Respiratory Lecture 3 Flashcards
Define hypoxia.
difficulty getting O2 into the blood
Define anoxia.
no O2 in the blood
Define hypoventilation (hypopnea).
lack of ventilation
Define hyperventilation.
over abundance of ventilation
Signs and symptoms of Croup.
- seal-bark cough
- low grade fever (100.2 - 100.4)
- gradual onset
Define Croup.
inflammation of the larynx and trachea caused by a viral infection
Define Epiglottitis.
inflammation and swelling of the Epiglottis caused by a viral infection, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Can cause swelling and block the flow of air into the lower airways
Signs and symptoms of Epiglottitis.
- high grade fever
- copious drooling - from inability to swallow
- rapid onset
Define Anaphylaxis.
an immune response that causes histamine release, vasodilation, and airway swelling
Signs and symptoms of Anaphylaxis.
- urticaria (hives)
- angioedema (swelling)
Treatment for Anaphylaxis.
Epipen:
* 0.3 mg for adults
* 0.15 mg for children
* repeat every 5 minutes if symptoms persist
Define Pertussis.
whooping cough caused by a bacterial infection
Signs and Symptoms of Pertussis.
whoop following cough
Define Bronchiolitis/ Bronchitis.
inflammation in the bronchioles or bronchi caused by RSV infection
Signs and symptoms of Bronchiolitis/ Bronchitis.
- wheezing
- low grade fever
- excessive mucus production
Define Tuberculosis.
a viral infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
Signs and symptoms of tuberculosis.
- productive bloody sputum
- weight loss
- hemostasis, bleeding of the blood vessels
Define Pneumonia.
an upper respiratory infection preceding into the alveoli
Signs and symptoms of Pneumonia.
- green tinged sputum
- gradual onset of fever
- malaise, weakness
Define Asthma.
an immune system response that causes a combination of smooth muscle spasms in the bronchioles, mucous acumination, and edema (fluids trapped in the body)
Define Status Asthmaticus.
prolonged exacerbation which does not respond to therapy
Signs and symptoms of Asthma.
- wheezing breathing out
- history of asthma
- respiratory distress
Treatment for Asthma.
- metered dose inhaler
- albuterol - beta 2 specific
- Proventil
- Ventolin
Define beta 2 specific.
chemical that binds to beta 2 specific receptors to induce dilation
Steps to administer medication.
- Right patient
- Right drug
- Right dosage
- Right route
- Right time
- Right documentation
Define Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Define Chronic Bronchitis.
chronic irritation of the trachea and bronchi
Define Emphysema.
lost of elastic material in the alveoli due to chronically inflamed airways, causing holes and large air pockets
Signs and symptoms of Chronic Bronchitis.
- mucus production
- cilia are destroyed
- black sputum
- frequent cyanosis
Signs and symptoms of Emphysema.
- crackles
- pink skin tone
Signs and symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
- pursed lipped breathing
- barrel chest
- clubbing of fingers
Treatment for COPD.
- CPAP
- Fowler’s or Semi-Fowler’s position
Define Pulmonary Embolism.
- formation of blood clot, or deep vein thrombosis, that lodges the pulmonary artery, preventing blood from getting to the lungs caused by surgeries, long plane rides, childbirth, oral contraceptives, smoking, and Atrial Fibrillation
Signs and symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism.
- sudden onset shortness of breath
- pinpoint chest pain
- clear lung sounds
Define Spontaneous Pneumothorax.
accumulation of air in the pleural space commonly found in patients with emphysema or asthma
Signs and symptoms of Spontaneous Pneumothorax.
- diminished air sounds
- pleuritic chest pain - sharp pain, unilateral
- stable vital signs
Signs and symptoms of Tension Pneumothorax.
- diminished lung sounds
- subcutaneous emphysema
- jugular vein distension
- tracheal deviation
Define pulmonary effusion.
fluid build up in the pleural space
Signs and symptoms of Pulmonary Effusion.
friction rub, or pleural rub
Signs and symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis.
- mucus secretions are thicker
- Chronic lung infections
- malabsorption of food in the GI tract
Define Cystic Fibrosis.
genetic disorder of salt balance in mucus
Signs and symptoms of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.
- flu like symptoms: headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea
Treatment for Carbon Monoxide.
- oxygen
- hypbaric chamber: increase in pressure to force hemoglobin out
Define Hyperventilation Syndrome.
breathing too fast, reducing arteriol CO2 levels caused by too much acid in the body and DKA, Aspirin overdose
Treatment for Hyperventilation Syndrome.
- oxygen
- coaching
- no diagnosis
Define Congestive Heart Failure.
reduced cardiac function leading to pulmonary edema
Signs and Symptoms of Congestive Heart Failure.
- swelling of feet and ankles
- pink, frothy sputum
- wet crackles
Treatment for Congestive Heart Failure.
- upright/ Fowler’s position
- CPAP
- ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics
