Respiratory Lecture 2 Flashcards
List the steps in caring for a patient who is choking, including responsive and unresponsive patients.
- Open the airway
- Suction
- Open airway adjuncts
- Administer oxygen (responsive patients) or artificial ventilation (unresponsive patients)
Describe the indications for suctioning and describe the technique for doing so.
Suctioning should only occur if there is a need to clear the airway from vomit, secretions, and water. Measure out the suction from the tip of the mouth to the tip of the jaw. Suction via an outward circulating motion
Contrast rigid sucition and soft suctions catheter including when to use each.
Use a Yankaeur for all patients and a 14 French for patients with a tracheostomy or stoma, and patients under 1
Describe the technique for applying an oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airway.
- An oropharyngeal airway is used for patients who are unconscious without a gag reflex that require a BVM. Measure the tubing between the tip of the mouth to the tip of the jaw. Insert the oropharyngeal with the curve facing the palate and turn 90-180 degrees. Use a tongue depressor for kids.
- A nasopharyngeal airway is used for patients with a gag reflex and may require a BVM. Measure the tubing between the nares and tip of the ear. Insert with the bevel and turn as you insert into the septum.
The proper oxygen flow rate in liters per minute for the nasal cannula.
2-6 liters per minute
The proper oxygen flow rate in liters per minute for the non-rebreather mask.
10-15 liters per minute
The proper oxygen flow rate for the bag-valve-mask.
15 liters per minute
List the steps for ventilating a patient who has a stoma.
- Consider suctioning any fluids rom the airway using a 14 French
- Insert BVM ventilations
- If there is air leaking from the mouth and/or nose, seal the mouth and nose
List the indications for the head tilt-chin lift and jaw thrust maneuvers.
Use a head tilt chin-lift for all patients, but do not use it for patients with a spinal or neck injury. Use a jaw thrust for patients with a tongue obstruction
Criteria for administering oxygen.
patients under respiratory distress, shock, and a pulse ox below 94%
Criteria for administering artifical ventilation
patients under respiratory failure and arrest
Normal breaths per minute for adults.
12-20 breaths per minute
Normal breaths per minute for adults and children during ventilation.
10 breaths per minute
20-30 breaths per minute
Characteristics for child airways.
- smaller nose and mouth
- more space taken up by the tongue
- trachea is narrower
- cricoid cartilage is less regid and developed
- airway structures are more easily obstructed
Signs and symptoms for respiratory distress.
- alert, awake
- tachypnea
- tachycardia
- restlessness
Signs and symptoms for respiratory failure.
- altered, confused
- tachypnea with gasping
- cyanotic
- breathing rate less than 10 or more than 30 breathes per minute
Function of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
- provides positive end expiratory pressure to push fluid out of the way
- not for ventilation
- opens all alveoli
Function of automatic transport ventilator.
delivers breathes for patient in transport
Function of pulse oximetry.
- provides a reading of the saturated hemoglobin in a percentrage form
- applied whenever you suspect altered ABCs
Causes for innacurate pulse oximetry readings.
- shock hypoperfusion
- hypothermia
- excessive movement
- nail polish
- carbon monoxide
- anemia
- bleeding out, shunting
Function of capnography.
- monitor of exhaled carbon dioxide (normal rate is 35-45 mmHg)
Function of iGel.
- used during positive pressure and ventilations for cardiac arrests
- prevents aspiration, allowing air to go straight to the lungs
Process for conscious foreign body airway obstruction (children).
- 5 back blows at the shoulder plates
- 5 chest thrusts at the nipple
- Continue if unconscious
