dressings in the vagina
