Respiratory Lecture 2

Question 1

List the steps in caring for a patient who is choking, including responsive and unresponsive patients.

Answer 1

1. Open the airway
2. Suction
3. Open airway adjuncts
4. Administer oxygen (responsive patients) or artificial ventilation (unresponsive patients)

Question 2

Describe the indications for suctioning and describe the technique for doing so.

Answer 2

Suctioning should only occur if there is a need to clear the airway from vomit, secretions, and water. Measure out the suction from the tip of the mouth to the tip of the jaw. Suction via an outward circulating motion

Question 3

Contrast rigid sucition and soft suctions catheter including when to use each.

Answer 3

Use a Yankaeur for all patients and a 14 French for patients with a tracheostomy or stoma, and patients under 1

Question 4

Describe the technique for applying an oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airway.

Answer 4

• An oropharyngeal airway is used for patients who are unconscious without a gag reflex that require a BVM. Measure the tubing between the tip of the mouth to the tip of the jaw. Insert the oropharyngeal with the curve facing the palate and turn 90-180 degrees. Use a tongue depressor for kids.
• A nasopharyngeal airway is used for patients with a gag reflex and may require a BVM. Measure the tubing between the nares and tip of the ear. Insert with the bevel and turn as you insert into the septum.

Question 5

The proper oxygen flow rate in liters per minute for the nasal cannula.

Answer 5

2-6 liters per minute

Question 6

The proper oxygen flow rate in liters per minute for the non-rebreather mask.

Answer 6

10-15 liters per minute

Question 7

The proper oxygen flow rate for the bag-valve-mask.

Answer 7

15 liters per minute

Question 8

List the steps for ventilating a patient who has a stoma.

Answer 8

1. Consider suctioning any fluids rom the airway using a 14 French
2. Insert BVM ventilations
3. If there is air leaking from the mouth and/or nose, seal the mouth and nose

Question 9

List the indications for the head tilt-chin lift and jaw thrust maneuvers.

Answer 9

Use a head tilt chin-lift for all patients, but do not use it for patients with a spinal or neck injury. Use a jaw thrust for patients with a tongue obstruction

Question 10

Criteria for administering oxygen.

Answer 10

patients under respiratory distress, shock, and a pulse ox below 94%

Question 11

Criteria for administering artifical ventilation

Answer 11

patients under respiratory failure and arrest

Question 12

Normal breaths per minute for adults.

Answer 12

12-20 breaths per minute

Question 13

Normal breaths per minute for adults and children during ventilation.

Answer 13

10 breaths per minute
20-30 breaths per minute

Question 14

Characteristics for child airways.

Answer 14

• smaller nose and mouth
• more space taken up by the tongue
• trachea is narrower
• cricoid cartilage is less regid and developed
• airway structures are more easily obstructed

Question 15

Signs and symptoms for respiratory distress.

Answer 15

• alert, awake
• tachypnea
• tachycardia
• restlessness

Question 16

Signs and symptoms for respiratory failure.

Answer 16

• altered, confused
• tachypnea with gasping
• cyanotic
• breathing rate less than 10 or more than 30 breathes per minute

Question 17

Function of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Answer 17

• provides positive end expiratory pressure to push fluid out of the way
• not for ventilation
• opens all alveoli

Question 18

Function of automatic transport ventilator.

Answer 18

delivers breathes for patient in transport

Question 18

Function of pulse oximetry.

Answer 18

• provides a reading of the saturated hemoglobin in a percentrage form
• applied whenever you suspect altered ABCs

Question 19

Causes for innacurate pulse oximetry readings.

Answer 19

1. shock hypoperfusion
2. hypothermia
3. excessive movement
4. nail polish
5. carbon monoxide
6. anemia
7. bleeding out, shunting

Question 20

Function of capnography.

Answer 20

• monitor of exhaled carbon dioxide (normal rate is 35-45 mmHg)

Question 21

Function of iGel.

Answer 21

• used during positive pressure and ventilations for cardiac arrests
• prevents aspiration, allowing air to go straight to the lungs

Question 22

Process for conscious foreign body airway obstruction (children).

Answer 22

1. 5 back blows at the shoulder plates
2. 5 chest thrusts at the nipple
3. Continue if unconscious